A New Companion to Digital Humanities Blackwell Companions to Literature and Culture This series offers comprehensive, newly written surveys of key periods and movements and certain major authors, in English literary culture and history. Extensive volumes provide new perspectives and positions on contexts and on canonical and post‐canonical texts, orientating the beginning student in new fields of study and providing the experienced undergraduate and new graduate with current and new directions, as pioneered and developed by leading scholars in the field. Published Recently 74. A Companion to the Literature and Culture of the American West Edited by Nicolas S. Witschi 75. A Companion to Sensation Fiction Edited by Pamela K. Gilbert 76. A Companion to Comparative Literature Edited by Ali Behdad and Dominic Thomas 77. A Companion to Poetic Genre Edited by Erik Martiny 78. A Companion to American Literary Studies Edited by Caroline F. Levander and Robert S. Levine 79. A New Companion to the Gothic Edited by David Punter 80. A Companion to the American Novel Edited by Alfred Bendixen 81. A Companion to Literature, Film, and Adaptation Edited by Deborah Cartmell 82. A Companion to George Eliot Edited by Amanda Anderson and Harry E. Shaw 83. A Companion to Creative Writing Edited by Graeme Harper 84. A Companion to British Literature, 4 volumes Edited by Robert DeMaria, Jr., Heesok Chang, and Samantha Zacher 85. A Companion to American Gothic Edited by Charles L. Crow 86. A Companion to Translation Studies Edited by Sandra Bermann and Catherine Porter 87. A New Companion to Victorian Literature and Culture Edited by Herbert F. Tucker 88. A Companion to Modernist Poetry Edited by David E. Chinitz and Gail McDonald 89. A Companion to J. R. R. Tolkien Edited by Stuart D. Lee 90. A Companion to the English Novel Edited by Stephen Arata, Madigan Haley, J. Paul Hunter, and Jennifer Wicke 91. A Companion to the Harlem Renaissance Edited by Cherene Sherrard‐Johnson 92. A Companion to Modern Chinese Literature Edited by Yingjin Zhang 93. A New Companion to Digital Humanities Edited by Susan Schreibman, Ray Siemens, and John Unsworth A NEW COMPANION TO DIGITAL HUMANITIES EDITED BY SUSAN SCHREIBMAN, RAY SIEMENS, AND JOHN UNSWORTH This edition first published 2016 © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Registered Office John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK Editorial Offices 350 Main Street, Malden, MA 02148‐5020, USA 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford, OX4 2DQ, UK The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK For details of our global editorial offices, for customer services, and for information about how to apply for permission to reuse the copyright material in this book please see our website at www.wiley.com/wiley‐blackwell. The right of Susan Schreibman, Ray Siemens, and John Unsworth to be identified as the authors of the editorial material in this work has been asserted in accordance with the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, without the prior permission of the publisher. Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic books. Designations used by companies to distinguish their products are often claimed as trademarks. All brand names and product names used in this book are trade names, service marks, trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners. The publisher is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book. Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty: While the publisher and authors have used their best efforts in preparing this book, they make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this book and specifically disclaim any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. It is sold on the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services and neither the publisher nor the author shall be liable for damages arising herefrom. If professional advice or other expert assistance is required, the services of a competent professional should be sought. Library of Congress Cataloging‐in‐Publication data applied for Hardback 9781118680599 Paperback 9781118680643 A catalog record for this book is available from the British Library. Cover image: Zdeněk Sýkora, Lines No. 56 (Humberto), 1988, oil on canvas, 200 × 200 cm. Collection of the Museum of Modern Art Olomouc, The Czech Republic. Photo Zdeněk Sodoma. © Zdeněk Sýkora - heir, Lenka Sýkorová, 2015 Set in 11/12.5pt Garamond3 by SPi Global, Pondicherry, India 1 2016 Contents Notes on Contributors viii Preface xvii Part I Infrastructures 1 1 Between Bits and Atoms: Physical Computing and Desktop Fabrication in the Humanities 3 Jentery Sayers, Devon Elliott, Kari Kraus, Bethany Nowviskie, and William J. Turkel 2 Embodiment, Entanglement, and Immersion in Digital Cultural Heritage 22 Sarah Kenderdine 3 The Internet of Things 42 Finn Arne Jørgensen 4 Collaboration and Infrastructure 54 Jennifer Edmond Part II Creation 67 5 Becoming Interdisciplinary 69 Willard McCarty 6 New Media and Modeling: Games and the Digital Humanities 84 Steven E. Jones 7 Exploratory Programming in Digital Humanities Pedagogy and Research 98 Nick Montfort 8 Making Virtual Worlds 110 Christopher Johanson vi Contents 9 Electronic Literature as Digital Humanities 127 Scott Rettberg 10 Social Scholarly Editing 137 Kenneth M. Price 11 Digital Methods in the Humanities: Understanding and Describing their Use across the Disciplines 150 Lorna Hughes, Panos Constantopoulos, and Costis Dallas 12 Tailoring Access to Content 171 Séamus Lawless, Owen Conlan, and Cormac Hampson 13 Ancient Evenings: Retrocomputing in the Digital Humanities 185 Matthew G. Kirschenbaum Part III Analysis 199 14 Mapping the Geospatial Turn 201 Todd Presner and David Shepard 15 Music Information Retrieval 213 John Ashley Burgoyne, Ichiro Fujinaga, and J. Stephen Downie 16 Data Modeling 229 Julia Flanders and Fotis Jannidis 17 Graphical Approaches to the Digital Humanities 238 Johanna Drucker 18 Zen and the Art of Linked Data: New Strategies for a Semantic Web of Humanist Knowledge 251 Dominic Oldman, Martin Doerr, and Stefan Gradmann 19 Text Analysis and Visualization: Making Meaning Count 274 Stéfan Sinclair and Geoffrey Rockwell 20 Text‐Mining the Humanities 291 Matthew L. Jockers and Ted Underwood 21 Textual Scholarship and Text Encoding 307 Elena Pierazzo 22 Digital Materiality 322 Sydney J. Shep 23 Screwmeneutics and Hermenumericals: The Computationality of Hermeneutics 331 Joris J. van Zundert 24 When Texts of Study are Audio Files: Digital Tools for Sound Studies in Digital Humanities 348 Tanya E. Clement Contents vii 25 Marking Texts of Many Dimensions 358 Jerome McGann 26 Classification and its Structures 377 C. M. Sperberg‐McQueen Part IV Dissemination 395 27 Interface as Mediating Actor for Collection Access, Text Analysis, and Experimentation 397 Stan Ruecker 28 Saving the Bits: Digital Humanities Forever? 408 William Kilbride 29 Crowdsourcing in the Digital Humanities 420 Melissa Terras 30 Peer Review 439 Kathleen Fitzpatrick 31 Hard Constraints: Designing Software in the Digital Humanities 449 Stephen Ramsay Part V Past, Present, Future of Digital Humanities 459 32 Beyond the Digital Humanities Center: The Administrative Landscapes of the Digital Humanities 461 Andrew Prescott 33 Sorting Out the Digital Humanities 476 Patrik Svensson 34 Only Connect: The Globalization of the Digital Humanities 493 Daniel Paul O’Donnell, Katherine L. Walter, Alex Gil, and Neil Fraistat 35 Gendering Digital Literary History: What Counts for Digital Humanities 511 Laura C. Mandell 36 The Promise of the Digital Humanities and the Contested Nature of Digital Scholarship 524 William G. Thomas III 37 Building Theories or Theories of Building? A Tension at the Heart of Digital Humanities 538 Claire Warwick Index 553 Notes on Contributors John Ashley Burgoyne is a lecturer in the Music Cognition Group at the University of Amsterdam and a guest researcher at the Netherlands Institute for Sound and Vision. Dr. Burgoyne led the compilation of the McGill Billboard transcriptions and the Hooked on Music project on long-term musical memorability. Tanya E. Clement is an assistant professor in the School of Information at the University of Texas at Austin. Her primary area of research is scholarly information infrastructure. She has published widely on digital humanities and digital literacies as well as scholarly editing, modernist literature, and sound studies. Her current research projects include High Performance Sound Technologies for Access and Scholarship (HiPSTAS). Owen Conlan is an assistant professor in the School of Computer Science and Statistics, Trinity College Dublin, with expertise in personalization and visualization. He has co‐authored over 100 publications and has received several best‐paper awards. Owen coordinated the European Commission‐funded CULTURA project, and he is a p assionate educator who teaches knowledge and data engineering. Panos Constantopoulos is a professor in the Department of Informatics and Dean of the School of Information Sciences and Technology, Athens University