Yayasan Sabah Dandida Management of Maliau Basin Conservation Area Sabah, Malaysia DRAFT STRATEGIC PLAN FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF MALIAU BASIN CONSERVATION AREA, 2003-2012 Incorporating a draft Action Plan 2003-2005 30th June 2002 Dr Julian Caldecott Creatura Ltd, Palafox, 4 West End Donhead St Andrew Shaftesbury, Dorset Spy 9DY United Kingdom e-mail: [email protected] DRAFT STRATEGIC PLAN FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF MALIAU BASIN CONSERVATION AREA, 2003-2012 Incorporating a draft Action Plan 2003-2005 Conservation and Environmental Services Section, Forestry Division, Innoprise Corporation Sdn Bhd, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Ma laysia Final draft by Julian Caldecott 30th June 2002 Contents list PARTICIPANTS IN STRATEGIC PLANNING 5 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 8 Location and legal status 8 Management authority 8 Management objectives 8 Purpose and scope of planning 9 Resources to be conserved 9 Threats to the resources 10 Protective measures proposed 10 Enhancing management capacity 11 Education, tourism and public awareness 12 Research and environmental monitoring 13 Implementation programme 14 Management plan review schedule 15 Sustainable financing strategy 15 USE OF TERMS 18 PART ONE - INTRODUCTION, RESOURCES AND THREATS 20 Chapter 1: INTRODUCTION 20 1.1 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND 20 1.2 EXISTING LEGAL AND MANAGEMENT ARRANGEMENTS 22 1.3 CONTEXT OF PLANNING 23 1.4 PURPOSE OF PLANNING 25 1.5 OVERALL MANAGEMENT STRATEGY 26 1.6 SCOPE OF PL ANNING 27 1.7 PROCESS OF PLANNING 28 Chapter 2: RESOURCES 30 2.1 OV ERVIEW 30 2.2 LANDFORM AND GEOLOGY 30 2.3 CLIMATE 32 Strategic Plan for MBCA Management (30th June Final Draft) 2 2.4 ECOSYSTEMS AND FLORA 32 2.4.1 Soils and forest types 32 2.4.2 Lowland dipterocarp forest 34 2.4.3 Riverine forest 34 2.4.4 Upper dipterocarp forest 34 2.4.5 Agathis forest 35 2.4.6 Heath forest 35 2.4.7 Oak-conifer forest 36 2.4.8 Montane ericaceous or rim forest 36 2.4.9 Aquatic ecosystems 36 2.5 BIODIVERSITY 37 2.5.1 Plants 37 2.5.2 Mammals 37 2.5.3 Birds 38 2.5.4 Other vertebrates 38 2.5.5 Invertebrates 39 2.5.6 Genetic resources 40 2.5.7 Endemism and uniqueness 40 2.5.8 Information and knowledge 40 2.6 INTANGIBLE RESOURCES 41 2.7 COMPARATIVE CONSERVATION SIGNIFICANCE 42 2.7.1 Integrity of the area 42 2.7.2 Significance of the area 42 2.7.3 Comparative analysis 43 Chapter 3: THREATS 46 3.1 OVERVIEW 46 3.2 STRATEGIC THREATS 46 3.2.1 Forest fires 46 3.2.2 Tree plantations 47 3.2.3 Coal mining 49 3.2.4 Unsustainable tourism 51 3.2.5 Infrastructure 52 3.2.6 Intangible threats 52 3.3 TACTICAL THREATS 53 3.3.1 Illegal logging 53 3.3.2 Farming 53 3.3.3 Hunting 53 3.3.4 Harvesting 54 PART TWO – MANAGING RESOURCES, THREATS AND OPPORTUNITIES 55 Chapter 4: PROTECTION 55 4.1 OVERVIEW 55 4.2 PROMOTING LANDSCAPE CONNECTIONS 55 4.3 MANAGING THE BUFFER ZONE 57 4.3.1 Roles of the buffer zone 57 4.3.2 Fire management 57 4.3.3 Community involvement 59 4.3.4 Re-planting native trees 60 4.3.5 Tourism development 60 4.4 TACTICAL PROTECTION 61 4.4.1 Boundaries, bases and patrols 61 4.4.2 Management zones 63 4.4.3 Personnel and equipment 64 4.4.4 Fighting forest fires 65 Strategic Plan for MBCA Management (30th June Final Draft) 3 4.4.5 Interdicting logging roads 65 Chapter 5: ENHANCING MANAGEMENT CAPACITY 66 5.1 OVERVIEW 66 5.2 LEADERSHIP AND DECENTRALIZATION 66 5.3 STAFF INCENTIVES 67 5.4 HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT 68 5.5 INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS 69 5.6 STAFF JOB DESCRIPTIONS 70 Chapter 6: EDUCATION, TOURISM AND PUBLIC AWARENESS 72 6.1 OVERVIEW 72 6.2 EDUCATION 72 6.3 TOURISM 73 6.3.1 Rationale, constraints and carrying capacity 73 6.3.2 Public access to Maliau Falls 75 6.3.3 Attributes of the MBCA that may attract visitors 76 6.3.4 ‘Knowledge-seekers’ and facilities for them 77 6.3.5 Resident naturalists 79 6.3.6 Pricing and discounting 79 6.3.7 Friends of Maliau 80 6.4 PUBLIC AWARENESS 81 6.5 WEB-SITE DEVELOPMENT 82 Chapter 7: RESEARCH AND ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING 84 7.1 OVERVIEW 84 7.2 NON-COMMERCIAL OR ‘ACADEMIC’ RESEARCH 84 7.3 COMMERCIAL RESEARCH OR ‘BIOPROSPECTING’ 87 7.3.1 Principles of access and benefit sharing 87 7.3.2 Negotiating partnerships 88 7.3.3 Local participation in biodiversity inventories 89 7.4 BIODIVERSITY INVENTORIES 90 7.5 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING 91 7.5.1 Selection of indicators 91 7.5.2 Local ecosystem health and threat 92 7.5.3 Global environmental conditions 93 Chapter 8: PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT 94 8.1 OVERVIEW 94 8.2 THE MALIAU BASIN STUDIES CENTRE 94 8.3 ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS IN MBSC DEVELOPMENT 94 8.4 THE TRAIL SYSTEM 95 8.5 BALANCING DEVELOPMENT AND PROTECTION 96 8.5.1 Planning and EIA 96 8.5.2 Waste management 97 8.5.3 Sustainable energy 98 PART THREE – IMPLEMENTATION AND SUSTAINABILITY 99 Chapter 9: IMPLEMENTATION PROGRAMME 99 9.1 OVERVIEW 99 9.2 CHECK-LIST OF RECOMMENDED ACTIVITIES 100 9.3 PRIORITIES FOR ACTION PLANNING 102 9.4 THE ROLE OF WORK PLANS 103 9.5 MONITORING IMPLEMENTATION 103 9.5.1 Feedback of management information 103 9.5.2 Management plan review schedule 104 Chapter 10: SUSTAINABLE FINANCING STRATEGY 105 10.1 OVERVIEW 105 Strategic Plan for MBCA Management (30th June Final Draft) 4 10.2 ECOTOURISM 107 10.3 EDUCATIONAL SERVICES 108 10.4 EDUCATIONAL MERCHANDIZING 109 10.5 BIOPROSPECTING 110 10.6 BIODIVERSITY FUTURES TRADING 112 10.7 CARBON STORAGE 113 10.8 GRANTS, SPONSORSHIPS AND PARTNERSHIPS 115 10.9 TRUST FUNDS AND ENDOWMENTS 117 10.10 BUSINESS PLANNING 118 Annexes 122 Annex 1: Draft Action Plan 2003-2005 122 Annex 2: Maps and figures 135 Annex 3: Terms of reference for buffer zone management planning 136 Annex 4: Satellite telecommunications 138 Annex 5: Public awareness and environmental education plan, 2002-2006 143 Annex 6: Memorandum of Understanding with Harvard University Herbarium 151 Annex 7: Principles for bioprospecting partnerships 153 Annex 8: Notes on the World Heritage Site nomination 156 Annex 9: Terms of reference for business planning 158 Bibliography 160 Index 175 Strategic Plan for MBCA Management (30th June Final Draft) 5 PARTICIPANTS IN STRATEGIC PLANNING This Strategic Plan was prepared with the guidance of all the institutions belonging to the Maliau Basin Conservation Area Management Committee (see Section 1.2). The following individuals contributed their time and ideas to its development (with apologies for omissions and inaccuracies): Abdul Hamid Ahmad (Universiti Malaysia Sabah) Abdul Latif Mohamed (Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia) Abdul Rashid Salleh (Yayasan Sabah1) Ainon Salam (EAC) Alim Biun (Sabah Parks) Johan Alexander (Universiti Malaysia Sabah) Raymond Alfred (WWFM) David Aloysius (Yayasan Sabah) Laurentius Ambu (Sabah Wildlife Department) Paul Ambun (Sabah Parks) Aminudin Mohamad (Universiti Malaysia Sabah) Amnah Rozieyana (Borneo Divers) Mahedi Andau (Sabah Wildlife Department) Arsuhaila Musha (Economic Planning Unit, Putrajaya) Gem Asildo (Yayasan Sabah) Awang Rahim Awang Ali (Yayasan Sabah) Badrul Hisham Kumut (Yayasan Sabah) Siriman Basir (Nabawan District Office) Baton Benjamin (Borneo Eco) Julian Caldecott (Creatura Ltd) Chai Chie Kong (Pan-Borneo Travel) Danny Chew (Borneo Tourism Institute) John Chin (Borneo Eco Tours) Freddie Cho (Economic Planning Unit, Prime Minister’s Department) Henry Chok (SEPA/EAC) Adrian Chong (Town Planning Department) Peter L.S. Chong (Yayasan Sabah) Edward Chua (Yayasan Sabah) Darshan Singh (Yayasan Sabah) Geoffrey Davison (WWF Malaysia) Alex Dubgaard (Aarhus University) Michael Emban (Keningau District Office) Cesar Escobidor (Discovery Tours) Peter Feilberg (NEPCon) Robert Francis (Borneo Tourism Institute) Vincent Fung (Sabah Forestry Dept) Jimmy Gabriel (Environmental Conservation Department) Barnabas Gait (Yayasan Sabah) Ailen I. Ganing (ECD) Andrew Garcia (Yayasan Sabah) Charles Garcia (Yayasan Sabah) 1 In this list, the affiliation ‘Yayasan Sabah’ refers to the Sabah Foundation and all of its wholly- owned subsidiaries. Strategic Plan for MBCA Management (30th June Final Draft) 6 Sintiong Ge let (Sabah Museum) Jikos Gidiman (Yayasan Sabah) Jeffrey Gilimon (Inno Travel) Ricky Gilong (Yayasan Sabah) Tony Greer (Cowie, DANCED consultant) Charles Gulis (Yayasan Sabah) Roger Hammond (Living Earth) Datuk Hamzah Amir (Tawau Municipal Council) Hamzah Tangki (Yayasan Sabah) Carsten Broder Hansen (Albatross, DANCED consultant) Hon Tun Lin (Drainage and Irrigation Department) Stephen Jilimin (Yayasan Sabah) Marcus Jopony (Universiti Malaysia Sabah) Rose John Kidi Jontili (Yayasan Sabah) Roslan Junaidi (Sa bah Forestry Department) Jupailin Naiman (Yayasan Sabah) Jamili Nais (Sabah Parks) Omar Kadir (Sabah Society) George H. Kandavu (Sook District Office) Jens Kanstrup (DANCED consultant) Daniel Khiong (Sabah Forestry Department) Annie Kimbian (Yayasan Sabah) Frederick Kugan (Sabah Forestry Department) Badrul Hisham Kumut (Yayasan Sabah) Maklarin Lakim (Sabah Parks) Tony Lamb (independent consultant) Claudia Lasimbang (PACOS) Jenny Lee (Sabah Agriculture Department) Karen Lewis (IBM) Francis Liew (Sabah Parks) Jenny Liaw (Institute for Development Studies) Darline Lim-Hasegawa (Yayasan Sabah) Bubudan O.T. Majalu (District Office Nabawan) Jaffit Majuakim (Sabah Museum) Mary Malangking (Kementarian Pelancongan dan Pembangunan Alam Sekitar) Maryati Mohamed (Universiti Malaysia Sabah) Mashita Yusoff (Universiti Malaysia Sabah) Frederica Mojilis (Yayasan Sabah) Patricia Mobilik (Yayasan Sabah) Hans Ulrik Skotte Møller (DANCED consultant, CTA) Pedro Moura Costa (Ecosecurities) Gregory Mosigil (Yayasan Sabah) Seiko Mukojima (Pan-Borneo Travel) Justin Mundy (Aon) S.M. Muthu (SEPA) Joseph Naesarajoo Johnny Ng (SEPA) Norhaidah Maral