Folia faunistica Slovaca, 2011, 16 (3): 139–142 ISSN 1335-7522 FIRST RECORD OF PHORESY OF PSEUDOSCORPION LAMPROCHERNES CHYZERI IN SLOVAKIA (PSEUDOSCORPIONES: CHERNETIDAE) Jana Christophoryová, Eduard Stloukal & Viera Stloukalová Department of Zoology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Mlynská dolina B-1, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia [[email protected]] Abstract: Lamprochernes chyzeri A phoresy of the pseudoscorpion, (Tömösváry, 1882), was observedMusca domestica on the locality Devínske jazero (garden estate in the vicinity of Bratislava) in Slovakia. One phoretic male was attached to the leg of theKey house words: fly LamprochernesLinnaeus, 1758. chyzeri Musca domestica pseudoscorpion, , Diptera, , phoresy, Slovakia. INTRODUCTION Geogarypidae, Atemnidae, Cheiridiidae and With- iidae in Brazilian Amazonia (Aguiar & Bührnhe- Phoresy in pseudoscorpions represents a generally im 1998). Twenty-four species were recorded there known and common phenomenon in certain pseu- in phoretic association with 56 insect species, be- doscorpion groups (Kaisila 1949). It is a non-par- longing to five orders – Hemiptera, Neuroptera, Co- asitic association between two animals of mostly leoptera, Lepidoptera and Diptera. Poinar et al. different taxons due transportation, and may or (1998) provided the direct evidence of ten pseu- may not be associated, at least in the early stages of doscorpion families with at least 44 insect families its evolution, with the predatory behaviour of pseu- and three arachnid families in the world. The ev- doscorpions (Legg & Jones 1988). In Europe, the idence of pseudoscorpion phoresy on arthropods phoresy is typical mainly for the families of Cher- can be recorded through findings of pseudoscorpi- netidae and Cheliferidae, specimens of which do at- ons attached to the appendages of carriers or pseu- tach themselves to flies, harvestmen, beetles but doscorpions riding on the bodies of large arthro- also to moths or hymenopteran (for example Beier pods (Beier 1948).Lamprochernes chyzeri L. nodosus 1932, 1948, 1963; Lohmander 1939a, 1939b; Kai- Two species, (Tömösváry, sila 1949; Ressl & Beier 1958; Minář 1966; Legg Lamprochernes 1882) andL. nodosus (Schrank, 1803), are known & Jones 1988; Mašán & Krištofík 1992; Ducháč from genus Tömösváry, 1882 in Slo- 1993; Poinar et al. 1998; Gardini 2000; Drogla & vakia. is a species whose phoresy has Lippold 2004). Neobisium sylvaticum been commonly observed in Europe (for example MuscaFurthermore domestica the phoresy of Beier 1932, 1948; Lohmander 1939a; Ressl & Bei- (C. L. Koch, 1835) from the family Neobisiidae on er 1958; Helversen 1966; Minář 1966; Rafalski Linnaeus, 1758 was recorded in 1967; Poinar et al. 1998; DroglaHydrotaea & Lippold similis 2004). Europe (Poinar et al. 1998). Besides the mentioned In Slovakia, only two specimensLucilia werecaesar found as pho- families, phoretic pseudoscorpions were found al- retic on flies – one male on Meade, so in families of Chthoniidae, Tridenchthoniidae, 1887 and one male on (Linnaeus, Citation Christophoryová J, Stloukal E & Stloukalová V, 2011: First record of phoresy of pseudoscor- pion Lamprochernes chyzeri in Slovakia (Pseudoscorpiones: Chernetidae). Folia faunistica Slovaca, 16: 139–142. Received 17 October 2011 ~ Accepted 21 October 2011 ~ Published 24 October 2011 © Faunima, Bratislava, 2011 http://zoology.fns.uniba.sk/ffs 139 A B Figure 1. A Lamprochernes chyzeri Musca domestica B Lam- prochernes chyzeri – attached to the leg of the house fly . – Detail of attached . L. chyzeri (1758) (Mašán & Krištofík 1992). Cases of phoresy of have been rarely recorded in Europe Vachon 1954; Meinertz 1964;L. chyzeriLegg & Jones 1988; Drogla & Lippold 2004). Our finding represents the first record of phoresy of in Slovakia. MATERIAL AND METHODS Lamprochernes chyzeri We recorded one male of from Slovakia, the Borská nížina Lowland, on local- ity the Devínske jazero (suburban area of Bratisla- va; the cadastre of the Záhorská Bystrica Borough) (48°15’44’’N, 16°57’52’’E, altitude 140Musca m; 7.8.2011,domesti- caleg. V. Stloukalová, E. Stloukal). The male was at- tached Lamprochernesto the leg of the chyzeri house fly (Diptera, Muscidae) (Figs 1A, 1B). The speci- men of was identified using the identification key of Christophoryová et al. (2011b). It was studied as temporary slide mount, photographed using a Leica DM1000 compound mi- croscope with ICC50 Camera Module (LAS EZ appli- cation, 1.8.0). The material is deposited in the first author collection in the Comenius University, Brati- slava. Live macrophotographs were taken by the Figure 2. Lam- camera Canon EOS 5D with macrolenses Canon EF prochernes chyzeri 100mm f/2,8 Macro USM and the flash Canon Mac- Palpal trochanter, femur and patella of ro Twin Lite MT-24EX. Arrow points to the conical and NOTES ON THE PHORESY pointed protuberance on palpal trochanter. Scale: 0.5 OF LAMPROCHERNES CHYZERI mm. L. chyzeri Lamprochernes chyzeri occurs beneath the bark of old and decay- The pseudoscorpion is ing trees (Lohmander 1939a; Kaisila 1949; Beier known mainly from Europe (Austria, Bulgaria, Cro- 1963; Rafalski 1967; Jędryczkowski 1987; Legg atia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, Germany, & Jones 1988; Drogla & Lippold 2004; Petrov Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Norway, Poland, Romania, 2004; Krumpál & Christophoryová 2007) and Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, former Yugoslavia, in compost heaps (Lohmander 1939a; Helversen and United Kingdom) and also from Georgia, Ka- 1966; Legg & Jones 1988; Drogla & Lippold 2004; zakhstan and Turkey (Harvey 2009). Tömösváry Christophoryová 2009). There have been records (1882) recorded the species for the first time and from bird nestsFormica (Krumpál fusca & Cyprich 1988; Chris- among type localities he mentioned Malé Ozorovce tophoryová 2010; Christophoryová et al. 2011a), Village, Trakany Village, Sninský kameň Mt., Nitra formicaries of Linnaeus, 1758 (Beier FoliaTown faunistica and the Slovaca, Turňa 2011, nad 16 Bodvou (3): 139–142 Village in Slovakia. 1948), from greenhouse (Krumpál et al. 1997) or 140 in moss (Palmgren 1973). In Denmark the species Beier M, 1963: OrdnungAkademie-Verlag PseudoscorpionideaBerlin (After- is characterized as synanthropic (Meinertz 1964). skorpione). Bestimmungsbücher zur Bodenfauna Eu- ropas. Lieferung 1. , , 313 pp. Several authorsLamprochernes stated that nodosus the paucity ( of records Christophoryová J, 2009: Šťúriky – Pseudoscorpiones, of the species has probably been a result of confus- pp. 125–135. In: Mašán P &Štátna Mihál ochrana I (eds), Pavúkovceprírody SR ing it with Legg & Jones BanskáCerovej Bystrica,vrchoviny Správa (Arachnida: CHKO Araneae,Cerová vrchovina Pseudoscor Ri- 1988; Drogla & Lippold 2004; Christophoryová mavskápiones, Opiliones,Sobota, Ústav Acari). zoológie SAV Bratislava, Ústav et al. 2011b). Both species do occur in similar habi- ekológie lesa SAV Zvolen tats and they can be easily confused because their . identification is based on many overlapping mor- ChristophoryováFolia faunistica J, 2010: Slovaca Šťúriky (Pseudoscorpiones) phometric and morphological characters. Accord- pod kôrou stromov, v dutinách a v hniezdach na Slov- ing to Legg & Jones (1988) females differL. innodosus chae- ensku. , 15(1): 1–12. totaxy of genital operculum:L. chyzeri anterior part of the Christophoryová J, Krumpálová Z, KrištofíkBiologia J & operculum bears more than 20 setae in L. Országhová Z, 2011a: Association of pseudoscorpi- nodosusand 9–11 setae in . Christophoryová et ons with different types of bird nests. , 66/4: al. (2011b) has found out that some specimens of 669–677. have anterior genital operculum with less Christophoryová J, Šťáhlavský F & Fedor P, 2011b: An than 20 setae. A more reliable determination char- updated identificationZootaxa key to the pseudoscorpions L. nodosus (Arachnida: Pseudoscorpiones) of the Czech Republic acter is the shape of palpal trochanter (Christo- Pand Slovakia. , 2876: 35–48. phoryováL. chyzeri et al. 2011b). In the protuber- Christophoryová J, Šťáhlavský F, Krumpál M & Fedor ance on palpal trochanter is blunt and rounded and , 2011c: Pseudoscorpions North-Westernof the Czech Republic Journal and of in the protuberance on palpal trochanter ZoologySlovakia: An annotated and revised checklist (Arach- is conical and pointed (Fig. 2). After that the pseu- nida: Pseudoscorpiones). doscorpions of both species from Slovakia were re- , (in press). vised. The misidentifications are mentioned in the Drogla R & Lippold K, Arachnologische2004: Zur Kenntnis Mitteilungen der Pseu- actual checklist of Slovak and Czech pseudoscorpi- doskorpion-Fauna von Ostdeutschland (Arachnida, ons (ChristophoryováLamprochernes et al. 2011c). chyzeri Pseudoscorpiones). , 27/28: 1–54. Arachnologische Mitteilun- The phoresy of was ob- Ducháčgen V, 1993: Zwei neue Afterskorpion–Arten aus der served for the first time in Slovakia and it is only Tschechischen Republik. the second known case of pseudoscorpionL. chyzeri phor- , 5: 36–38.Fragmenta Entomologica esy in the country [first one published by Mašán Gardini G, 2000: Catalogo degli Pseudoscorpioni d’Italia & Krištofík (1992)]. In other countries (Arachnida). , 32: 1–181. Harvey MS, 2009: Pseudoscorpions of the World. Ver- was recorded as phoretic only for few times. Va- Graphiphora augur sion 1.2. Western Australian Museum, Perth. Inter- chon (1954)Musca found domestica the species attached to a moth net: http://www.museum.wa.gov.au/research/data- (Fabricius, 1775) and Meinertz bases/pseudoscorpionsSenckenbergiana (accessed