EXPLORING EXODUS BIBLE STUDY TEXTBOOK SERIES EXPLORING EXODUS Wilbur Fields College Press, Joplin, Missoati Copyright 0 1976 College Press Second Printing 1986 Lovingly Dedicated to the staff, students, and alumni of OZARK BIBLE COLLEGE Joplin, Missouri V PREFACE EXPLORINGEXODUS FIVE LAYERS OF HELP FOR STUDY EXPLORINGEXODUS is a chapter-by-chapter study of Exodus. To guide you in the exploration of Exodus, five layers of help are provided: 1. A set of QUESTIONS on each chapter is provided. These may be used for group or individual study. Almost all the questions can be answered from the Bible. 2. Several OUTLINES on each chapter follow the questions. These are designed to help you in teaching the material, or to assist you in gaining quick comprehension of the chapters. 3. Extensive NOTES on the Bible text and related material are given. These notes are introduced by questions which should draw the mind to the point of the passages under consider- ation. These notes are comprehensive. They have been prepared after consulting commentators with many points of view, The Hebrew and Greek texts of Exodus are referred to very often. The Bible text used is the quite-literal American Standard Version (1901). 4. Numerous photographs, charts, and original MAPS are included. 5. Several SPECIAL STUDIES on such topics as the Ten Com- mandments, the Red Sea, and the Sabbath Day are given in the introductory sections and at various places in the text. We present this book with many prayers that it will help you to explore Exodus with joy and to discover its innumerable blessings. vi TABLE OF CONTENTS Dedication, ,,, , , . ,.. ,,. , , , , . , . , . I,,I. I I.,, , v Preface . , , . , , , , , , , , , . , , , , , , , , . , , . , , , , , . , , . , , , , , vi Table of Contents , , , , , , . , , , , , . , . , , , , . , . , , , . , . , , . vii Pictures, Maps, and Charts,,, , I ,., . , . , . , , , . ,,, ix Introductory Section I Let’s Explore Exodusl , , , , . , , , . , . , , , , , . , , , , , . , 1 Introductory Section I1 Themes of Exodus: Redemption and Nationhood , , , , , , 2 Introductory Section I11 Names and Outlines of Exodus, , . , , , . , . , . , , , . , , 4 Introductory Section IV Who Wrote Exodus? , I , . , , , . , . , , , , , , , , , . , . , , , . , , 11 Introductory Section V The Date, of the exodus , , , ,, , , . , . , , , . , . , , , , . , , : 18 Introductory Section VI Israel’s Route (Journey) From Egypt to Sinai . ... , . , I 33 Introductory Section VI1 Red Sea or Reed Sea? . , . , , . , . , . , . , . , , . , I I , . 44 Introductory Section VlII One Hundred Facts About God That Are Made Known in Exodus., , . , . , . , . I , . + ,.. I, , 49 Chapter One ...,.,..,,.,, ~.,,..II,~.,.,,l..o.l..II 54 Chapter Two., , , , . , , . , . , , , . , , , . , , I.. ,. , . I 69 Chapter Three,,. , . , , , . , , . , , , . , . ,, . I 87 Chapter Four , . , . , , , , , , , , , . , , , . , . , . 104 Chapter Five , . , . , , , , , , . , , , , . , , , . , :. , . 123 Chapter Six,,, . , , , . , , , , . , . , . , , . , . 136 Chapter Seven, , , , . , , . , , . , . , . , , , , . , , . 152 Chapter Eight , , , , . , , . , , . , , , a . , , . I . I . 178 Chapter Nine.. , , , , , . , , . , . , ... , , I I.,. , . , . I.... 194 Chapter Ten . , , , , , . , . , . , , , . I I . I I , . 211 Chapter Eleven, , , , . , , . , , , . , . , , , I . , . 225 Chapter Twelve., , , . , , . , , , . , , . , , , *, . , . ,. , . 232 Chapter Thirteen . , , . , , . , . I , ,. 272 Chapter Fourteen , . , , . , , , , , , , , , , , . , , . , . , . , . I . 291 Chapter Fifteen, . , , I , , , , , , , , . , , , , . , I . , . 314 Chapter Sixteen , , . , , , , , , . , , , , , , a , I . , . , , . ,., 334 vii EXPLORING EXODUS Chapter Seventeen .................................. 355 Chapter Eighteen ................................... 373 Chapter Nineteen ................................... 388 Chapter Twenty .................................... 407 Chapter Twenty-one ................................. 448 Chapter Twenty-two .................................477 Chapter Twenty-three ............................... 498 Chapter Twenty-four ................................524 Chapter Twenty-five ................................. 544 Chapter Twenty-six .................................584 Chapter Twenty-seven ............................... 605 Chapter Twenty-eight................................ 622 Chapter Twenty-nine ................................645 Chapter Thirty .....................................668 Chapter Thirty-one ..................................688 Chapter Thirty-two .................................. 700 Chapter Thirty-three ................................ 730 Chapter Thirty-four ................................. 746 Chapter Thirty-five .................................. 765 Chapter Thirty-six .................................. 777 Chapter Thirty-seven ................................ 781 Chapter Thirty-eight ................................ 784 Chapter Thirty-nine ................................. 792 Chapter Forty ...................................... 798 Index ............................................. 809 viii PICTURES. MAPS. CHARTS 1. EXODUS: The Making of a Holy Nation. .....Inside cover 2. Exodus Chapter Topics ........................ .3A-3B 3. Head ofThutmose 111 ............................. 17 4. Head of Amenhotep I1 ............................ 17 5. Kings of Egyptian Eighteenth Dynasty ............... 21 6. Map: Egypt and Israel's Exodus., ................. 34A 7. Map: Red Sea Crossing Place ..................... 34B 8 . Map: Journey to Sinai., .......................... 34C 9 . Nile Delta (satellite view) ........................ 34D 10. Sinai Peninsula (satellite view). .................... 34E 11. Map: Israel's Passage to Sinai ..................... 34F 12. Map: Mt . Sinai................................. 34G 13. Shepherd before Mt . Sinai........................ 34H 14. Paprusreed ...................................... 47 15* Egyptian Brickmakers and Brickmaking ............. 48 16. Moses. A Type of Christ .......................... 108A 17. Israel. A Type of the Church ...................... 108B 18. Mud Brick at Beersheba ......................... 152A 19. The Sphinx .................................... 152A 20 . A Herd of Cattle in the Old Kingdom ..............152B 21. Egyptian gods attacked in the ten plagues ........174-177 Hapi. god of the Nile ...................... 174 Hathor .................................. 174 Apis bull. ................................ 175 Imhotep ................................. 175 Amon-Re ................................ 176 Ra ...................................... 176 The Celestial Cow ......................... 177 22. The Springs of Moses ('Ayun Musa) ..........'. ....330A 23 . Elim (Wadi Gharandel) ........................... 330B 24 . Exit of Wadi Feiran ....................... i' . 362A 25. Wadi Feiran ................................... 362A 26 . Oasis in Wadi Feiran ............................ 362B 27 . Mt . Serbal ..................................... 362B 28 . Mt . Sinai.. .................................... 394A 29 . Mt . Sinai ridge ................................. 394A 30 . Monastery of St . Catherine ....................... 394B ix I.. I.. .. ..... ~---~.__~_-____-. EXPLORING EXODUS 31 . Plain before Ras Safsafeh (Mt . Sinai) ..............394B 32 . Altar at Megiddo ............................... 444A 33 Altar at Petra 444A . .- -. .................................. 34 . Trapping Quails .................................444B 35. General view of Tabernacle and Court .............550A 36 . Encampments of Israel around the Tabernacle ......550A 37 . Ground Plan of Tabernacle and Court .............550B 38 . Acacia Tree .................................... 550B 39. Ark of the Covenant. ............................566A 40 . Table of Showbread ............................. 566A 41. Lampstand (Menorah) ........................... 566B 42 . Tabernacle Building Showings its Boards ...........590A 43. Tabernacle Building with Coverings ...............590A 44 . Floor Plan of Tabernacle ......................... 590A 45. A Tabernacle Board with its Tenons and Sockets ....590A 46 . Innermost Curtains of the Tabernacle ..............590B 47 . Altar of Burnt-offering........................... 610A 48. High Priest ..................................... 610B 49 . Altar of Incense ................................. 676A 50 . Laver .......................................... 676B 51 . Laver of Solomon’s Temple ....................... 676B X LET’S EXPLORE EXODUS! INTRODUCTORYSECTION I LET’S EXPLORE EXODUS! Consider the greatness of Exodus. “Nearly all the foundations of which JEWISH life is built- the Ten Commandments, the historic festivals, the leading prin- ciples of civil law-are contained in the book of Exodus.”J The importance of Exodus is not confined to the Jews alone. CHRISTIANS recognize the events in Exodus as having been written “by way of example” for our learning (I Cor. 10:ll). The bondage in Egypt illustrates our former bondage in sin. Moses is like unto Jesus Christ in many respects (Deut. 18:15; Acts 3:22; 7:37). Israel’s deliverance across the Red Sea was a “baptism unto Moses” and illustrates our “baptism into Christ” (I Cor. 10:2; Gal. 3:27). Israel’s failures in their wilderness journey were recorded that we might not fall into the same example of disobedience (Heb. 4: 11). The tabernacle, which is so prominent in Exodus 25-40, was a “figure for the time present” (Heb. 9:9). The greatness of Exodus radiates benefits