Fla ub ert an d M a upa ssan t " A L it e r a r y R e l a t io n sh ip AGNES RUTHERFORD RID D ELL TH E UNIVERS ITY OF CH ICAGO PR ESS CHICA GO ILL N O S , I I FLAUB ERT AND MAUP ASSANT A LITERARY RELATI ONS H I P TH E UN IVE R SITY OF C H IC A G O P R E SS C H IC A G O . ILL IN OI S THE BAKER dz TAYLOR COMPANY NEW r oux THE CAMB RIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS LONDON OKYO OSAKA KYOTO W100“ BI NDA T . Q THE MISSION BOOK COMPANY sw am! F la u b e r t a n d M a u pa ssa n t A L i t e r a r y R e l a t i o n s h i p By AGNES RUTH ERFORD RID D ELL TH E UNIVERSITY OF CH ICAGO PR ESS C C HI AGO , ILLIN OIS Copmcm' 1920 B Y Tm: Unmnsm or CHI CAGO All Rights R eserved P ublished Februa ry 19 2 0 Co mposed and P ri nted B y Ch ica go , I ll inois. U . S . A . P R E FACE o f The publication this dissertation has been delayed by the war , as it has been impossible to visit the libraries o f E urope for books m and articles not to be found on this side of the A tlantic . Per ission to publish has now been granted the writer by the D epartment o f R m t o ance Languages and Literatures , with the understanding hat , o r v o f ma i f necessary , additions to re isions the dissertation y be m m issued by her after she has exa ined the aterial in E urope . This dissertation has been written under the direction of Pro f E P D v m esso r . argan , to whose in aluable and untiring encourage ent and counsel the writer acknowledges with pleasure her very great S he m indebtedness . desires further to express her thanks for uch v v t Nitze o f D m o f aluable ad ice o Professor , head the epart ent R m u To P ro o ance Lang ages and Literatures . Professor Pietsch , fessor m A Jenkins , Professor Wilkins , Professor Cole an , ssistant m who v m m Professor Par enter, and others ha e assisted her fro ti e to time during the composition o f the dissertation with facts and sug gestions , she wishes also to record her gratitude . P AGE A BBREVIATIONS CH AP TER I TH E R H . H ISTORY OF PERSONAL ELATIONS IP I I D E X M D . ISCU SSION AND E PLIFICATION OF EFINITELY S TATED TH EORIES REGARDIN G L IFE (WIT H I NTRODUCTION ) X M II I . DISCUSSION AND E E PLIFICATION OF DEFINITELY S TATED T H EORIES R EGARDING L ITERARY PROCEDURE M M R D IV . L I K ENESS IN E PLOY ENT OF GE NERAL EALISTIC EVICES V R M B C P I C CH C Z I . ESE LAN ES IN LOT, N IDENT, ARA TERI ATION , DEAS AND WORDING M VI . S U M ARY AND CON CLU SION B IBLIOGRAP H Y AB B R E VIATI ON S to the o ks o f Fl ub t a nd M u ss t the o o In referring w r a er a pa an , f ll wing abbreviati ons are used throughout th e notes o f the di ssertati on in order s Wh the c is to sho t st th t tl o f the to s c . o e ave pa e ere referen e a r ry, i e ’ o lum h ch it i s co t d i s fi r st and th th e m o f the v e in w i n aine given , en na e sto bb t m s ry (a revia ed in any ca es ) . FLAUBERT Madame B o vary ’ L Education sentimentale S alammbO ' Tro i s Contes (UmCoeur simple ; LaLégende ’ de S t ul l H os itali er H e od s ain J ien p , r ia ) L a Tentatio n de S aint- A ntoine Oeu vres de j eunesse Notes de voyages Par les Champ s et par les Gréves Co rrespondance B o uvard et P écuch et MAUPASSANT D V D . es s V . er B ul de u d . S o S . B e if t P . e . e J . Pierre Jean M11e F M d mo s ll Fifi . a e i e e M P a r Mo s u t . n ie r Paren Le R osier de Madame H usson A u S A u S o l l . ei L M L a M G uch . G. ain a e U ne ie U . V V L t R P . R L t o u . a . Pe i e q e ’ ’ 1E r l E au S . S u F o rt comme la Mort N . Not o u C. re C e r L T L M s ll M . o T . a ai n e ier L i V . E . L E t . a V e rran e L L H o l H . e . r a l B or B c o t s de la c ss d . é . C. C n e Bé a e ix FLA UBER T AND MA UP AS S AN T Oeuvres p o sth umes Mi ss H arriet Les S oeur s R o ndoli Mont- Ori o l C onte s du Jour et de ’ L inutile Beauté B el - A mi Clair de L une t l c o ds uot t o s m k thu t l h I a i ized w r in q a i n ar ed s are i a i cized in t e text . ’ Wh th m k i n ot u the t l cs th t ere i s ar s sed i a i are e wri er s . CHAP TER I H I S T OR Y OF TH E PE R S ONA L R E LA TI ON S H IP Flaubert ’s connection with the Maupassant family began through m m o f m the friendship between his other and the other his co panions , A P i tevin m m 1 0 o t } , 8 , lfred and Laure Le , the latter of who beca e in 5 m u M 2 A the other of G y de aupassant . The relationship with l fred ’ Le P oittevin continued until the latter s death in as is evi denced by the frequent mention Of himin the Cor r espo n da nce and ’ “1L 5 s wo rks s him el ewhere in Flaubert s , by the letters addres ed to , and by the dedication to himof L a Ten ta ti on d e S ain t- A n toin e and 6 o f m S m v A two youth ful atte pts . o e years Older than Gusta e , lfred P oittevin m v ha him Le see s to ha e d upon considerable influence . Fo r present purposes the friendship is interesting mainly because ' ’ it gives rise to the speculation as to how far Flaubert s relationship i s his c with the nephew traceable to friendship with the un le . ' P oittevin m 18 6 G v With Laure Le , who arried , in 4 , usta e de M 7 m v . aupassant , Flaubert aintained his friendship as long as he li ed S he m v v s out o f see s , howe er, to ha e pas ed his ken during the early 8 f m c years o her arried li fe . The first letter to her in luded in the Corr es ondan ce m O 1866 18 2 p dates fro thers follow in , 7 , and 1873 In these letters reference is made to A lfred ; mention ’ al so occurs o f Laure s son Guy and of the growing affection of ’ t him o n r Flauber for , partly the lad s own account and pa tly because 1 m m n i l de o ma v l e . Fl ube t a m : S o u e s nt mes de M e. C a r , C , I v nir i i , p ix ’ 2 a t 2 Ma ia l L i u r a u ssa n . n a v e et l oe v e de . y , M p , p 4 3 i 2 I b d . 1. , p 4 F o r ml 1 2 2 1 1 1 2 0 e Com , , 33 , 5 , 39 , 45 , 54, 60, 6 , 74, 77 . 96, 67 9 . 7 , exa p , 4 3 , 2 8 1 2 I - 1 P . 0 I 2 2 1 1 . d- 8 0 N V. 9 , 3 , 4 , 459 ; , 3, 9 , 9 93 ; . 9 ; pp 337 , 339. etc. 5 o n 1 1 1 0 1 1 162 1 18 188 C r . , 47 , 5 , 53, 59, , 73 7 , 6 I 1 , 40 ; II , 12 1. 7 Ma nial 2 2 1 Ma ial ll cc e o .