CAVES OF MISSOURI J HARLEN BRETZ Vol. XXXIX, Second Series E P LU M R I U BU N S U 1956 STATE OF MISSOURI Department of Business and Administration Division of GEOLOGICAL SURVEY AND WATER RESOURCES T. R. B, State Geologist Rolla, Missouri vii CONTENT Page Abstract 1 Introduction 1 Acknowledgments 5 Origin of Missouri's caves 6 Cave patterns 13 Solutional features 14 Phreatic solutional features 15 Vadose solutional features 17 Topographic relations of caves 23 Cave "formations" 28 Deposits made in air 30 Deposits made at air-water contact 34 Deposits made under water 36 Rate of growth of cave formations 37 Missouri caves with provision for visitors 39 Alley Spring and Cave 40 Big Spring and Cave 41 Bluff Dwellers' Cave 44 Bridal Cave 49 Cameron Cave 55 Cathedral Cave 62 Cave Spring Onyx Caverns 72 Cherokee Cave 74 Crystal Cave 81 Crystal Caverns 89 Doling City Park Cave 94 Fairy Cave 96 Fantastic Caverns 104 Fisher Cave 111 Hahatonka, caves in the vicinity of 123 River Cave 124 Counterfeiters' Cave 128 Robbers' Cave 128 Island Cave 130 Honey Branch Cave 133 Inca Cave 135 Jacob's Cave 139 Keener Cave 147 Mark Twain Cave 151 Marvel Cave 157 Meramec Caverns 166 Mount Shira Cave 185 Mushroom Cave 189 Old Spanish Cave 191 Onondaga Cave 197 Ozark Caverns 212 Ozark Wonder Cave 217 Pike's Peak Cave 222 Roaring River Spring and Cave 229 Round Spring Cavern 232 Sequiota Spring and Cave 248 viii Table of Contents Smittle Cave 250 Stark Caverns 256 Truitt's Cave 261 Wonder Cave 270 Undeveloped and wild caves of Missouri 275 Barry County 275 Ash Cave 275 Blowing Cave 276 Buzzard Cave 276 Cave Spring 276 McCann Cave 276 Panther Cave 276 Pigeon Roost Cave 276 Piney Creek Cave 277 Roaring Springs Cave 277 Rockhouse Cave 277 Stansberry Cave 278 Stillhouse Cave 278 Benton County 278 Buzzard Cave Bluff 278 Cole Camp Cave 278 Boone County 279 Connor's Cave and Devil's Ice Box 280 Holton Cave 286 Kintz Cave 286 Kirby Cave 287 Rocheport Cave 288 Unnamed cave 289 Camden County 290 Arnholdt Cave 290 Bunch Cave 290 Dry Cave 291 Laswell Cave 292 Morgan Cave 292 Onyx Cave 292 Tunnel Dam Cave 292 Unnamed caves 293 Wildcat Cave 293 Carter County 293 Camp Yarn Cave 293 Cave Spring Cave 293 Deerhorn Cave 293 Granite Quarry Cave 293 Lost Man Cave 294 Midco Cave 294 Midco Spring 295 Richbark Cave 295 Secesh Cave 296 Spout Spring Cave 296 Cedar County 296 Stockton Cave 296 Christian County 297 Baldknobbers' Cave 297 ix Table of Contents Finley Cave 297 Fitzpatrick Cave 297 Garrison Cave 298 Johnson Cave 298 Shelf Cave 298 Smallin Cave 298 Woody Cave 300 Clay County 301 Mosby Cave 301 Cole County 302 Arch Cave 302 Crabtree Cave 302 Natural Bridge Cave 302 Crawford County 303 Bat Cave 303 Bear Cave 303 Fault Cave 303 Puckett Cave 304 Unnamed caves 304 Dade County 304 Unnamed cave 304 Dent County 305 Ashley Cave 305 Black Cave 305 Indian Hill Cave 305 Guthoerl Cave 305 Indian Hill Cave 305 Marsh Cave 306 Money Cave 306 Saltpeter Cave 307 Short Bend Cave 307 Unnamed cave 307 Watson Cave 307 Douglas County 307 Brown's Cave 308 Franklin County 309 Bat Cave 309 Bear Cave 310 Eddy Cave 310 Greene Cave 310 Indian Cave 311 Mud Cave 311 Sheep Cave 311 Unnamed caves 311 Walker Cave 311 Gasconade County 312 Cave Hill Cave 312 Greene County 314 Ash Grove Cave 314 Fulbright Spring and Cave 315 Jones Cave 317 Lake Cave 317 Lapham Caves 317 Little Yosemite Cave 317 x Table of Contents Mason Cave 317 Steury Cave 317 Winoka Spring and Cave 318 Hickory County 318 Almon Cave 318 Howard County 320 Jackman Cave 320 Howell County 321 Stalactite Cave 321 Onyx Cave 324 Jackson County 324 James Brothers' Cave 324 Jasper County 324 Crystal Cave 325 Ku Klux Cave 325 Jefferson County 326 Rice Cave 326 Unnamed cave 328 Laclede County 329 Howell Cave 329 Saltpeter Cave 330 Lawrence County 330 Unnamed cave 330 Lincoln County 331 Foley Cave 331 Gentry Cave 331 Maries County 332 Boulware Cave 332 Daniel Caves 332 Hurricane Bluff Cave 332 Indian Ford Cave 332 James Brothers' Cave 334 Lackaye's Bluff Cave 334 Natural Bridge 334 Ramsay Cave 334 Stratman Cave 334 Marion County 335 Bootleggers' Cave 335 Murphy's Cave 335 Ure's Cave 335 McDonald County 335 Bluffdwellers'Cave 335 Jacob's Cave 336 Long Cave 336 Mystery Cave 336 Panther Cave 337 Polar Bear Cave 338 Saltpeter Cave 338 Shingle Hollow Cave 338 Miller County 338 Bagnell Cave 338 Barnett Cave 338 xi Table of Contents Bat Cave 339 Beckman Cave 339 Ben Bode Cave 339 Bone Cave 339 Daerhoff Cave 339 Flanders Cave 339 Jurggenmeyer Cave 340 Kemma Cave 340 Klinger's Cave 340 Klug's Cave 341 Luckenhoff Cave 341 Miller County Cave 341 Ramsay Cave 341 Unnamed caves 341 Wilson Cave 342 Wright Cave 343 Moniteau County 345 Bruce Cave 345 Unnamed caves 347 Morgan County 347 Chairback Cave 347 Dry Branch Cave 348 Purvis Cave 348 Spears Cave 348 Newton County 348 Ben Lassiter Cave 348 Jolly Cave 348 Neosho Big Spring Park Cave 349 Panther Den Cave 349 Oregon County 349 Bat Cave 350 Big Mouth Cave 350 Grand Gulf 350 Greer Springs and Cave 355 Kelly Hollow Cave 357 Marble Cave 357 Trantham Cave 357 Turner Spring and Cave 357 Unnamed cave 358 Osage County 358 Homan Cave 358 River Cave 359 Steuffer Cave 359 Tunnel Cave 359 Unnamed cave 359 Ozark County 359 Bear Caves 360 Bear Mountain Cave 361 Cold Cave 361 Cowpen Hollow Cave 361 Cropper Cave 361 Fogey Cave 361 Ozark Cave 361 Peter Cave 362 xii Table of Contents Pontiac Cave 362 Potato Cave 362 Unnamed cave 362 Perry County 363 Beer Cave and Cashion Cave 363 Harrington Cave 363 Lost Cave 365 Phelps County 365 Arlington Cave 365 Ash Spring Cave 365 Bell Bluff Cave 365 Belton Cave 366 Berry Hance Cave 366 Black Cave 366 Black Cave 366 Brookshire Cave 366 Castleman Cave 366 Cave Spring Cave 367 Easter Cave 367 Gottschall Cave 367 Gourd Creek Cave 367 Granny Baker Cave 369 Hamilton Cave 370 Hanley Cave 370 Haven Cave 371 Hide Hollow Cave 371 Jake Hollow Cave 371 Jim Phelps Cave 371 Jones Cave 371 Kaintuck Tunnel 371 Lamar Cave 372 Lennox Cave 372 Light Cave 372 Little Beaver Cave 373 Marcellus Cave 373 Mareno Cave 374 Marsh Cave 374 McClure Cave 374 McCormick Cave 74 Mill Creek Cave 375 Moke Cave 375 Muench Cave 375 Mungy Cave 377 Phelps Cave 377 Pillman Cave 378 Piney Spring Cave 378 Poole Hollow Cave 378 Relfe Cave 378 Renaud Cave 379 St James Tunnel 380 Saltpeter Cave 381 Schoolhouse Cave 381 Shallow Cave 382 Shelton Cave 382 Spencer Cave 382 xiii Table of Contents Tick Creek Cave 382 Treeman Cave 383 Turner Cave 383 Unnamed caves 383 Wild Hog Cave 383 Wilkins Cave 384 Windy Cave 384 Yancy Mills Cave 384 Pike County 384 Buzzard Cave 384 Cave Creek Cave 385 Moore Cave 385 Shy Cave 385 Stillhouse Cave 385 Tapley Cave 386 Woodson Cave 386 Pulaski County 386 Ash Cave 386 Ballard Cave 387 Bat Cave 387 Bell's Cave 389 Berry Cave 389 Biscuit Bluff Caves 389 Blue Springs Cave 390 Breeden Cave 390 Brooks Cave 390 Brown Cave 390 Bruce Cave 390 Bucher Cave 392 Bushwhacker Cave 392 Campbell Cave 392 Campground Cave 394 Cave Lodge Cave 394 Clark Cave 394 Clemmons Creek Cave 395 Cox Cave 396 Crane Island Cave 396 Crismon Cave 396 Davis Caves 396 Dead Man Cave 396 Decker Cave 397 Double Cave 397 Doyle Cave 398 Dry Creek Cave 399 Dye Cave 399 Finley Cave 399 Fish Dam Creek Cave 399 Freeman's Cave 399 Gier Cave 400 Graham Cave 400 Grempczynski Cave 400 Hamilton Cave 401 Hancock Cave 401 Hancock Cave 401 Henshaw Cave 402 xiv Table of Contents Jacob's Cave 402 Jim Jones Cave 402 Johnson Cave 402 Kelly Cave 403 Kempton Cave 403 Kerr Cave 403 Kiesewetter Cave 404 Lane's Cave 404 Lipscomb Cave 404 Little Cave 404 Little Freeman Cave 404 Logan Cave 404 Lost Cave 404 McCann Cave 405 McWilliams Cave 405 Martin Cave 405 Merrell Cave 405 Miller Cave 406 Miller Cave 406 Mix Cave 409 Mud Cave 409 Onyx Cave 411 Peterson Cave 411 Phillips Cave 412 Piney Cave 413 Railroad Cave 415 Ramsey's Cave 418 Red Bluff Cave 418 Richland Cave 418 Riddle Cave 419 Riverview Cave 419 Roach Cave 420 Rollins Caves 420 Ross Cave 420 Ryden Cave, Sealed Cave, and Stockpen Cave 420 Sell Cave 422 Sieb Cave 422 Skaggs Cave 423 Spring Cave 423 Spring Branch Cave 424 Steckle Caves 424 Sweet Potato Cave 424 Trower Cave 424 Tunnel Cave 424 Twin Cave 427 Twin Cave 427 Willie Lane Cave 427 Wilson Cave 427 Wingo Cave 427 Woodruff Cave 428 Yoark Cave 428 Woodruff Cave 428 Yoark Cave 428 Ralls County 428 Fisher Cave 429 xv Table of Contents Reynolds County 431 Cave Spring 431 Wicks Cave 431 Ripley County 431 Lewis Cave 431 St Clair County 432 Bat Cave 432 Boy Scout Camp Cave 432 Cleveland Cave 433 Monegaw Cave 434 Rockhouse Cave 434 St Francois County 434 Unnamed caves 434 Ste Genevieve County 435 Elsner Caves 435 Saltpeter Cave 435 Zell Cave 435 St Louis County 436 Clausmann Cave 436 Cliff Cave 436 Rankin Cave 437 Schneider's Cave 438 Stifel Cave 438 Uhrig's Cave 438 Unnamed caves 438 Shannon County 439 Banker Cave 439 Bat Cave 439 Big Creek Cave 439 Branson Cave 439 Cave Hollow Cave 441 Cave Spring 441 Cave Spring Cave 444 Cookstove Cave 444 Cyclops Cave 444 Devil's Wel 445 Jam Up Cave 445 Medlock Cave 446 Powder Mill Creek Cave 446 Sinkin Cave 446 Welch Spring and Cave 448 Whaley Cave 450 Stoddard County 450 Bland Cave 450 Forked Cave 450 Rockhouse Cave 450 Stone County 450 Breadtray Cave 451 Gentry Cave 451 Hermit's Cave 452 Indian Creek Cave 453 Keithley Cave 453 Massey Cave 453 Mill Cave 453 xvi Table of Contents Pine Run Cave 454 Reynard Cave 454 Saltpeter Cave 454 Sugar Tree Hollow Cave 454 Taney County 454 Cathedral Cave 454 Wildcat Cave 455 Texas County 455 Anderson Cave 455 Bat Cave 455 Bearclaw Cave 455 Blankenship Cave 455 Brandon Cave 456 Bushwhacker Cave