UNIVERSITY OF CINCINNATI Date:___________________ I, _________________________________________________________, hereby submit this work as part of the requirements for the degree of: in: It is entitled: This work and its defense approved by: Chair: _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ A Comparative Analysis of Scenes, Scenes Revisited, and Last Scenes by Verne Reynolds A document submitted to the Division of Research and Advanced Studies of the University of Cincinnati in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF MUSICAL ARTS in the Division of Ensembles and Conducting of the College-Conservatory of Music 2006 by Brandon D. Jones B.M., Miami University, 1998 M.M., University of Cincinnati, 2003 Committee Chair: Rodney Winther ABSTRACT American French hornist and composer Verne Reynolds (b. 1926) spent most of his career on the faculty at the Eastman School of Music as Professor of Horn. During his thirty-six year tenure there (1959–1995) he was a founding member of the Eastman Brass Quintet as well as their chief arranger. Reynolds also held positions in the Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra, the American Woodwind Quintet, and the Rochester Philharmonic Orchestra. In addition to his teaching and arranging duties, Reynolds is a prolific composer. His oeuvre spans nearly every genre, including solo, chamber and pedagogical works as well as compositions for orchestra and wind ensemble. In the 1970s, Reynolds composed three works for wind ensemble entitled Scenes, Scenes Revisited, and Last Scenes. In these works he utilized various techniques and influences that include serialism, jazz, and aleatory along with more traditional compositional methods such as variation, imitation, and development of motivic ideas. This study examines each of these three works individually in terms of their use of serialism, orchestration, jazz influence, aleatory, and form. A descriptive analysis is then presented for each work, which seeks to aid in study of the scores. These elements are then compared to demonstrate the relationships among all three works. Also included is an appendix listing all of Reynolds’s compositions and transcriptions for wind and percussion instruments, which total over one hundred. ii COPYRIGHT NOTICES AND PERMISSIONS SCENES By Verne Reynolds Copyright © 1974 (Renewed) by G. Schirmer, Inc. (ASCAP) International Copyright Secured. All Rights Reserved. Used by Permission. SCENES REVISITED By Verne Reynolds © Copyright 2004 by Boosey & Hawkes, Inc. Reprinted by Permission. LAST SCENES By Verne Reynolds Copyright © 1979 by Verne Reynolds Used by Permission. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my appreciation to my advisor, coach, and teacher Mr. Rodney Winther for his unending patience and thoughtful guidance throughout my studies at CCM. Thank you also Dr. Terence Milligan and Dr. David Berry for their input on my document. I would also like to thank Mr. Gary Speck for first introducing me to these pieces and sparking the idea for this project. Sincere thanks to my wife Stephanie for her constant support of my career pursuits. This work is dedicated to Verne Reynolds, whose talent for performing, teaching, and composing has enriched the lives of countless students and audiences, and whose unique and significant contribution to the wind repertoire deserves great recognition. iv CONTENTS LIST OF EXAMPLES.....................................................................................................................3 Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION Biography of Verne Reynolds .................................................................................5 Purpose and Method of this Study...........................................................................7 2. SCENES Overview..................................................................................................................8 Pitch Analysis ........................................................................................................10 Stylistic Elements...................................................................................................13 Descriptive Analysis ..............................................................................................17 3. SCENES REVISITED Overview................................................................................................................31 Pitch Analysis ........................................................................................................32 Stylistic Elements...................................................................................................37 Descriptive Analysis ..............................................................................................45 4. LAST SCENES Overview................................................................................................................58 Pitch Analysis ........................................................................................................59 Stylistic Elements...................................................................................................62 Descriptive Analysis ..............................................................................................64 5. COMPARISON OF THE THREE WORKS Instrumentation ......................................................................................................74 Formal Characteristics ...........................................................................................75 1 Use of Serialism.....................................................................................................76 Stylistic Elements...................................................................................................81 Conclusion .............................................................................................................82 SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY.....................................................................................................84 APPENDIX A: Scenes Trilogy Instrumentation ...........................................................................87 APPENDIX B: Verne Reynolds’s Compositions and Transcriptions for Wind and Percussion Instruments...........................................................................................................88 2 LIST OF EXAMPLES Example 1. Reynolds, Scenes, P0 row ......................................................................................10 2. Reynolds, Scenes, transpositions of P0 row in aleatoric section ...........................10 3. Reynolds, Scenes, Scene Five English horn row ...................................................10 4. Reynolds, Scenes, Scene Six row ..........................................................................11 5. Reynolds, Scenes, Manipulation of Scene Six row................................................11 6. Reynolds, Scenes tonal scheme..............................................................................12 7. Reynolds, Scenes trumpet soli sections .................................................................14 8. Reynolds, Scenes, Scene Two flute and clarinet solos ..........................................15 9. Reynolds, Scenes Revisited, P3 row ......................................................................33 10. Reynolds, Scenes Revisited, P3 row manipulation ................................................33 11. Reynolds, Scenes Revisited, P0 row ......................................................................33 12. Reynolds, Scenes Revisited, P0 row manipulation ................................................34 13. Reynolds, Scenes Revisited, clarinet and saxophone row......................................34 14. Reynolds, Scenes Revisited, mm. 45–48; clarinets and soprano saxophone .........34 15. Reynolds, Scenes Revisited, P10 row ....................................................................35 16. Reynolds, Scenes Revisited, P10 row manipulation ..............................................35 17. Reynolds, Scenes Revisited tonal scheme..............................................................35 18. Reynolds, Scenes Revisited, mm. 55–58; clarinets and saxophones......................37 19. Reynolds, Scenes Revisited, mm. 219–23; clarinets..............................................39 20. Reynolds, Scenes Revisited, mm. 257–60; trumpets..............................................39 21. Reynolds, Scenes Revisited, mm. 268–71; French horns.......................................40 3 22. Reynolds, Scenes Revisited, mm. 296–303; French horns.....................................40 23. Reynolds, Scenes Revisited, m. 304; French horns 1–3.........................................41 24. Reynolds, Scenes Revisited, mm. 304–8, m. 312; trombones................................41 25. Reynolds, Scenes Revisited, mm. 312–16; woodwinds .........................................42 26. Reynolds, Scenes Revisited, m. 320; saxophones, euphonium and tuba ...............43 27. Reynolds, Scenes Revisited, opening chord reduction...........................................45 28. Reynolds, Scenes Revisited, mm. 170–99 chord reductions..................................51 29. Reynolds, Scenes Revisited, Scene Four melodic reduction..................................52 30. Reynolds, Last Scenes, P10 row ............................................................................60 31. Reynolds, Last Scenes, mm. 142–45;