The Vascular Plants of Massachusetts: The Vascular Plants of Massachusetts: A County Checklist • First Revision Melissa Dow Cullina, Bryan Connolly, Bruce Sorrie and Paul Somers Somers Bruce Sorrie and Paul Connolly, Bryan Cullina, Melissa Dow Revision • First A County Checklist Plants of Massachusetts: Vascular The A County Checklist First Revision Melissa Dow Cullina, Bryan Connolly, Bruce Sorrie and Paul Somers Massachusetts Natural Heritage & Endangered Species Program Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife Natural Heritage & Endangered Species Program The Natural Heritage & Endangered Species Program (NHESP), part of the Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife, is one of the programs forming the Natural Heritage network. NHESP is responsible for the conservation and protection of hundreds of species that are not hunted, fished, trapped, or commercially harvested in the state. The Program's highest priority is protecting the 176 species of vertebrate and invertebrate animals and 259 species of native plants that are officially listed as Endangered, Threatened or of Special Concern in Massachusetts. Endangered species conservation in Massachusetts depends on you! A major source of funding for the protection of rare and endangered species comes from voluntary donations on state income tax forms. Contributions go to the Natural Heritage & Endangered Species Fund, which provides a portion of the operating budget for the Natural Heritage & Endangered Species Program. NHESP protects rare species through biological inventory, environmental review, research and restoration. For more information about the Fund and the conservation work performed by NHESP, please contact: Natural Heritage & Endangered Species Program Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife 1 Rabbit Hill Rd. Westborough, MA 01581 508-389-6360 Or visit our website: http://www.mass.gov/dfwele/dfw/nhesp/nhesp.htm About the authors: Bryan Connolly is currently State Botanist with the Natural Heritage & Endangered Species program and is the Recording Secretary for the New England Botanical Club. He also moonlights as a Ph.D. candidate in the Plant Science Department at the University of Connecticut. His previous botanical adventures include working for the New England Wildflower Society, Connecticut College, and consulting for the Connecticut Natural History and Geological Survey. He resides in Mansfield Center, Connecticut. Melissa Dow Cullina worked as Botanist at the Natural Heritage & Endangered Species Program for eight years (2000-2008). Currently she is Staff Botanist at Coastal Maine Botanical Gardens and Botanical Research Associate for the Polly Hill Arboretum. She also serves on the Herbarium Committee of the New England Botanical Club, and is a member of the editorial board of the journal Rhodora. Her primary interests include plant collection, botanical history, and New England's aquatic and coastal flora. She lives on Southport Island, Maine. Paul Somers worked as State Botanist for the Massachusetts Natural Heritage & Endangered Species Program for 15 years (1992-2007) and held many offices with the New England Botanical Club including the Presidency. Before that he was a botanist for 15 years (1976-1992) with the Tennessee Heritage Program. Both positions gave him the opportunity to pursue his strong interests in botany and conservation which continue with land trust activities in "retirement." He lives in Ashburnham, Massachusetts. Bruce Sorrie worked for 12 years as State Botanist with Natural Heritage & Endangered Species Program (1979-1991), where he developed and revised the list of the state's rare plant species. He currently works as an Inventory Biologist with the North Carolina Natural Heritage Program where he performs county-by-county surveys of natural areas, plant communities, and rare species. Bruce is author of over 50 published papers, a regional reviewer for the Flora of North America series, a Research Associate at the University of North Carolina Herbarium, and a photographer. He lives in Whispering Pines, North Carolina. Cover Illustration: The authors greatly appreciated the skillful and kind donation of the cover art by Elizabeth Farnsworth: Potamogeton confervoides This work is dedicated to Henry L. Woolsey To honor his 30 years with the Natural Heritage & Endangered Species Program, for guiding its biodiversity conservation efforts, and with particular gratitude for his ongoing commitment to the protection of the rare plants and natural communities of Massachusetts. ii iii Table ofTable Contents of Contents IntroductionIntroduction………………………………………………………………….. ............................................................................................................. iv About the Checklist...............................................................………………………………………………………….................................. v New to this EditionEdition…………………………………………………… ....................................................................................... v OrganizationOrganization………………………………………………………… ................................................................................................ vi County DDistributionistribution………………………………………………….. ............................................................... .......................vi Native, Introduced,Introduced, and and Waif Waif Taxa………………………………… Taxa ............................................................... vi Status…………………………………………………………………………. Status...........................................................................................................vii S-ranks……………………………………………………………………… S-ranksCommon ............................................................... Names……………………………………………………........................................... viii CommonAbbreviations Names and ...............................................................other Conventions…………………………….............................. ix Abbreviations and other Conventions ..........................................................ix Information Exchange……………………………………………………… Information Exchange............................................................................................. xi Summary of Taxa……………………………………………… ………………. Summary of Taxa .................................................................................................... xii Acknowledgements………………………………………………………… Acknowledgements ................................................................................................ xiii The Vascular Plants of Massachusetts: A County Checklist The VascularLycophytes Plants (Clubmosses of Massachusetts: and Relatives A County)……………………………………… Checklist ……1 Lycophytes Monilophytes (Clubmosses (Ferns andand Relatives)Horsetails)……………………………………………… ............................................................... 4 1 MonilophytesGymnosperms (Ferns (Conifers)and Horsetails)……………………………………………………………..11 ......................................................................4 Magnoliid Complex (Primitive Flowering Plants)…………………………………...13 GymnospermsMonocots (Conifers) (Flowering ............................................................... Plants: Monocots)...……………………………………........................…….1511 MagnoliidTricolpates Complex (Flowering (Primitive Plants: Flowering most Dicots)Plants)………………………………… ....................................................……...7913 Monocots (Flowering Plants: Monocots) ................................................................15 TricolpatesSpecies Exclusia (Floweringe……………………………………………………… Plants: most Dicots) ...........................................................……………………244 79 SpeciesUnverified Exclusiae Reports……………………………………………………………………………246 .................................................................................................. 244 UnverifiedLiterature Cited Reports……………………………………………………………... ...............................................................................................................248246 Index…………………………………………………………………………………. .251 Literature Cited ....................................................................................................... 248 Map of Massachusetts Towns and Counties………………………………………… Index ............................................................... ........................................................ 251 Map of Massachusetts Towns and Counties .......................................................... 270 ii iii iii Introduction The passing of 2009 marked the 10th anniversary of the publication of The Vascular Plants of Massachusetts: A County Checklist (“the Checklist”) (Sorrie and Somers, 1999). After a decade of hard use, this much-referenced document earned its place in the backpack of every Bay State botanist, and dog-eared, marked-up copies abound throughout the 14 counties. Supplies of the original Checklist dwindled as the decade progressed, and the Natural Heritage & Endangered Species Program (NHESP), publisher of the Checklist, decided the time was ripe for a freshly-revised edition of the work. This volume is the result of that endeavor, and combines the research and compilation efforts of four past and present NHESP botanists, as well as the new record contributions of many individuals. The time lapsed since the publication the original Checklist proved to be an exceptionally active one for floristic botany in the Commonwealth, and harkens back to the heyday of New England botany at the turn of the previous century. The resurgence of activity in the field of