DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE OE FORM 6000, 2/611 OFFICE OF EDUCATION ER I C ACC. NO. tint.rctrurcI tit.UML. ED 030 017 I S DOCUMENTCOP YR IGHTED? YES CI NO CI CH ACC. NO, P.A.PUBL. OATE I SSUE ERICREPRODUCTION RELEASE? YES 0 NOMI AA 000 377 2430Jun69 RIENOV69 LEVELOF AVAI LABI L I TY 1 0 "0 1110 AUTHOR I Suydam, Maril n N.- RIedeselC. Alan TITLE Interpretive Study of Research and Developmentin Elementary School Mathematics. Volume 2: Compilation of ResearchReports. SOURCE CODEI NSTITUTION SOURCE SYN71840 Pennsylvania State Univ., UniversityPark SP. AG. CODESPONSORS NG AGENCY RMQ66004 Office of Education MEW Washington, D.C. Bureau of Research EORaPRICE CONTRACT NO. GRANT NO. 1.25;16.65 OEG-0-9-480586-1352(010) REPORT NO, BUREAU NO. BR-8-0586 AVAI LAB! LI TY JOURNAL CITATION DESCRIPTIVE NOTE 321p. DESCR I g"I'OR S *Elementary School Mathematics;*Mathematics Instruction; *ResearchProjects; Educational Research; *Developmeat;Curriculum; *Research Utilization I DENTI Fl ERS ABSTRACT This volume of the Final Reporton the Interpretive Study of Research and Development in Elementary SchoolMathematics co Atins materials whichare most appropriate for the researcher. Whetherh( is working at the pre-doctoral level or the post-doctoral level,the researcher has a recurrent needto know the results of previous research, andthe status of the topic to be explored. One of the difficulties whichany researcher faces is locating those studies which will be of mostuse to him. Prior to this time,no single source of information on research in elementaryschool mathematics was available. Instead there were varioustypes of lists, no one of which was completeor current. The compilation ofreports of research on elementary school mathematics was begun in a dissertationby Suydam in which 799reports are categorized, annotated, and evaluated.This volume extends this compilation, with 306 additional reports listed.This represents an updatingto include reports published in journals between 1966 and1968, plus those with pre-1966 publication dates which-Jere not included in the first compilatior. (Authors) .. GPO 870.300 FINAL REPORT Project No. 8-0586 Grant No. 0EG-0-9-480586-1352(010) INTERPRETIVE STUDY OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL MATHEMATICS VOLUME 2: COMPILATION OF RESEARCH REPORTS Marilyn N. Suydam C. Alan Riedesel The Pennsylvania State University University Park, Pennsylvania16802 June 30, 1969 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE Office of Education Bureau of Research FINAL REPORT Project No. 8-0586 Grant No, OEG-0-9-480586-1352(010) INTERPRETIVE STUDY OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL MATHEMATICS VOLUME 2: COMPILATION OF RESEARCH REPORTS Marilyn N. Suydam C. Alan Riedesel The Pennsylvania State University University Park, Pennsylvania 16802 June 30D 1969 The research reported herein was performed pursuant to a grant with the Office of Education, U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. Contractors undertaking such projects under Government sponsorship are encouraged to express freely their professional judgment in the conduct of the project. Points of view or opinions stated do not, therefore, necessarily represent official Office of Education position or policy. U.S. DEPARTMITT OF HEALTH? EDUCATION, AND WELFARE Office of Education Bureau of Research U.S. DEPARTMENT 01 EDUCATIMaWELFARE OfFICE OF EDUCATIM TIM DOCUMENT NM 11111 mama!) DIACTIY AS WEIRD FROM TIN piliftr: ca. CalAmtATION 011611AIIII6 ITPOINTS Of VIEW OR OPINIONS SIAM 00 NOT NECESSARILY REPRESENT OFFICIAL OfFICE Of EDUCATION YOSITION OR POLICY ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The directors of this studyare very grateful to the graduate stu- dents who assisted in the vastamount of work involved. Charlotte Farris gave critical assistanceat all stages, ands, with John Howell and Richard Kohr, was responsible formuch of the analysis of the articlea. Judith Bechtel, Susan Farnum, MariaMartinez, and Evangeline Negron searched journals, summarizeddissertation and report documents, and proofread countless pages. Thanks are also due Beverly Brooks fortyping this report, and to Joyce Axtell and Donna Ford for multilithingand collating. Ta all those who gave assistance, includingthe directors of the developmental projects and Richard Elmendorfat U.S.O.E., thank you. ii OVERVIEW This Final Report of Phase I of the Interpretive Study of Research and Development in Elementary School Mathematics is bound in three volumes. Volume 1 describes the study and presents the sum- marized findings, in a form which should prove useful to teachers and principals. Volume 2, containing the compilation of categorized re- search reports, will possibly prove to be primarily of use to re- searchers. In Volume 3, reports of developmental projects are sum- marized; those teaching mathematics education courses may find these particularly helpful. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS VOLUME 2 zags ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 0 0 0 0 0 ....... 0 0 0 0 0 0 OOOOOOO ii OVERVIEW 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 C. 0 0 0 0 0 0 J 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 iii PART 1110 COMPILATION OF RESEARCH REPORTS 1 IntroductionOOOOOOOOOOO O 6 0 1 Need for Evaluation of Research 6 J 0 0 0 0 1 Instrument for Evaluating Experimental Research Reports 2 Instrument for Evaluating Survey Research Reports . 3 Explanation of Coding for the Compilation 4 The Evaluated Reports of Research on Elementary School MathematicsOOOOOOOO 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 Studies Related to Educational Objectives and Instructional Procedures 9 Studi,s Related to Topical Placement 33 Studies Related to Basic Concepts 38 Studies Related to Materials 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 63 Studies Related to Individual Differences 79 Studies Related to Evaluating Progress 0 95 Studies Related to Learning Theory 0 0 0 0 111 Studies Related to Teacher Education 0 0 0 0 131 Summaries of Dissertations, 1966-1968 0 0 0 0 167 APPENDIX A: Bibliography of Research Reports on Elementary School Mathematics, 1900-1968 217 APPENDIX B: Instrument for Evaluating Experimental Research Reports OOOOOOOOOOOOOOO 0 0 . 296 APPENDIX C: Instrument for Evaluating Survey Research Reports 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 300 APPENDIX D: Categories and Coding for Mathematical Topic 0 0 0 321 APPENDIX E: Categories and Coding for Type of Study 0 0 324 APPENDIX F: Categories and Coding for Design Paradigm 0 0 0 . 325 APPENDIX G: Categories and Coding for Statistical Procedure . 327 iv VOLUME 2 PART III: COMPILATION OF RESEARCH REPORTS Introduction This volume of the Final Report on the InterpretiveStudy of Re- search and Development in Elementary School Mathematicscontains materi- als which are most appropriate for the researcher° Whether he is work- ing at the pre-doctoral level or the post-doctorallevel, the researcher has a recurrent need to know the results ofprevious research, and the status of the topic to be explored. One of the difficulties which any researcher faces is locating those studies which will be of most useto him. Prior to this time, no single source of information onresearch in elementary school mathematics was available. Instead there were various types of lists, no one of which wascomplete or current. The compilation of reports of research onelementary school mathe- 1 matics was begun in a dissertation by Suydamin which 799 reports are categorized, annotated, and evaluated. This volume extends this com- pilation, with 305 additional reports listed. (This number includes in- stances of a single article containing two or moreresearch reports-) This represents an updating to include reportspublished in journals be- tween 1966 and 1968, plus those withpre-1966 publication dates which were not included in the firstcompilation. Need for Evaluation of Research Scrutiny of the literature reveals that, throughthe years, there have been many complaints about the deficiencies ofeducational re- search. Since research efforts vary widely in quality,the question of how much confidence can be placed in the findingsof a study is one of considerable importance. Because of this, a comprehensivecompilation and synthesis must coctain an evaluative component.This is one of the 1 Suydam, Marilyn N. An Evaluation of Journal-PublishedResearch Re- 29_Ets_on Elementary_ School Mathematics,1900-1965. (Unpublished doc- toral dissertation.) The Pennsylvania State University, 1967. significant characteristics of thepresent study (as well as the pre- vious one). It might be noted that questionnaires, whichwere answered by mathematics editors of elementary school textbooksand college profes- sors of courses on the teaching of elementary school mathematics, strongly indicated the need for knowledge of studies andresearch find- ings which are valid. With the vast amount of material being published, it is increasingly important to sift the importantfrom the unimportant, the generalizable from the non-generalizable, thegood from the poor. Instrument fLr Evaluating Experimental ResearchReports, (Marilyn N. Suydam) The Instrument for Evaluating Experimental ResearchReports was 2 developed as part of a dissertationand a previous U.S.O.E. project3 to serve as a tool in evaluating one significant type of research. The comments and criticisms made by researchers through theyears were col- lated; nine points were found to be repeated again andagain: (1) Importance or significance of the problem (2) Definition of the problem (3) Design of the study (4) Control of variables (5) Sampling procedures (6) Use of instruments (7) Analysis of data (8) Interpretation of results (9) Reporting of the research These nine points form the basis for the questions