S. HRG. 112–935 THE FAIR ELECTIONS NOW ACT: A COMPREHENSIVE RESPONSE TO CITIZENS UNITED HEARING BEFORE THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON THE CONSTITUTION, CIVIL RIGHTS, AND HUMAN RIGHTS OF THE COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY UNITED STATES SENATE ONE HUNDRED TWELFTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION APRIL 12, 2011 Serial No. J–112–15 Printed for the use of the Committee on the Judiciary ( U.S. GOVERNMENT PUBLISHING OFFICE 94–623 PDF WASHINGTON : 2015 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Publishing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512–1800; DC area (202) 512–1800 Fax: (202) 512–2104 Mail: Stop IDCC, Washington, DC 20402–0001 COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY PATRICK J. LEAHY, Vermont, Chairman HERB KOHL, Wisconsin CHUCK GRASSLEY, Iowa DIANNE FEINSTEIN, California ORRIN G. HATCH, Utah CHUCK SCHUMER, New York JON KYL, Arizona DICK DURBIN, Illinois JEFF SESSIONS, Alabama SHELDON WHITEHOUSE, Rhode Island LINDSEY GRAHAM, South Carolina AMY KLOBUCHAR, Minnesota JOHN CORNYN, Texas AL FRANKEN, Minnesota MICHAEL S. LEE, Utah CHRISTOPHER A. COONS, Delaware TOM COBURN, Oklahoma RICHARD BLUMENTHAL, Connecticut BRUCE A. COHEN, Chief Counsel and Staff Director KOLAN DAVIS, Republican Chief Counsel and Staff Director SUBCOMMITTEE ON THE CONSTITUTION, CIVIL RIGHTS AND HUMAN RIGHTS DICK DURBIN, Illinois, Chairman PATRICK J. LEAHY, Vermont LINDSEY O. GRAHAM, South Carolina SHELDON WHITEHOUSE, Rhode Island JON KYL, Arizona AL FRANKEN, Minnesota JOHN CORNYN, Texas CHRISTOPHER A. COONS, Delaware MICHAEL S. LEE, Utah RICHARD BLUMENTHAL, Connecticut TOM COBURN, Oklahoma JOSEPH ZOGBY, Democratic Chief Counsel and Staff Director WALT KUHN, Republican Chief Counsel (II) C O N T E N T S STATEMENTS OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS Page Durbin, Hon. Dick, a U.S. Senator from the State of Illinois .............................. 1 prepared statement .......................................................................................... 30 Leahy, Hon. Patrick J., a U.S. Senator from the State of Vermont, prepared statement .............................................................................................................. 33 WITNESSES Witness List ............................................................................................................. 29 Simpson, Hon. Alan, former U.S. Senator from the State of Wyoming, Cody, Wyoming ............................................................................................................... 4 prepared statement .......................................................................................... 35 Mitchell, Cleta, Partner, Foley & Lardner, Washington, DC .............................. 7 prepared statement .......................................................................................... 38 Youn, Monica, Senior Counsel, Democracy Program, Brennan Center for Jus- tice at New York University School of Law, New York, New York ................. 9 prepared statement .......................................................................................... 50 QUESTIONS Questions submitted by Senator Graham for Cleta Mitchell ............................... 73 ANSWERS Responses of Cleta Mitchell to questions submitted by Senator Graham .......... 74 SUBMISSIONS FOR THE RECORD Americans for Campaign Reform, Concord, New Hampshire: Overview, Civic Leaders for Fair Elections ................................................................................... 75 Americans for Campaign Reform, Concord, New Hampshire: Overview, Gov- ernment Leaders for Fair Elections .................................................................... 76 Americans for Campaign Reform, Concord, New Hampshire: Overview, Build- ing the Movement for Reform ............................................................................. 77 American Constitution Society, Monica Youn, Washington, DC, June 2010, Brief ....................................................................................................................... 78 Who’s Buying Campaign Finance Reform? Notes/Bibliography .......................... 99 Additional Document for the Record, Senator Lindsey Graham, April 12, 2011, Web Site link .............................................................................................. 107 Alliance for Justice, Nan Aron, President, Washington, DC, April 11, 2011, letter ...................................................................................................................... 108 AFSCME, Charles M. Loveless, Director of Legislation, Washington, DC, April 11, 2011, letter ............................................................................................ 109 American Sustainable Business Council, David Levine, Co-Founder, Executive Director, Washington, DC, April 7, 2011, letter ................................................ 110 Lake Research Partners, Celinda Lake, President, Washington, DC, April 18, 2011, letter ..................................................................................................... 111 Boston Globe, ‘‘The High Cost of Private Campaign Funding,’’ by Daniel Weeks, November 19, 2009, article ..................................................................... 113 Center for Competitive Politics, Sean Parnell, President, Alexandria, Virginia, statement .............................................................................................................. 114 Center for Lobbying in the Public Interest (CLPI), Lawrence S. Ottinger, President, Washington, DC, April 11, 2011, letter ............................................ 120 (III) IV Page CREW, Melanie Sloan, Executive Director, Washington, DC, September 21, 2010, letter ............................................................................................................ 121 Democracy Matters, Joan Mandle, Executive Director, Hamilton, New York, April 7, 2011, letter .............................................................................................. 123 Democracy for America, Jim Dean, Chair, South Burlington, Vermont, letter .. 124 Demos, Miles Rapoport, President, Washington, DC, April 11, 2011, letter ...... 125 Detroit News, May 8, 2010, article ......................................................................... 127 U.S. News, Noteworthy Facts and Figures Related to Money and Politics, Fred Wertheimer, April 11, 2011, fact sheet ..................................................... 128 Common Cause, Bob Edgar, President, and Sarah Dufendach, Vice President for Legislative Affairs, Washington, DC, April 11, 2011, letter ....................... 129 Members of Congress and Time Spent Fundraising, report ................................ 131 Main Street Alliance, Sam Blair, Network Director, Seattle, Washington, April 8, 2011, letter .............................................................................................. 133 NAACP, Hilary O. Shelton, Director, Senior Vice President for Advocacy and Policy, Washington, DC, April 7, 2011, letter ............................................ 134 Public Advocate for the City of New York, December 2010, report ..................... 135 Progress Now, Aniello Alioto, National Political Director, St. Paul, Minnesota, April 11, 2011, letter ............................................................................................ 151 Lioz, Adam, Program Director and Counsel, Progressive Future, Washington, DC, letter .............................................................................................................. 152 Progressives United, Russell D. Feingold, former U.S. Senator, Founder, Mid- dleton, Wisconsin, April 11, 2011, letter ............................................................ 153 Public Campaign, Nick Nyhart, President and CEO, Washington, DC, April 12, 2011, letter ..................................................................................................... 154 Public Citizen, David Arkush, Director, Public Citizen’s Congress Watch Divi- sion and Craig Holman, Government Affairs Lobbyist, Washington, DC, April 6, 2011, letter .............................................................................................. 156 Public Citizen, David Arkush, Director, Public Citizen’s Congress Watch Divi- sion and Craig Holman, Government Affairs Lobbyist, Washington, DC, April 12, 2011, statement .................................................................................... 157 Rock the Vote, Thomas Bates, Vice President, Civic Engagement, Washington, DC, April 8, 2011, letter ...................................................................................... 161 Roll Call, June 23, 2010, article ............................................................................. 162 Democracy21, Fred Wertheimer, President, Washington, DC, April 2011, fact sheet ...................................................................................................................... 163 Sierra Club, Michael Brune, Executive Director, Washington, DC, April 11, 2011, letter ............................................................................................................ 168 U.S. News and World Report, ‘‘Taxpayer Checkoff Protects Against Corrup- tion,’’ April 11, 2011, article ................................................................................ 169 USA Today, ‘‘Biggest Election Winner: Big Money,’’ November 5, 2010, arti- cle .......................................................................................................................... 171 US Action,