ANNUAL OF MEDIEVAL STUDIES AT CEU AT STUDIES MEDIEVAL OF ANNUAL 25 2019 VOL. The Annual of Medieval Studies at CEU, more than any comparable annual, accomplishes the two-fold task of simultaneously publishing important scholarship and informing the wider community of the ANNUAL breadth of intellectual activities of the Department of Medieval Studies. And what a breadth it is: Across the years, to the core focus OF MEDIEVAL STUDIES on medieval Central Europe have been added the entire range from AT CEU Late Antiquity till the Early Modern Period, the intellectual history of the Eastern Mediterranean, Asian history, and cultural heritage studies. I look forward each summer to receiving my copy. vol. 25 2019 Patrick J. Geary Central European University Department of Medieval Studies Budapest Volumes of the Annual are available online at: http://www.library.ceu.hu/ams/ cceu_annualis_borito_2019_2.inddeu_annualis_borito_2019_2.indd 1 22019.06.18.019.06.18. 99:47:45:47:45 ANNUAL OF MEDIEVAL STUDIES AT CEU VOL. 25 2019 Central European University Budapest ANNUAL OF MEDIEVAL STUDIES AT CEU VOL. 25 2019 Edited by Ildikó Csepregi Central European University Budapest Department of Medieval Studies All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means without the permission of the publisher. Editorial Board Gerhard Jaritz, György Geréby, Gábor Klaniczay, József Laszlovszky, Katalin Szende, Daniel Ziemann Editor Ildikó Csepregi Proofreading Stephen Pow, Karen Stark Cover illustration Workshop of Albrecht Bouts, Diptych: Ecce Homo and Mater Dolorosa, Suermondt-Ludwig-Museum, Aachen Department of Medieval Studies Central European University H-1051 Budapest, Nádor u. 9., Hungary Postal address: H-1245 Budapest 5, P.O. Box 1082 E-mail: [email protected] Net: http://medievalstudies.ceu.edu Copies can be ordered at the Department, and from the CEU Press http://www.ceupress.com/order.html Volumes of the Annual are available online at: http://www.library.ceu.edu/ams/ ISSN 1219-0616 Non-discrimination policy: CEU does not discriminate on the basis of – including, but not limited to – race, color, national or ethnic origin, religion, gender or sexual orientation in administering its educational policies, admissions policies, scholarship and loan programs, and athletic and other school-administered programs. © Central European University Produced by Archaeolingua Foundation & Publishing House TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface ............................................................................................................. 7 I. ARTICLES AND STUDIES .................................................................... 9 Csete Katona Communication between the Viking Rus’ and the Turkic Nomads of the Steppe ................................................... 11 Stephen Pow and Yehoshua Frenkel The Use of Environmental-Climatic Theories to Explain the Expansion and Contraction of the Saljuq and Mongol Empires: Are we getting “warm” or “cold”? ......................................................... 29 Gaetano Longo Illuminating Logic: Ramon Llull’s Art as a Base for Interreligious Dialogue ....................... 53 Anna Kinde Reconsidering the Use of Ambulatories in Fourteenth-century Central European Cathedrals .............................................................. 66 Olga Kalashnikova The Father of the Bohemian Reformation: Iohannes Milicius de Cremsir’s “Ars praedicandi” ................................. 79 Leslie Carr-Riegel Italian Mint-masters in Poland .......................................................... 93 Paweł Cholewicki The Role of the Franciscans in the Kingdom of Bosnia during the Reign of King Stjepan Tomaš (1443–1461) ....................... 107 Éva Bárdits The Boutsian Type of Mary asMater Dolorosa ................................. 121 COMMEMORATING MARIANNE SÁGHY ........................................ 131 Gábor Klaniczay Obituary – Marianne Sághy (1961–2018) ....................................... 133 Marianne Sághy My Teaching Philosophy .................................................................. 136 Publications of Marianne Sághy ........................................................... 139 II. REPORT ON THE YEAR .................................................................. 149 Katalin Szende Report of the Academic Year 2017–18 .............................................. 151 Abstracts of MA theses defended in 2018 ........................................... 162 PhD Defenses during in the Academic Year 2017–18 ......................... 175 6 PREFACE Lectori salutem! “It is indeed with great pleasure that I take the opportunity to preface the first Annual of the Department of Medieval Studies of the Central European University in Budapest, with a few words of self-assesment and a preview of future developments.” – wrote Henrik Birnbaum, about the still experimental, recently launched project, called Central European University, with its perhaps most unique and certainly most ambitious MA program in Medieval Studies in the academic year of 1993–94. The concept, indeed, was so new, that it was necessary to introduce everything, the very idea of founding such a university “for the advancement of a pluralist, ‘open society’ in East-Central Europe,” at a temporary location in an old hotel in Buda while “new premises in a historical palace in the town center are under contruction. It is hoped that CEU Budapest will be able to move there by Fall 1995”, and fingers were crossed for the successful accreditation by the New York State Education Department. Most of the students came “from former ‘socialist’ countries – from Albania to the Baltic States and the countries of the CIS”, yet the idea was to welcome everyone “who would like to enlarge their knowledge of the region’s past, present and future; who are interested in learing to work and share knowledge and experience with their East European peers […] and to serve as a prototype for an open system of education in which different ideas are critically examined, subjects are studied in a comparative, rather than a national context…” It is very instructive to read through the goals and ambitions of a tiny, motivated academic community, welcomed and helped by historians like Jacques Le Goff, Evelyne Patlagean, Ernest Gellner, Janet Nelson, Peter Burke among many others and see the seeds of the very first projects they were involved in, such as the FIDEM in Spoleto, or the first International Medieval Congress in Leeds. And looking back to these seeds after 25 years, I am amazed to see that even their highest and most visionary expectations were a gross underestimation of their potentials and future success. By now the first MA students have become major scholars, the budding dissertations have been turned into books, and medievalists’ friendships turned into international research cooperations. The first conference organized by the Department of Medieval Studies was on Women and Power – convened by Marianne Sághy, who was also the editor of the first Annual. Her death this year was a major loss for the department. But her contribution stays, in the topics of continuing courses and conferences, in Preface supervised dissertations, in shaping her students and in her never ending dedication and enthusiasm she brought to the department from its very beginning. In the following pages you can find the harvest not only of this academic year but the fruits of several years’ ongoing work. The Head’s Report aptly illustrates how much the range of the department grew, chronologically, geographically. It continues to embrace more and more themes and languages and most importantly, new people. People who came to Budapest, to study or to give courses, because the Department has successfully achieved what it aimed at from the start – and I quote again the first Annual – : “the realization of an almost utopian plan to give new impetus to medieval studies in East-Central Europe”. And the impact has been huge. What will become of us in the future, is uncertain, just as it was 25 years ago but I have high hopes that in the years to come further generations of young scholars will be taken to Škofja Loka, find undated manuscripts in dingy places, unearth and conscientiously restore the other half of the Balkans, or compile for fun an imaginary medieval cookbook that explains how to make stew of a unicorn. Ildikó Csepregi 8 PART 1 Articles and Studies COMMUNICATION BETWEEN THE VIKING RUS’ AND THE TURKIC NOMADS OF THE STEPPE Csete Katona Early medieval Scandinavians were active participants not just in the history of Western Europe but also Eastern Europe from the ninth to the mid-eleventh century, a period commonly known as the Viking Age (c. 800–1050). During their various activities in the regions encompassing today’s European Russia and beyond, Viking merchants, warriors and settlers came into contact with people of diverse origin. Among these contacts, the Slavic, Baltic and Finno-Ugric relations of the Scandinavians were the closest ones, manifested in intermingling and the development of the Kievan Rus’ state – in which Scandinavians played a decisive role from the ninth century onwards. Inhabitants of this state were designated in contemporary documents as Rus’, denoting a population of mixed ethnicity, which besides Scandinavians, also incorporated the previously mentioned groups.1 Besides the Slavic and Balto-Finnic relations, other contacts were also significant for the Scandinavians