Environmental Assessment and Environmental Impact Evaluation Prepared pursuant to 42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq. and Regulations of Connecticut State Agencies Section 22a-1a-1 to 12, inclusive New Terminal B Passenger Facility and Associated Improvements at Bradley International Airport Windsor Locks, Connecticut State Project No. 165-393 Prepared for: Federal Aviation Administration Connecticut Department of Transportation June 2012 Table of Contents Environmental Assessment and Environmental Impact Evaluation New Terminal B Passenger Facility and Associated Improvements at Bradley International Airport, Windsor Locks, Connecticut 1 Introduction ................................................................................1 1.1 Background...............................................................................................1 1.1.1 Airside and Landside Facilities........................................................................3 1.1.2 Other Facilities..................................................................................................5 1.1.3 Airport Master Planning ..................................................................................6 1.1.4 Demolition of the Existing Terminal B Complex .......................................7 1.2 Public Participation and Agency Coordination ..........................................8 2 Purpose and Need......................................................................9 3 Proposed Action ......................................................................14 3.1 Terminal and Landside Program .............................................................. 14 3.2 Airside Program......................................................................................... 19 3.4 Project Phasing.......................................................................................... 21 3.5 Project Cost................................................................................................ 21 4 Alternatives Considered ..........................................................22 4.1 No Action Alternative................................................................................22 4.2 Rehabilitation of Terminal B.....................................................................22 4.3 Alternative Sites .........................................................................................23 4.3.1 Terminal Facilities at Other Airport Locations..........................................23 4.3.2 Alternative Terminal Configurations ...........................................................23 4.4 Alternative Designs....................................................................................24 4.4.1 Terminal ...........................................................................................................24 4.4.2 Landside Roadway Configuration ................................................................29 4.5 Preferred Alternative..................................................................................29 5 Existing Environment and Analysis of Impact.......................32 5.1 Land Use, Zoning, and Local Development Plans...................................32 5.1.1 Existing Conditions........................................................................................32 5.1.2 Impact Analysis...............................................................................................38 5.1.3 Mitigation.........................................................................................................39 5.2 Consistency with State and Regional C&D Plans ....................................39 5.2.1 Existing Conditions........................................................................................39 5.2.2 Impact Analysis...............................................................................................44 5.2.3 Mitigation.........................................................................................................44 5.3 Traffic and Parking....................................................................................44 5.3.1 Existing Conditions........................................................................................44 New Terminal B Passenger Facility and Associated Improvements at Bradley International Airport i Environmental Assessment and Environmental Impact Evaluation June 2012 Table of Contents Environmental Assessment and Environmental Impact Evaluation New Terminal B Passenger Facility and Associated Improvements at Bradley International Airport, Windsor Locks, Connecticut 5.3.2 Impact Analysis...............................................................................................52 5.3.3 Mitigation.........................................................................................................55 5.4 Considerations Relating to Pedestrian, Bicycle and Transit Access........55 5.4.1 Existing Conditions........................................................................................55 5.4.2 Impact Analysis...............................................................................................56 5.4.3 Mitigation.........................................................................................................57 5.5 Air Quality .................................................................................................57 5.5.1 Emissions Inventories....................................................................................60 5.5.1.1 Methodology....................................................................................60 5.5.1.2 Impact Analysis..............................................................................63 5.5.2 General Conformity .......................................................................................65 5.5.2.1 Methodology....................................................................................65 5.5.2.2 Impact Analysis..............................................................................65 5.5.2.3 Mitigation.......................................................................................66 5.5.3 NAAQS Assessment - General ....................................................................66 5.5.4 NAAQS Assessment - Roadway Intersection Analysis ............................66 5.5.5 Hazardous Air Pollutants...............................................................................67 5.5.6 Greenhouse Gases and Climate Change .....................................................68 5.5.6.1 Existing Conditions........................................................................68 5.5.6.2 Impact Analysis..............................................................................68 5.5.6.3 Mitigation.......................................................................................69 5.6 Noise..........................................................................................................69 5.6.1 Existing Conditions........................................................................................69 5.6.2 Impact Analysis...............................................................................................76 5.6.3 Mitigation.........................................................................................................79 5.7 Socioeconomic Effects, Environmental Justice, and Children’s Health and Safety...................................................................................................79 5.7.1 Existing Conditions........................................................................................79 5.7.2 Impact Analysis...............................................................................................84 5.7.3 Mitigation.........................................................................................................85 5.8 Hydrology and Floodplains.......................................................................85 5.8.1 Existing Conditions........................................................................................85 5.8.2 Impact Analysis...............................................................................................87 5.8.3 Mitigation.........................................................................................................87 5.9 Water Quality.............................................................................................87 5.9.1 Existing Conditions........................................................................................87 5.9.2 Impact Analysis...............................................................................................90 5.9.3 Mitigation.........................................................................................................91 5.10 Wetlands ....................................................................................................92 New Terminal B Passenger Facility and Associated Improvements at Bradley International Airport ii Environmental Assessment and Environmental Impact Evaluation June 2012 Table of Contents Environmental Assessment and Environmental Impact Evaluation New Terminal B Passenger Facility and Associated Improvements at Bradley International Airport, Windsor Locks, Connecticut 5.10.1 Existing Conditions........................................................................................93 5.10.2 Impact Analysis...............................................................................................98 5.10.3 Mitigation.........................................................................................................99