Port Phillip Heritage Review, Version 2, 2000 1 Prepared for the City of Port Phillip by Andrew Ward, Architectural Historian PORT PHILLIP HERITAGE REVIEW, VERSION 2 VOLUME 1 August 2000 12 Leonard Street Burwood l Tel (03) 9808 4329 l Fax (03) 9808 8844 l Mobile 015 530 540 Port Phillip Heritage Review, Version 2, 2000 2 Prepared for the City of Port Phillip by Andrew Ward, Architectural Historian Contents Volume 1 1. INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................4 2. BRIEF ..................................................................................................................................... 5 3. STUDY METHOD ................................................................................................................. 6 3.1 Thematic Environmental History ............................................................................. 6 3.2 Field Survey............................................................................................................. 6 3.3 Heritage Overlay Areas ........................................................................................... 7 3.4 Data Sheets.............................................................................................................. 8 3.6 Schedule to the Heritage Overlay Table .................................................................. 8 4. RECOMMENDATIONS ....................................................................................................... 9 4.1 Port Phillip Heritage Review ................................................................................... 9 4.2 Heritage Places ........................................................................................................ 9 4.3 Conservation Principles and Guidelines................................................................. 10 4.4 Heritage Register Nominations ............................................................................. 10 5. ENVIRONMENTAL HISTORY......................................................................................... 10 5.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................... 10 5.2 Migration ............................................................................................................... 11 5.2.1 Sandridge ............................................................................................... 11 5.2.2 Emerald Hill ........................................................................................... 12 5.2.3 St. Kilda.................................................................................................. 12 5.2.4 Post war immigration ............................................................................. 13 5.3 Transport ............................................................................................................... 14 5.3.1 The first railways .................................................................................... 14 5.3.2 The first tramways .................................................................................. 16 5.3.3 Reconstruction of the bay wharves ........................................................ 17 5.3.4 Tramway and railway improvements ...................................................... 17 5.3.5 Post war changes .................................................................................... 18 5.4 Industry ................................................................................................................. 19 5.4.1 Sandridge ............................................................................................... 19 5.4.2 St. Kilda.................................................................................................. 20 5.4.3 South Melbourne .................................................................................... 21 5.4.4 Growth and prosperity ........................................................................... 21 5.5 Settlement: Growth and Change ........................................................................... 23 5.5.1 Three settlements: Sandridge, St. Kilda and Emerald Hill ..................... 23 Port Phillip Heritage Review, Version 2, 2000 3 Prepared for the City of Port Phillip by Andrew Ward, Architectural Historian 5.5.2 The late nineteenth century Boom.......................................................... 28 5.5.3 Depression and recovery: the inter-war years ........................................ 32 5.6. Education .............................................................................................................. 35 5.6.1 The first schools ..................................................................................... 35 5.6.2 Government intervention ........................................................................ 37 5.6.3 Other schools ......................................................................................... 38 5.7. Government services ............................................................................................. 39 5.7.1 Local government: the emergence of cities ............................................ 39 5.7.2 South Melbourne .................................................................................... 39 5.7.3 Port Melbourne ...................................................................................... 41 5.7.4 St. Kilda.................................................................................................. 42 5.8 Ways of life ............................................................................................................ 44 5.8.1 Port Melbourne ...................................................................................... 44 5.8.2 South Melbourne .................................................................................... 46 5.8.3 St. Kilda.................................................................................................. 49 6. HERITAGE OVERLAY AREAS........................................................................................ 52 6.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................... 52 6.2 Port Melbourne - H01 ........................................................................................... 54 6.3 Port Melbourne - The Garden City Housing Estates - HO2 ................................. 64 6.4 South Melbourne, Albert Park, Middle Park and part St. Kilda - HO3 ................. 73 6.5 South Melbourne City Road Industrial Area - HO4 ............................................. 86 6.6 St. Kilda Hill - HO5............................................................................................... 94 6.7 St. Kilda East - HO6 ........................................................................................... 105 6.8 Elwood, St Kilda, Balaclava, Ripponlea - HO7 .................................................. 114 6.9 Elwood:Glenhuntly and Ormond Roads - HO8 .................................................. 129 6.10 Inkerman Street (east) - HO 315 ........................................................................ 140 6.11 Carlisle Street (east) - HO 316 ........................................................................... 148 6.12 Brighton Road (Elwood) - HO 318 .................................................................... 155 6.13 Hotham Street (Balaclava) - HO 317 .................................................................. 163 7. HORTICULTURAL ASSESSMENT .............................................................................. 168 Port Phillip Heritage Review, Version 2, 2000 4 Prepared for the City of Port Phillip by Andrew Ward, Architectural Historian 1. INTRODUCTION This Review of the cultural heritage of the City of Port Phillip was commissioned in October, 1996. The consultant team was lead by Andrew Ward, architectural historian and supported by Francine Gilfedder, horticulturalist and garden historian. Data base management and map generation was undertaken by Ian Perry of Big Picture Software Pty. Ltd. and research assistance was provided by Jenny Dalrymple of Andrew Ward’s office. The project was directed by Jim Holdsworth, manager, Urban Design and Strategic Planning at the City of Port Phillip and he was assisted during the early stages of the Study by Peter Boyle, architect, as project officer. The project was undertaken simultaneously with the City of Port Phillip Urban Character Study and a joint project steering committee was established to give support to the consultant teams. The membership of the committee was as follows: • Councillor Dick Gross (chair), • Councillor Pat Browne, • Councillor Liz Johnstone • Jim Holdsworth, manager Urban Design and Strategic Planning, • David Spokes, general manager, Community Planning, • Steve Dunn, manager Business and Industry, • Geoff Austin, Department of Infrastructure, • Dale Wardlaw, Department of Infrastructure, • Kim Dovey, University of Melbourne, • Lyn Harrison, community representative, • Adair Bunnett, community representative, • Andrew Heslop, community representative, and • David Brand, community representative. The support of the members of this committee throughout the course of the Study is acknowledged with thanks, their knowledge of the Municipality, their expertise and commitment to the task being highly valued. The City of Port Phillip, having been formed