Alcohol Units Blood tests are not recommended for Alcohol Pathway screening but can be used to monitor What are the recommended safer established alcohol-related problems. Screening – who to screen limits for drinking? Binge drinking Men is more than 3 - 4 or less units daily NICE recommends ‘professional judgement’ Alcohol history including units/week >8u ♂ ♀ >6u 14 or less units weekly is used when interpreting AUDIT scores as AUDIT-C – if time limited in one session some people are more vulnerable to the 2 - 3 alcohol free days a week effects of alcohol e.g. low BMI, women, Drink Diary Women >65years and some ethnic groups who may 2 or less units daily not metabolise alcohol as effectively. Audit C NEGATIVE Pregnancy and 14 or less units weekly score=/<4 indicates Alcohol 2 alcohol free days a week drinking at safe (No alcohol advised during pregnancy) Patient leaflets and useful links e.g. AA levels Audit C POSITIVE Dependent drinkers/those with score=/>5 significant liver disease Recovery in Camden Guide Driving advice Abstinence - no drinks are safe Down Your Drink – online patient tool Full Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test AUDIT Optional for primary care Harmful drinking Low risk drinking Hazardous drinking ≥35 units/wk ♀ <35 units/wk ♀ <35 units/wk ♀ ≥50 units/wk ♂ Assess severity of <50 units/wk <50 units/wk ♂ ♂ or Full Audit >16 alcohol dependence and Audit C <5 and Audit C ≥5 (≥20 suggests alcohol SADQ or Full Audit <7 or Full Audit 8-15 dependence) Recommend enhanced liver fibrosis (ELF) test Recommend enhanced liver Reinforce benefits of with referral to hepatology if ELF ≥9.8. fibrosis (ELF) test with referral to lower risk drinking – hepatology if ELF ≥9.8. If ELF <9.8 consider reassessment (including 16-30 31 or more no action required ELF) in 1-3 years if ongoing alcohol excess If ELF <9.8 consider <16 mild reassessment (including ELF) in moderate severe Offer brief intervention dependency dependency dependency Follow-up: GP/ practice nurse or alcohol worker 1-3 years if ongoing alcohol excess. Assess /consider LFTs, FBC, prothrombin time, +/- hep Refer screen, US scan liver/spleen and prescribing thiamine. Integrated Camden Alcohol Service Forward – FWD for < 25yrs Red Flags – urgent referral to Refer Integrated Camden Alcohol Service for medical registrar RFH bleep 2527or Extended Brief intervention /Treatment hepatology RFH bleep 2530/ UCLH duty gastro Acute alcohol withdrawal with or at high risk of Forward – FWD for < 25 yrs Optional – GPs with training / alcohol withdrawal seizures or delirium tremens experience -can do community alcohol Jaundice, ascites, acute pancreatitis or GI bleeding Refer via primary care based mental health team detoxification (assisted withdrawal) in Encephalopathy (confusion) if concerns regarding significant mental health suitable patients <75yrs Urgent referral to crisis team (0333 200 7193) problems are identified This should be accompanied by Suicidal intent or serious risk to others (lower level associated mental health issues can be psychosocial interventions (+/- police referral) assessed by Integrated Camden Alcohol Service) Severe psychotic symptoms Drugs used in detox Routes off the Streets – support for rough sleepers Formal withdrawal assessment tool CIWA-Ar Routine hepatology referral Chlordiazepoxide- except if severe SHP recovery and social inclusion service Evidence of cirrhosis/fibrosis on scan liver disease/or >75yrs Persisting low platelets <130, prolonged Lorazepam/Oxazepam then used in prothrombin time, increased bilirubin (not Gilberts), specialist setting persistently significantly elevated LFTs Carbamazepine (unlicensed) – useful Splenomegaly in patients presenting already in state Stigmata of chronic liver disease - spider naevi of withdrawal Suspected chronic pancreatitis Relapse prevention meds Acamprosate Naltrexone Disulfiram References: SIGN Management of Harmful drinking and alcohol dependence in primary care http://cks.nice.org.uk/alcohol-problem-drinking NICE guideline CG115 – alcohol – use disorders: diagnosis, assessment and management of harmful drinking NICE guideline CG100 - alcohol - use disorders Diagnosis and clinical management of alcohol-related physical complications For alcohol hepatology queries contact For community alcohol queries contact Dr Punukollu Approved: 2014 MMT, MHPIG,RFH Hepatology Professor Kevin Moore [email protected] [email protected] Reviewed: 2016 + Dec 2019 MMT, Clinical cabinet Tel: 0207 794 0500 extn: 36167 Tel: 0203 227 4950 Next review due Dec 2022 Who to screen Alcohol screening should be an integral part of professional practice to identify those with alcohol use problems New patient registration When screening for other problems – e.g. at health check When monitoring chronic disease Those with relevant physical/mental health complaints During medication reviews Patients who have been assaulted Those at risk of self‐harm When promoting sexual health During antenatal appointments Presenting with minor injuries or history of accidents/minor trauma/falls Incidental findings which may be relevant e.g. blood results – raised LFTs, MCV, low platelet count, examination findings > 5 spider naevi, palmar erythema, hepatomegaly or splenomegaly Active request for help Back to Pathway https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/684824/ Alcohol_use_disorders_identification_test_for_primary_care__AUDIT_PC_.pdf Back to Pathway Back to Pathway SEVERITY OF ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE QUESTIONAIRE (SADQ-C) NAME____________________________________AGE____________No._______ DATE: _____________ Please recall a typical period of heavy drinking in the last 6 months. When was this? Month Year Please answer all the following questions about your drinking by circling your most appropriate response. During that period of heavy drinking 1. The day after drinking alcohol, I woke up feeling sweaty. ALMOST NEVER SOMETIMES OFTEN NEARLY ALWAYS 2. The day after drinking alcohol, my hands shook first thing in the morning. ALMOST NEVER SOMETIMES OFTEN NEARLY ALWAYS 3. The day after drinking alcohol, my whole body shook violently first thing in the morning if I didn't have a drink. ALMOST NEVER SOMETIMES OFTEN NEARLY ALWAYS 4. The day after drinking alcohol, I woke up absolutely drenched in sweat. ALMOST NEVER SOMETIMES OFTEN NEARLY ALWAYS 5. The day after drinking alcohol, I dread waking up in the morning. ALMOST NEVER SOMETIMES OFTEN NEARLY ALWAYS 6. The day after drinking alcohol, I was frightened of meeting people first thing in the morning. ALMOST NEVER SOMETIMES OFTEN NEARLY ALWAYS 7. The day after drinking alcohol, I felt at the edge of despair when I awoke. ALMOST NEVER SOMETIMES OFTEN NEARLY ALWAYS 8. The day after drinking alcohol, I felt very frightened when I awoke. ALMOST NEVER SOMETIMES OFTEN NEARLY ALWAYS 9. The day after drinking alcohol, I liked to have an alcoholic drink in the morning. ALMOST NEVER SOMETIMES OFTEN NEARLY ALWAYS 10. The day after drinking alcohol, I always gulped my first few alcoholic drinks down as quickly as possible. ALMOST NEVER SOMETIMES OFTEN NEARLY ALWAYS 11. The day after drinking alcohol, I drank more alcohol to get rid of the shakes. ALMOST NEVER SOMETIMES OFTEN NEARLY ALWAYS 12. The day after drinking alcohol, I had a very strong craving for a drink when I awoke. ALMOST NEVER SOMETIMES OFTEN NEARLY ALWAYS 13. I drank more than a quarter of a bottle of spirits in a day (OR 1 bottle of wine OR 8 units of beers). Back to Pathway ALMOST NEVER SOMETIMES OFTEN NEARLY ALWAYS 14. I drank more than half a bottle of spirits per day (OR 1.5 bottles of wine OR 15 units of beer). ALMOST NEVER SOMETIMES OFTEN NEARLY ALWAYS 15. I drank more than one bottle of spirits per day (OR 3 bottles of wine OR 30 units of beer). ALMOST NEVER SOMETIMES OFTEN NEARLY ALWAYS 16. I drank more than two bottles of spirits per day (OR 6 bottles of wine OR 60 units of beer) ALMOST NEVER SOMETIMES OFTEN NEARLY ALWAYS Imagine the following situation: 1. You have been completely off drink for a few weeks 2. You then drink very heavily for two days How would you feel the morning after those two days of drinking? 17. I would start to sweat. NOT AT ALL SLIGHTLY MODERATELY QUITE A LOT 18. My hands would shake. NOT AT ALL SLIGHTLY MODERATELY QUITE A LOT 19. My body would shake. NOT AT ALL SLIGHTLY MODERATELY QUITE A LOT 20. I would be craving for a drink. NOT AT ALL SLIGHTLY MODERATELY QUITE A LOT SCORE _________ CHECKED BY: ALCOHOL DETOX PRESCRIBED: YES/NO NOTES ON THE USE OF THE SADQ Scoring Answers are rated on a four-point scale: The Severity of Alcohol Dependence Questionnaire was developed by the Almost never- 0 , Sometimes -1, Often -2, Nearly always - 3 Addiction Research Unit at the Maudsley Hospital. It is a measure of the A score of 31 or higher indicates "severe alcohol dependence". severity of dependence. The AUDIT questionnaire, by contrast, is used to A score of 16 -30 indicates "moderate dependence" assess whether or not there is a problem with dependence. A score of below 16 usually indicates only a mild physical dependency. The SADQ questions cover the following aspects of dependency syndrome: A chlordiazepoxide detoxification regime is usually indicated for someone who scores 16 or over. physical withdrawal symptoms affective withdrawal symptoms It is essential to take account of the amount of alcohol that the patient reports relief drinking drinking prior to admission as well as the result of the SADQ. frequency of