Project 1804 September 2019 How Effective are Toll Roads in Improving Operational Performance? Sonu Mathew Srinivas S. Pulugurtha, PhD MINETA TRANSPORTATION INSTITUTE transweb.sjsu.edu MINETA TRANSPORTATION INSTITUTE MTI FOUNDER LEAD UNIVERSITY OF Hon. Norman Y. Mineta Mineta Consortium for Transportation Mobility MTI BOARD OF TRUSTEES Founded in 1991, the Mineta Transportation Institute (MTI), an organized research and training unit in partnership with the Founder, Honorable Norman Richard Anderson (Ex-Officio) Steve Heminger* (TE 2018) Dan Smith (TE 2020) Lucas College and Graduate School of Business at San José State University (SJSU), increases mobility for all by improving the safety, Mineta (Ex-Officio) President and CEO Executive Director President Secretary (ret.), US Department of Amtrak Metropolitan Transportation Capstone Financial Group, Inc. efficiency, accessibility, and convenience of our nation’s transportation system. 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The report is funded, partially or entirely, by a grant from the U.S. San José State University Department of Transportation’s University Transportation Centers Program. This report does not necessarily reflect the official views or policies of the U.S. government, State of California, or the Mineta Transportation Institute, who assume no liability for the contents or use thereof. This report does not constitute a standard specification, design standard, or regulation. REPORT 19-28 HOW EFFECTIVE ARE TOLL ROADS IN IMPROVING OPERATIONAL PERFORMANCE? Sonu Mathew Srinivas S. Pulugurtha, PhD September 2019 A publication of Mineta Transportation Institute Created by Congress in 1991 College of Business San José State University San José, CA 95192-0219 TECHNICAL REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE 1. Report No. 2. Government Accession No. 3. Recipient’s Catalog No. 19-28 4. Title and Subtitle 5. Report Date How Effective are Toll Roads in Improving Operational Performance? September 2019 6. Performing Organization Code 7. Authors 8. Performing Organization Report Sonu Mathew, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2263-2749 CA-MTI-1804 Srinivas S. Pulugurtha, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7392-7227 9. Performing Organization Name and Address 10. Work Unit No. Mineta Transportation Institute College of Business 11. Contract or Grant No. San José State University 69A3551747127 San José, CA 95192-0219 12. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address 13. Type of Report and Period Covered U.S. Department of Transportation Final Report Office of the Assistant Secretary for Research and Technology 14. Sponsoring Agency Code University Transportation Centers Program 1200 New Jersey Avenue, SE Washington, DC 20590 15. Supplemental Notes 16. Abstract The main focus of this research is to develop a systematic analytical framework and evaluate the effect of a toll road on region’s traffic using travel time and travel time reliability measures. The travel time data for the Triangle Expressway in Raleigh, North Carolina, United States was employed for the assessment process. The spatial and temporal variations in the travel time distributions on the toll road, parallel alternate route, and near-vicinity cross-streets were analyzed using various travel time reliability measures. The results indicate that the Triangle Expressway showed a positive trend in reliability over the years of its operation. The parallel route reliability decreased significantly during the analysis period, whereas the travel time reliability of cross-streets showed a