Министерство науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Национальный исследовательский Нижегородский государственный университет им. Н.И. Лобачевского» Институт биологии и биомедицины Кафедра физиологии анатомии THE ANATOMY OF HUMAN SKELETAL MUSCLES IN TABLES Учебно-методическое пособие Рекомендовано методической комиссией факультета Института биологии и биомедицины для студентов ННГУ, обучающихся по направлению подготовки 31.05.03 «Стоматология», 31.05.01 «Лечебное дело» на английском языке. Нижний Новгород 2020 1 УДК 611.73 (075.8) ББК Р 54.184 я 73 Д18 Рецензенты: д.м.н., проф. Цыбусов С.Н, THE ANATOMY OF HUMAN SKELETAL MUSCLES IN TABLES: Учебно-методическое пособие / Д. А. Данилова, А. В. Дерюгина, С. В. Копылова, Е. В. Крылова. - Нижний Новгород: Изд – во ННГУ им. Лобачевского, 2020. – 189 с. В настоящем учебно-методическом пособии изложены на английском языке материалы для проведения практических работ по курсам нормальная анатомия и анатомия головы и шеи по теме: миология. Материал представлены в виде таблиц, которые сопровождаются схемой скелета, предназначенного для самостоятельного изображения анатомии мышц. Учебно-методическое пособие предназначено для студентов ННГУ, обучающихся по направлению подготовки 31.05.03 «Стоматология», 31.05.01 «Лечебное дело» на английском языке. Ответственный за выпуск: Председатель методической комиссии Института биологии и биомедицины ННГУ к.б.н. Е.Л. Воденеева УДК 611.73 (075.8) ББК Р 54.184 я 73 © Нижегородский государственный университет им. Н.И. Лобачевского, 2020 © Данилова Д.А., Дерюгина А. В., Копылова С. В., Крылова Е. С. 2 Contents 1. Chapter 1. The muscles of the back. 5 1.1 Introduction. 5 1.2 The superficial (extrinsic) group 5 1.3 The intermediate group 10 1.4 The deep (intrinsic) group 12 2. Chapter 2. The muscles of the chest. 26 2.1 Introduction 26 2.2 The superficial muscles of the chest 26 2.3 The deep muscles of the chest 31 3. Chapter 3. The muscles of the abdomen. 37 3.1 Introduction 37 4. Chapter 4. The muscles of the upper limb. 44 4.1 Introduction 44 4.2 Muscles of the shoulder girdle 44 4.3 Muscles of the muscles of the arm 50 4.3.1 The anterior group of the muscles of the arm 51 4.2.1 The posterior group of the muscles of the arm 54 4.3 Muscles of the muscles of the forearm 56 4.3.1 The anterior group of the muscles of the forearm 57 4.3.2 The posterior group of the muscles of the forearm 65 4.4 Muscles of the hand. 74 4.4.1 Muscles of the palmar surface hand 75 5. Chapter 5. The muscles of the lower limb. 85 5.1 Introduction. 85 5.2 The muscles of the hip joint 85 5.2.1 The internal group of the muscles of the hip joint 86 5.2.2 The external group of the muscles of the hip joint 93 5.3 Muscles of the thigh 101 5.3.1 The anterior group of the muscles of the thigh 102 5.3.2 The medial group of the muscles of the thigh 104 5.3.3 The posterior group of the muscles of the thigh 110 5.4 Muscles of the leg 133 5.4.1 The anterior group of the muscles of the leg 114 5.4.2 The posterior group of the muscles of the leg 117 5.4.3 The lateral group of the muscles of the leg 120 5.5 Muscles of the foot 127 5.5.1 Muscles of dorsal surface 128 5.5.2 Muscles of planta surface 130 3 6. Chapter 6. The muscles of the head (Musculi capitis). 141 6.1 Introduction. 143 6.2 The muscles of facial expression (facial mm.) 143 6.2.1 Muscles of the scalp 143 6.2.2 Muscles surrounding the eyes 148 6.2.3 Muscles surrounding the mouth 152 6.2.4 Muscles surrounding the nose 164 6.3 The muscles of mastication 7. Chapter 7. The muscles of the neck (musculus coli). 170 7.1 Introduction. 170 7.2 The superficial muscle 171 7.3 The middle muscles 173 7.3.1 The suprahyoid muscles 173 7.3.2 The infrahyoid muscles 177 7.4 The deep muscles 181 7.4.1 The lateral group 181 7.4.2 The medial group 184 4 Chapter 1. The muscles of the back. 1.1 Introduction. In accordance with embryological origin and function in movement, all back muscles can be divided into 3 groups: 1. The superficial (extrinsic) group originate in embryo form by locations other than the back and are responsible for movements at the shoulder and upper limb. 2. The intermediate group originate in embryo form by locations other than the back and responsible a respiratory action and comprises of muscles connected to the ribs. 3. The deep group (intrinsic) group originate in embryo in the back and responsible actions of the vertebral column and head. 1.2 The superficial (extrinsic) group: The trapezius muscle (musculus trapezius) The latissimus dorsi muscle (M. latissimus dorsi) The rhomboid major muscle (M. rhomboideus major) The rhomboid minor muscle (M. rhomboideus minor) The levator scapulae muscle ( M. levator scapulae) 5 Table 1. The superficial (extrinsic) muscle of the back Muscle Origin Insertion Action Innervation (start) (finish) The External Acromial part • Draw the scapula • Accessory trapezius occipital of the to the vertebral nerve muscle protuberanсe, clavicle, column. • Cervical nerves (musculus superior acromion, • Contraction of the: (C3-C4) trapezius) nuchal line, spin of the Upper fibers - raises ligamentum scapula. Blood supply: the scapula nuchae, • Transverse ligamentum Lower fibers - lowers cervical a. supraspinatus, it. • Occipital a. processes • When the scapula spinosus CVII is fixed: • Suprascapular and ThI - a. ThXII. Contraction of one of the muscle tilts the head • Intercostals a. to the corresponding side. Both trapezius muscles pull the head backwards. Fig. 1 Draw the trapezius muscle (Origin – blue; Insertion – red; Action – arrow) 6 Table 2. The superficial (extrinsic) muscle of the back Muscle Origin Insertion Action Innervation (start) (finish) The The spinous Crest of the • Draws the arm to • Cervical nerves latissimus processes of lesser the trunk. (C7 – C8) –N. dorsi muscle the Th6 - tubercle of • Pulls the limb thoracodorsalis Th12, L1 - L5, humerus (M. backwards to the Blood supply: thoracolumbar (tuberculum latissimus midline • Thoracodorsal a. dorsi) fascia, minor • Rotates limb external lip of humeri) • Circumflex the iliac crest, medially humeral a. 9 – 12 ribs (pronation) • Intercostals a. When the arm is fixed: • Pulls the trunk up on the arm Contributes to upward displacement of the lower ribs (accessory muscle of respiration) Fig. 2. Draw latissimus dorsi muscle (Origin – blue; Insertion – red; Action – arrow) 7 Table 3. The superficial (extrinsic) muscle of the back Muscle Origin Insertion Action Innervation (start) (finish) The The spinous Margo medialis • Draw the • N. dorsalis rhomboid processes of scapulae scapula closer scapulae (C4- major the Th1 - Th4 to the vertebral C6) muscle (M. column Blood supply: rhomboideus • Draw the major) scapula • Transverse upwards cervical a. • Suprascapular a. • Intercostals a. Fig. 3 - 5. Draw rhomboid major muscle, rhomboid minor muscle, levator scapulae muscle (Origin – blue; Insertion – red; Action – arrow) 8 Table 4. The superficial (extrinsic) muscle of the back Muscle Origin Insertion Action Innervation (start) (finish) The The spinous Medial border of • Draw the • N. dorsalis rhomboid processes of the scapula. scapula closer scapulae (C4- minor the C6 - C7 to the vertebral C6) muscle (M. column Blood supply: rhomboideus • Draw the minor) scapula • Transverse upwards cervical a. • Suprascapular a. • Intercostals a. Table 5. The superficial (extrinsic) muscle of the back Muscle Origin Insertion Action Innervation (start) (finish) The levator Posterior Superior angle • Raises the • N. Dorsalis scapulae tubercles of and the upper upper angle of scapulae (C4- muscle (M. the transvers part of the the scapula, C5) levator processes of medial border of title it medially Blood supply: scapulae) C1-C4. the scapula. • When the scapula is fixed • Transverse cervical part of cervical a. the vertebral • Superficial column cervical a. inclined backwards to • Ascending the side of cervical a. contracting muscle 9 1.3 The intermediate group: • The serratus posterior superior muscle (M. serratus posterior superior) • The serratus posterior inferior muscle (M. serratus posterior inferior) Table 6. The intermediate muscle of the back Muscle Origin Insertion Action Innervation (start) (finish) The serratus The lower part External surface • Raises the • Intercostal posterior of ligamentum of the 2, 3, 4, 5 upper ribs nerves Th1 - Th4 superior nuchae and ribs laterally of (participates in Blood supply: muscle (M. spinous their angles inspiration) serratus processes of • Deep cervical a. posterior C6-C7 and • Intercostal a. superior) Th1 – Th2 Fig. 6. Draw serratus posterior superior muscle (Origin – blue; Insertion – red; Action – arrow) 10 Table 7. The intermediate muscle of the back Muscle Origin Insertion Action Innervation (start) (finish) The serratus Spinous External surface Lovers the lower • Intercostal posterior processes of of the 9, 10, 11, ribs (participates in nerves Th9- inferior Th11 – Th12 12 ribs laterally a respiration) Th12 muscle (M. and L1 - L2 of their angle Blood supply: serratus posterior • Intercostal a. inferior) Fig. 7. Draw serratus posterior inferior muscle (Origin – blue; Insertion – red; Action – arrow) 11 1.4 The deep (intrinsic) group: I. Long deep (proper) muscles of the back: The splenius capitis muscle (M. splenius capitis ) The splenius cervicis muscle (M. splenius cervicis) The sacrospinalis muscle (M. erector spinae) is a group of muscles that run from the sacrum to the base of the skull on the left and the right of the spine.. These muscles lie on either side of the vertebral column spinous processes and extend throughout the lumbar, thoracic, and cervical regions. It include the three: a) M.