INSTITUTE Quickstart Guide V 8 - October 2018 Copyright © University of Gothenburg, V-Dem Institute All rights reserved 1 Contents 1 Summary 4 1.1 V-Dem . .4 1.2 Disclaimer . .4 2 Suggested Citation 5 3 Datasets 6 3.1 Country-Year: V-Dem Core . .6 3.2 Country-Year: V-Dem . .6 3.3 Country-Year: V-Dem Extended . .6 3.4 Country-Date: V-Dem . .6 3.5 Coder-Level-Dataset . .6 3.6 Note: Aggregation from Country-Date to Country-Year . .6 4 Countries 7 5 Identifier Variables in the V-Dem Datasets 9 5.1 Country Name (country name) . .9 5.2 Time-Specific Country Name (histname) . .9 5.3 V-Dem Country ID (country id) ..............................9 5.4 Country Name Abbreviation (country text id) . .9 5.5 Year (year) . .9 5.6 Historical Date (historical date) . .9 5.7 Start of Coding Period (codingstart) . .9 5.8 Contemporary Start of Coding Period (codingstart contemp) . .9 5.9 Historical Start of Coding Period (codingstart hist) . .9 5.10 Gap in Coding Period Starts (gapstart) . 10 5.11 Gap in Coding Period Ends (gapend) . 10 5.12 End of Coding Period (codingend) . 10 5.13 Historical End of Coding Period (codingend contemp) . 10 5.14 Historical End of Coding Period (codingend hist) . 10 5.15 V-Dem Project (project) . 10 5.16 Historical V-Dem coding (historical) . 10 5.17 COW Code (COWcode) . 10 5.18 Number of Coders per Country, Variable and Year/Date (v2* nr) . 10 6 Variable Types 11 6.1 Type A*: Variables coded by Research Assistants . 11 6.2 Type A: Variables coded by Project Managers and Research Assistants . 11 6.3 Type B: Variables coded by Country Coordinators or Research Assistants . 11 6.4 Type C: Variables coded by Country Experts . 11 6.5 Type A + C: Variables coded by Country Experts and crosschecked by Research As- sistants . 11 6.6 Type D: Indices . 11 6.7 Type E: Non-V-Dem variables . 11 7 Variable Versions and Suffixes 12 7.1 Relative Scale . 12 2 7.2 Original Scale (*osp) . 12 7.3 Ordinal Scale (*ord) . 13 8 V-Dem High-Level Democracy Indices 14 8.1 Electoral democracy index (D) (v2x polyarchy) . 14 8.2 Liberal democracy index (D) (v2x libdem) . 14 8.3 Participatory democracy index (D) (v2x partipdem) . 15 8.4 Deliberative democracy index (D) (v2x delibdem) . 15 8.5 Egalitarian democracy index (D) (v2x egaldem) . 15 9 Reference Documents 17 9.1 Codebook . 17 9.2 Methodology . 17 9.3 Country Units . 17 9.4 Structure of V-Dem Indices, Components, and Indicators . 17 9.5 Organization and Management . 17 3 1 Summary 1.1 V-Dem Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) produces the largest global dataset on democracy with some 19 million data points for 201 countries from 1789 to 2017. Involving over 3,000 scholars and other country experts, V-Dem measures hundreds of different attributes of democracy. V-Dem enables new ways to study the nature, causes, and consequences of democracy embracing its multiple meanings. 1.2 Disclaimer This quickstart guide is largely an extraction of text from the codebook, but is compiled as a means for a first quick look at the V-dem dataset. For reference, detailed explanations, cautionary notes, and information on all variables, please view the codebook and our other reference documents. 4 2 Suggested Citation Nota bene: If a variable(s) drawn from the V-Dem dataset plays an important role in your project (published or unpublished), please use all the suggested citations below: • V-Dem Dataset: Coppedge, Michael, John Gerring, Carl Henrik Knutsen, Staffan I. Lindberg, Svend-Erik Skaan- ing, Jan Teorell, David Altman, Michael Bernhard, M. Steven Fish, Agnes Cornell, Sirianne Dahlum, Haakon Gjerløw, Adam Glynn, Allen Hicken, Joshua Krusell, Anna L¨uhrmann,Kyle L. Marquardt, Kelly McMann, Valeriya Mechkova, Juraj Medzihorsky, Moa Olin, Pamela Pax- ton, Daniel Pemstein, Josefine Pernes, Johannes von R¨omer,Brigitte Seim, Rachel Sigman, Jeffrey Staton, Natalia Stepanova, Aksel Sundstr¨om,Eitan Tzelgov, Yi-ting Wang, Tore Wig, Steven Wilson, and Daniel Ziblatt. 2018. ”V-Dem [Country-Year/Country-Date] Dataset v8” Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Project. https://doi.org/10.23696/vdemcy18 and: Pemstein, Daniel, Kyle L. Marquardt, Eitan Tzelgov, Yi-ting Wang, Joshua Krusell and Farhad Miri. 2018. “The V-Dem Measurement Model: Latent Variable Analysis for Cross-National and Cross-Temporal Expert-Coded Data”. University of Gothenburg, Varieties of Democracy Institute: Working Paper No. 21, 3d edition • V-Dem Codebook: Coppedge, Michael, John Gerring, Carl Henrik Knutsen, Staffan I. Lindberg, Svend-Erik Skaan- ing, Jan Teorell, David Altman, Michael Bernhard, Agnes Cornell, M. Steven Fish, Haakon Gjerløw, Adam Glynn, Allen Hicken, Joshua Krusell, Anna L¨uhrmann, Kyle L. Marquardt, Kelly McMann, Valeriya Mechkova, Moa Olin, Pamela Paxton, Daniel Pemstein, Brigitte Seim, Rachel Sigman, Jeffrey Staton, Aksel Sundtr¨om,Eitan Tzelgov, Luca Uberti, Yi-ting Wang, Tore Wig, and Daniel Ziblatt. 2018. ”V-Dem Codebook v8” Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Project. • V-Dem Methodology: Coppedge, Michael, John Gerring, Carl Henrik Knutsen, Staffan I. Lindberg, Svend-Erik Skaan- ing, Jan Teorell, Joshua Krusell, Kyle L. Marquardt, Daniel Pemstein, Josefine Pernes, Natalia Stepanova, Eitan Tzelgov, Yi-ting Wang, Juraj Medzihorsky, and Steven Wilson. 2018. ”V- Dem Methodology v8” Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Project. • V-Dem Country Coding Units: Coppedge, Michael, John Gerring, Carl Henrik Knutsen, Staffan I. Lindberg, Svend-Erik Skaan- ing, Jan Teorell, Vlad Ciobanu, and Moa Olin. 2018. ”V-Dem Country Coding Units v8” Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Project. • V-Dem Organization and Management: Coppedge, Michael, John Gerring, Carl Henrik Knutsen, Staffan I. Lindberg, Svend-Erik Skaan- ing, Jan Teorell, Joshua Krusell, Moa Olin, Josefine Pernes, Johannes von R¨omer,and Natalia Stepanova. 2018. ”V-Dem Organization and Management v8” Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Project. 5 3 Datasets 3.1 Country-Year: V-Dem Core The five V-Dem Democracy Indices and the indicators constituting them. 3.2 Country-Year: V-Dem All 350+ V-Dem indicators and indices STATA-IC version excludes HPD intervals for the ordinal scale and standard deviation for the relative and original scale of the Measurement Model output. 3.3 Country-Year: V-Dem Extended All 350+ V-Dem indicators and indices + over 300 other indicators from other data sources. 3.4 Country-Date: V-Dem All 350+ V-Dem indicators and indices STATA-IC version excludes HPD intervals for the ordinal scale and standard deviation for the relative and original scale of the Measurement Model output. 3.5 Coder-Level-Dataset A Coder-Level-Dataset is currently provided upon request. 3.6 Note: Aggregation from Country-Date to Country-Year C-variables, ratio/percentage variables, and High-Level/Mid-Level Democracy indices are aggregated from the country-date level to the country-year level by the day-weighted mean. Ordinal A-variables and A*-variables are aggregated by taking the last observation in the year with one exception: event- specific dichotomies or event-specific ordinal variables, which mostly concerns elections or election related data, are aggregated by max (meaning the highest observed value for a given year is retained) to reflect that an ”event” of the coded type occurred within the year. 6 4 Countries The following country units are included in the V-Dem Dataset and their year coverage. Some coun- tries are coded prior to independence, and some have gaps in their coding periods, for a more detailed description of the country units and their year coverage see the V-Dem Country Coding Units docu- ment. Name ID Coverage Name ID Coverage Afghanistan 36 1789–2017 Ecuador 75 1830–2017 Albania 12 1912–2017 Egypt 13 1789–2017 Algeria 103 1900–2017 El Salvador 22 1838–2017 Angola 104 1900–2017 Equatorial Guinea 160 1900–2017 Argentina 37 1789–2017 Eritrea 115 1900–2017 Armenia 105 1990–2017 Estonia 161 1918–2017 Australia 67 1789–2017 Ethiopia 38 1789–2017 Austria 144 1789–2017 Fiji 162 1900–2017 Azerbaijan 106 1990–2017 Finland 163 1809–2017 Baden 349 1789–1871 France 76 1789–2017 Bahrain 146 1900–2017 Gabon 116 1910–2017 Bangladesh 24 1971–2017 Georgia 118 1990–2017 Barbados 147 1900–2017 German Democratic Rep. 137 1949–1990 Bavaria 350 1789–1871 Germany 77 1789–2017 Belarus 107 1990–2017 Ghana 7 1902–2017 Belgium 148 1789–2017 Greece 164 1822–2017 Benin 52 1900–2017 Guatemala 78 1789–2017 Bhutan 53 1900–2017 Guinea 63 1900–2017 Bolivia 25 1825–2017 Guinea-Bissau 119 1900–2017 Bosnia and Herzegovina 150 1992–2017 Guyana 166 1900–2017 Botswana 68 1900–2017 Haiti 26 1789–2017 Brazil 19 1789–2017 Hamburg 362 1789–1867 Brunswick 363 1789–1867 Hanover 357 1789–1866 Bulgaria 152 1878–2017 Hesse-Darmstadt 359 1789–1866 Burkina Faso 54 1919–2017 Hesse-Kassel 358 1789–1866 Burma/Myanmar 10 1789–2017 Honduras 27 1838–2017 Burundi 69 1916–2017 Hong Kong 167 1900–2017 Cambodia 55 1900–2017 Hungary 210 1789–2017 Cameroon 108 1961–2017 Iceland 168 1900–2017 Canada 66 1841–2017 India 39 1789–2017 Cape Verde 70 1900–2017 Indonesia 56 1800–2017 Central African Republic 71 1920–2017 Iran 79 1789–2017 Chad 109 1920–2017 Iraq 80 1920–2017 Chile 72 1789–2017 Ireland 81 1919–2017 China 110 1789–2017 Israel 169 1948–2017 Colombia 15 1789–2017 Italy 82 1861–2017 Comoros 153 1900–2017 Ivory Coast 64 1900–2017 Congo, Democratic Rep. of 111 1900–2017 Jamaica 120 1900–2017 Congo, Republic of the 112 1903–2017 Japan 9 1789–2017 Costa Rica 73 1838–2017 Jordan 83 1922–2017 Croatia 154 1941–2017 Kazakhstan 121 1990–2017 Cuba 155 1789–2017 Kenya 40 1900–2017 Cyprus 156 1900–2017 Korea, North 41 1945–2017 Czech Republic 157 1918–2017 Korea, South