r C A REGIONAL DEMONSTRATION PROJECT FOR r- Prepared by: MANAGEMENT OF URBAN RUNOFF Merrimack Valley Planning Commission [ Metropolitan Area Planning Council Pioneer Valley Planning Commission r L r r r L_ r PREPARED FOR L MASSACHUSETTS DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION r OFFICE OF WATERSHED MANAGEMENT NONPOINT SOURCE PROGRAM AND r U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY L REGION I I I Clearing the Waters: A Regional Demonstration Project for I Management of Urban Runoff I Prepared by: Merrimack Valley Planning Commission I Metropolitan Area Planning Council Pioneer Valley Planning Commission I Prepared for: Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection I Office of Watershed Management Nonpoint Source Program I and U. S. Environmental Protection Agency Region I I Water Division, Water Quality Section I Massachusetts Executive Office of Environmental Affairs I Trudy Coxe, Secretary Department of Environmental Protection I Thomas Powers, Acting Commissioner Bureau of Resource Protection I Dean Spencer, Acting Assistant Commissioner I Office of Watershed Management Andrew Gottlieb, Director I July 1992 - September 1994 I This project has been financed partially with federal funds from the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection (DEP) under a S.319 Nonpoint Source Competitive grant The contents do not I necessarily reflect the views and policies of EPA or DEP, nor does the mention of trade I names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. I I I Acknowledgements I Connecticut River Demonstration Project Pioneer Valley Planning Commission Holyoke Urban Runoff Task Force I Project Manager: Christopher Curtis Jane Cameron, Planning Department Research & Writing: Carl Mailler Bill Fuqua, Department of Public Works Layout & Design: Shaun Hayes, Catherine Gibbs Karen Hirschberg, Conservation Commission I David Rundle, City Engineer Special thanks to: Springfield Urban Runoff task Force: I Bethany Eisenberg, Rizzo Associates, Inc. Al Chwalek, Department of Public Works Chris Collins, Conservation Commission Robert Oakes, Planning Department Phil Pike, Department of Public Works I Stan Tenerowicz, Conservation Commission Randy White, Health Department I Upper Sudbury River Stormwater Management Demonstration Project Metropolitan Area Planning Council Sudbury River Stormwater Advisory Committee I Project Manager/Author: Martin Pillsbury Silvio Baruzzi, Ashland Department of Pulic Services Cartoghraphy: Patrick O'Brian, Karen Carbone John Boland, Southborough Dept. of Public Works George Holmes, Framingham Conservation Comm. David Kutner, Framingham Planning Board I Special thanks to: Daniel Mclntyre, Hopkinton Conservation Comm. Robert F. Daylor, PE, PLS, President, Andre Navez, Hopkinton Conservation Comm. Daylor Consulting Group, Inc. Wayne Thies, Southborough Planning Department I Fred White, Hopkinton I Lake Cochichewick and KenozaReservoir Demonstration Project Merrimack Valley Planning Commission City of Haverhill Project Manager/Author: Alan Macintosh Thomas Aspell, Planning & Community Dev. Dept. I Mark Clark, Hydraulic Eng., Water Treatment Plant James Flaherty, Highway Sperintendent Joseph Giarusso, (former) Conservation Officer I Robert Moore, Conservation Administrator William Pauk, Director, Water & Wastewater Dept. I Special thanks to: Town of North Andover Scott Horsley, Principal, Horsley, Witten Inc. Dennis Bedrosian, Water Treatment Plant Operator and Storm Treat Systems Kathleen Colwell, Town Planner Chip Norton, Watershed Manager, Richard Doucette, Conservation Administrator I Cambridge Water Department Linda Hmurciak, Asst. Superintendent, Water Dept. I George Perna, Director, Dept. of Public Works The authors wish to acknowledge the assistance and cooperation of Christine Duerring and I Arthur Screpetis of the Department of Environmental Protection, Office of Watershed Management I I I I I I I I TABLE OF CONTENTS I EXECUTIVE SUMMARY I Section One: INTRODUCTION 1.0 Introduction to the Regional Demonstration Project for Management I Of Storm water Runoff 1.1 Demonstration Project for Urban Runoff Control in the I Connecticut River Basin 1.11 Project Description 1.12 Project Work Program I 1.2 Stormwater Management Demonstration Project for the Sudbury River 8 1.21 Project Description I 1.22 Project Work Program 1.3 Demonstration Project for Urban Runoff Control in the Lake I Coc hie he wick and Kenoza Reservoir Watersheds 10 1.31 Project Description 10 I 1.32 Project Work Program 11 I Section Two: PRIMER ON URBAN STORMWATER RUNOFF ISSUES 13 2.0 The Impacts of Urbanization on Stormwater 13 2.1 Typical Urban Runoff Pollutants 16 I 2.2 Urban Runoff Control Best Management Practices 19 I Section Three CASE STUDIES: INNOVATIVE URBAN RUNOFF CONTROLS 23 3.0 CASE STUDY #1: A Runoff Control System: I Lower Cost Solutions for Combined Sewer Overflows 23 3.01 Skokie, IL 24 3.02 Hartford. CT 24 I 3.1 CASE STUDY # 2: Reuse of Stormwater in a Manufacturing Process: Spalding Sports Worldwide, Chicopee, MA 25 I 3.2 CASE STUDY # 3: Developing a Stormwater Utility Ordinance. Financing Stormwater Utilities 26 I 3.3 CASE STUDY # 4: The Design of Wet Detention Basins and Constructed Wetlands for Treatment of Stormwater Runoff. I Emerald Square Mall, North Attleborough. MA 28 I iii I I Section Four: AN EVALUATION OF URBAN STORMWATER RUNOFF CONTROL OPTIONS 31 4.1 Structural Best Management Practices 31 I 4.2 Non Structural Best Management Practices 53 I Section Five: SUMMARY OF THE CONNECTICUT RIVER STORMWATER MANAGEMENT DEMONSTRATION PROJECT 67 I 5.0 Data Collection and Analysis on Urban Stormwater Problem Areas and Existing Management Practices in Springfield and Holyoke 67 5.01 Data Collection and Analysis on Urban Stormwater Problem I Areas in Springfield 67 5.02 Existing Best Management Practices in Springfield 72 5.03 Data Collection and Analysis on Urban Stormwater Problem I Areas in Holyoke 75 5.04 Existing Best Management Practices in Holyoke 81 5.1 Examination of Existing Ordinances, Policies, and Programs for I Stormwater Runoff Management in Springfield and Holyoke 84 5.11 Examination of Existing Ordinances, Policies, and Programs I for Stormwater Runoff Management in Springfield 84 5.12 Examination of Existing Ordinances, Policies, and Programs for Stormwater Runoff Management in Holyoke 87 I 5.2 Recommended Urban Runoff Control Strategies for Springfield and Holyoke 90 I Section Six SUMMARY OF THE UPPER SUDBURY RIVER STORMWATER MANAGEMENT DEMONSTRATION PROJECT 109 I 6.0 Introduction 109 I 6.1 Sudbury River Stormwater Advisory Committee 109 6.2 Data Collection and Analysis of Urban Stormwater Impacts 109 I 6.21 Study Area Characterization 109 6.22 Assessment of Urban Runoff Water Quality Impacts 117 I 6.3 Review of Existing Local Stormwater Management Measures 135 6.31 Zoning 135 6.32 Site Plan Review 139 I 6.33 Subdivision Regulations 141 6.34 Erosion and Sedimentation Control 142 6.35 Conservation Commission Regulations 142 I 6.36 Board of Health Regulations 142 I IV I I I 6.4 Recommended Stormwater Management Strategies for the Upper Sudbury River Watershed Communities 142 6.41 Stormwater Management Regulations 142 I 6.42 Erosion and Sediment Controls 143 6.43 Septic System Maintenance 143 6.44 Reduced Road Salt Application , 144 I 6.45 Used Oil Collection 144 6.46 Storm Drain Stenciling 145 6.47 Water Quality Monitoring 145 I 6.48 Follow-up on Implementation of the Recommendations 146 Section Seven: SUMMARY OF THE LAKE COCHICHEWICK / KENOZA I RESERVOIR STORMWATER DEMONSTRATION PROJECT 147 7.1 Collection and Analysis of Watershed Data & Identification of I Urban Runoff Problem Areas 147 7.11 Lake Cochichewick Watershed, North Andover 147 7.12 Kenoza / Millvale Reservoir Watershed, Haverhill 148 I 7.2 Evaluation of Existing Urban Runoff Controls in the Lake Cochichewick and Kenoza Reservoir Watershed 155 I 7.21 Watershed Protection Zoning 155 7.22 Subdivision Rules and Regulations 158 7.23 Local Wetlands Protection Regulations . 159 I 7.24 Stormwater Management Regulations 160 7.25 Septic System Maintenance Regulations 160 7.26 DPW / Highway Maintenance Practices 160 7.27 Open Space Planning and Land Acquisition 161 I 7.28 Regular Water Quality Sampling of Tributaries 162 7.29 Toxic and Hazardous Materials Management 162 I 7.210 Evaluating Development Controls 164 7.3 Recommended Urban Runoff Control Strategies for the I Lake Cochichewick and Kenoza Reservoir Watersheds 165 BIBLIOGRAPHY APPENDICES 175 I 1. Proposed Stormwater Management Ordinance—Holyoke 177 2. Proposed Stormwater Management Ordinance—Springfield 185 3. North Andover Watershed Protection District Buffer Zones 193 I 4. North Andover Board of Health-Proposed Regulations for Septic System Maintenance 195 5. North Andover Watershed Protection District Bylaw 197 6. Sample Data Sheet-Lake Cochichewick Watershed Sampling Program 205 I 7. Regional Workshops on Urban Runoff-Summary 207 8. Sample Regulation-Stormwater Management 209 9. Sample Regulation—Soil Erosion and Sediment Control 215 10. Storm Drain Stenciling Fact Sheet 221 I 11. Used Oil Collection Fact Sheet 223 12. Septic System Inspection Guidelines and Model Bylaws 227 I 13. Guidelines forNPDES Stormwater Permits 235 I I I I List of Tables I Table 4-1 Comparative Applicability of Structural BMP's 50 I Table 6-1 Land Use in the upper Sudbury River Basin Study Area 112 Table 6-2 Upper Sudbury River Water Quality Data: Fecal Coliform Bacteria, 1986 115 Table 6-3 Upper Sudbury River Water Quality Data: I Suspended