TurkJAgricFor 26(2002)323-330 ©TÜB‹TAK PlantParasiticNematodeSpeciesofTylenchida(Nematoda) AssociatedwithSesame(Sesamumindicum L.)Growinginthe MediterraneanRegionofTurkey ‹lkerKEPENEKC‹ PlantProtectionCentralResearchInstitute,06172Yenimahalle,Ankara-TURKEY Received:02.04.2001 Abstract: Plantparasiticnematodes(Tylenchida:Nematoda)foundonsesame(Sesamumindicum L.)growingintheMediterranean regionofTurkeywereexaminedfaunisticallyandtaxonomically.Thisstudywascarriedoutintwoprovinces(Antalyaand‹çel) importantforthecultivationofsesameduringthesummerof1998.Samplesweretakenfrom20differentsesamefieldsand examinedinthelaboratory.Bytheendofourresearch23specieswereidentified.Twoofthese(Helicotylenchusabunaamai Siddiqi andParatylenchusrotundicephalus Bajaj)arespecieswhichhaveneverbeenrecordedinTurkey.Theiridentification,distributionin theMediterraneanregion,andmorphologicalandmorphometriccharacteristicsaredescribed.Thehostsandregionsofplant parasiticnematodespreviouslydeterminedinthesesamecultivationareasinTurkeywerecollectedasliteraturerecords.Nore cord wasfoundontheplantparasiticnematodesoccurringinsesamecultivationareasinTurkey.Inthisfirstresearchthemostcommon speciesare Tylenchorhynchustritici Golden,Maqbool&Hondoo, Scutylenchuslenorus Brownand Pleciorotylenchusstriaticeps Volvas,Castillo&Lamberti. KeyWords: Nematoda,Tylenchida,Nematofauna,Sesame,Mediterraneanregion,Turkey AkdenizBölgesi’ndeSusam(Sesamumindicum L.)EkiliflAlanlar›ndaSaptananTylenchida (Nematoda)Tak›m›naAitBitkiParazitiNematodTürleri Özet: Buçal›flmadaAkdenizBölgesi’ndesusam(Sesamumindicum L.)ekiliflalanlar›ndasaptananTylenchida(Nematoda)tak›m›naait bitkiparazitinematodtürlerifaunistikvetaksonomikolmaküzereikibölümdeincelenmifltir.Çal›flmaAkdenizBölgesi’ndesusam ekilifliaç›s›ndanönemlibiryeresahipikiil(Antalyave‹çel)’deyürütülmüfltür.Buamaçla1998y›l›n›nyazaylar›ndatoplam20susam tarlas›ndanörnekleral›nm›flvelaboratuvardaincelenmifltir. Çal›flmasonucunda23türsaptanm›flolup;tespitedilentürlerden Helicotylenchusabunaamai Siddiqive Paratylenchus rotundicephalus BajajTürkiyefaunas›içinyenikay›tniteli¤indedir.Türkiyefaunas›içinyeniolanbutürlerintan›mlar›,morfolojikve morfometriközellikleriileliteratürkay›tlar›nagörekonukçular›veyay›l›flalanlar›verilmifltir.Çal›flmakapsam›nagirensus amekilifl alanlar›ndatespitedilendi¤erbitkiparazitinematodtürlerininTürkiye’dedahaöncetespitedilenkonukçular›vesaptand›¤› bölgeler literatürkay›tlar›nagörederlenmifltir.Ülkemizdesusamekiliflalanlar›ndabulunabilecekbitkiparazitinematodlarlailgiliherhangibir kaydarastlanmam›flolup;builkçal›flmadatespitedilentürlerdenenyayg›nolanlar›ns›ras›yla Tylenchorhynchustritici Golden, Maqbool&Hondoo,Scutylenchuslenorus BrownvePleciorotylenchusstriaticeps Volvas,Castillo&Lambertioldu¤ubelirlenmifltir. AnahtarSözcükler: Nematoda,Tylenchida,nematodfaunas›,Susam,AkdenizBölgesi,Türkiye Introduction Sesame( Sesamumindicum L.)iscultivatedinover Plantparasiticnematodescauseyieldlossesformany 68,000hainTurkey(Anonymous,1999),withthe crops,buttheeconomicsignificanceofthedamage MediterraneanregionofAntalyaand‹çelbeingthemost causedbytheseparasitesisgenerallynotwellunderstood importantproductionareas. orrecognisedbygrowers.Basicinformationaboutplant Worldwidethereislittleknowledgeabouttheplant parasiticnematodes,theirhostassociations,and parasiticnematodes(Tylenchida:Nematoda)associated occurrenceindifferentlocalitiesinTurkeywasrecently withsesame.Areviewofthepresenceofplantparasitic describedbyÖktenetal.(2000),whofound172 nematodesongroundnuts,sunflowers,castor( Ricinus nematodespeciesassociatedwith59plantsfrom communis),rape,mustard,sarson,sesameandflax differentlocalitiesinthecountry. indicatesthat Meloidogyne spp., Aphelenchoides 323 PlantParasiticNematodeSpeciesofTylenchida(Nematoda)AssociatedwithSesame (Sesamumindicum L.)GrowingintheMediterraneanRegionofTurkey arachidis,Pratylenchus spp.,Belonolaimuslongicaudatus, Todatenorecordofplantparasiticnematodeson Scutellonemacavenessi , Macroposthoniaornate and sesamehasbeenrecordedinTurkey,hencethisstudy Tylenchulusbrevilineatus arecommonlyfound(Chhabra wasperformedtodeterminetheTylenchidaspeciesin etal.,1992).IntheFederalDistrictofBrazilduringApril sesamefieldsoftheMediterraneanregion. 1993,anematodesurveywasconductedinan experimentalareaofEmbrapaCerradosandPlanaltina where21genotypesofsesame( S.indicum )were MaterialsandMethods sampledfornematodepresence.Fourcompositesoiland Themainmaterialsofthestudyweresoilandsesame rootsampleswerecollectedfromtherhizospheresof rootsamplescollectedfrom20sesamefieldsinAntalya eachgenotypebeforeharvest.Theplantparasitic and‹çelinthesummerof1998(Figure1),with12fields nematodesfoundinfrequencyofoccurrenceingenotypes beinginAntalyaand8in‹çel.Fiverootsamples(50 were Pratylenchusbrachyurus (100%), Aphelenchoides g/sample)werecollectedfromeachsesamefield.Soil sp.(100%), Ditylenchus sp.(100%), Helicotylenchus sampleswereobtainedusingaspadeorboringtoolwith dihystera (67%), Paratrichodorusminor (67%)and ahalf-cylindricalbladetoexcavatesoiltoadepthof20- Criconemalleornate (48%)(SharmaandAmabile,1998). 30cm.Tensoilsamples(400-750cm 3/sample)were • A •• BLACKSEA AEGEAN SEA ••• ANTALYA Akseki ••• • ‹ÇEL ••Elmalı Serik • Mut • Alanya• • •• Kumluca Silifke • ••• Erdemli Anamur MEDITERRANEANSEA •• B • ANTALYA • • Akseki •• • • ‹ÇEL • Elmalı Serik • • Mut • Alanya • • •• Kumluca Silifke •• • • • Erdemli Anamur ____ MEDITERRANEANSEA • •• •• Figure1. A)CompletemapofTurkeyindicatingsamplesites.B)Enlargedmapofregionindicatingsamplesitesin‹çelandAntal ya(Eachbar represents100km). 324 ‹.KEPENEKC‹ takenfromeachsesamefield.Intotal,300rootandsoil inglycerolasdescribedbySeinhorst(1959).Theslides sampleswereprocessed. usedwerepreparedaccordingtotheringmethodof Inlaboratorystudies,activenematodeswere Hooper(1986).Measurementandtaxonomic extractedfromsoilusingacombinationofsieving(nested identificationweredoneaccordingtotheformulaandkey 850,250,150,75and45µm-openingsieves)and citedbySiddiqi(1986). Baermannfunnelmethods(ChristieandPerry,1951). Materialcollectedonthetwosieveswiththelargest ResultsandDiscussion openingswasdiscarded,andmaterialfromtheremaining sieveswasextractedonBaermannfunnels.Anincubation Twenty-threespecieswithinthefamiliesTylenchidae, methodwasusedtoextractthenematodesfromplant Dolichodoridae,Hoplolaimidae,Pratylenchidae, roots(Young,1954).Foridentification,nematodeswere Criconematidae,Hemicycliophoridae,Paratylenchidaeand killedat60ºCandfixedinTAF.Specimensweremounted Anguinidaewereidentified(Table1);allofthemarenew Table1. SpeciesofTylenchida(Nematoda)faunaonsesame( Sesamumindicum L.)intheMediterraneanregionofTurkeyanddocumentedhost rangereportedfromTurkey. Nematodespecies, Hostassociation,Commonname-speciesname(distributioninTurkey) 1 Reference2 Identifiedonsesame(Family) Coslenchusdiversus Lal&Khan Rice-Oryzasativa L.(3,6);Walnut-Juglansregia L.(20);Peach-Prunuspersica (L.) ›;n;o;ö;fl (Tylenchidae) Batch.(16,4);Olive-Oleaeuropaea L.(16);Hazelnut-Corylus sp.(7,10,34) Sesame-Sesamumindicum L.(16) Thisstudy Basiriadublexa Hagemeyer& Bean-Phaseolusvulgaris L.(3,33);Peach(8);Olive(15,8) i;o;ö Allen(Tylenchidae) Sesame(4) Thisstudy Neopsilenchuspeshawarensis Tobacco-Nicotiana sp.(29,30);Plum-P.domestica L.(4);Walnut(20);Apricot- l;r;n;o;ö;p Shahina&Maqbool(Tylenchidae) P.armeniaca L.(1);Olive(8);Sunflower- Helianthusannuus L.(21) Sesame(4) Thisstudy Tylenchorhynchusclaytoni Bean(3,24);Olive(34,32,8,4,16) i;ö Steiner(Dolichodoridae) Sesame(4) Thisstudy T.cylindricus Cobb Vegetables(13);Bean(3,33,2);Tomato- Lycopersicumesculentum Mill.(3); c;i;h;n;n;o; (Dolichodoridae) Walnut(34,26);Chestnut-Castaneasativa Miller(34);Peach(16);Olive(4); ö;g;fl Sainfoin-Onobrychissativa Lam.(3);Hazelnut(7) Sesame(16) Thisstudy T.tritici Golden,Maqbool& Barley-Hordeumvulgare L.(13);Wheat-Triticumaestivum L.(13);Chestnut(20); f;f;n;o;ö Hondoo(Dolichodoridae) Apricot-P.armeniaca L.(4);Olive(1) Sesame(4,16) Thisstudy Bitylenchusgoffarti Sturhan Potato-Solanumtuberosum L.(9,18);Ornamentalplant(17);Onion- Alliumcepa L. ¤;e;u;ç;ç;ç;i;ö (Dolichodoridae) (24,19);Corn-Zeamays L.(1,23,4);Tomato(1,23,4);Groundnut- Arachishypogaea L. (1,23,4);Chickpea-Cicerarietinum L.(33,25);Olive(1,4) Sesame(4) Thisstudy Quinisulciusacutus Allen Tomato(3);Walnut(26,20);Apricot(8);Peach(15);Olive(16) h;n;o;o;ö (Dolichodoridae) Sesame(4) Thisstudy Amplimerliniusdubius Steiner Watermelon-Citrullusvulgaris Schrad.(17);Onion(19);Bean(3);Chestnut(14); ü;u;i;n;o (Dolichodoridae) Peach(4) Sesame(4) Thisstudy Scutylenchuslenorus BrownKiwifruit- Actinidiadeliciosa cvHayward(14);Walnut(26);Apricot(16);Olive(14); m;n;o;ö;fl;t (Dolichodoridae) Hazelnut(7,10,34);Apple-Pyrusmalus L.(8,15) Sesame(4,16) Thisstudy 325 PlantParasiticNematodeSpeciesofTylenchida(Nematoda)AssociatedwithSesame (Sesamumindicum L.)GrowingintheMediterraneanRegionofTurkey Table1. Contunued. Nematodespecies, Hostassociation,Commonname-speciesname(distributioninTurkey) 1 Reference2 Identifiedonsesame(Family) Hoplolaimusgaleatus (Cobb) Vegetables(13);Kidneybean- Dolichoslubia Fornk(15);Plum(15);Chestnut(30); c;i;r;n;o;ö;p;t (Hoplolaimidae) Peach(15);Olive(32,15);Sunflower(21);Apple(15) Sesame(16) Thisstudy Rotylenchuscypriensis Antoniou Vine-Vitisvinifera L.(16);Tomato(3);Rose- Rosadamescana Mill.(15); ç;h;a;ö;g;t (Hoplolaimidae) Olive(16,4,1);Rice(3);Apple(8) Sesame(4) Thisstudy Helicotylenchusabunaamai Siddiqi Sesame(16) Thisstudy (Hoplolaimidae)3 H.tunisiensis Siddiqi Tomato(3);Chickpea(3,33);Bean(8);Tomato(3);Kidneybean(15);Walnut(26); h;i;i;i;i;n;o;ö (Hoplolaimidae) Peach(8,15);Olive(16) Sesame(4) Thisstudy Pleciorotylenchusstriaticeps Volvas, Vine(27);Wheat(1,23,22);Citrus-