VOLUME 40, ISSUE 4, 2015 LEGACY OF A REGIME Is Understanding Kim Jong Un the Key to Regional Stability? APDF TABLE OF CONTENTS VOLUME 40, ISSUE 4 features 10 Targeting Terrorist Ties to WMD Why stopping proliferation of weapons of mass destruction matters. 14 Stopping WMD Traffic How to establish technical reachback. 18 The Kim Jong Un Effect North Korea analysts keep a keen eye on the country’s leader to learn as much about him as possible and limit tensions on the Korean Peninsula. 24 Political Action India renames its “Look East” policy to “Act East” and pushes a more action-driven agenda with regional partners. 28 Emerging Power Bloc The Association of Southeast Asian Nations materializes as a viable community and force — economically and otherwise. 34 Sea Claims & Shifting Tides China’s changing relationships and inconsistent practices reveal questionable motives. 42 Mitigating the Foreign Fighter Terror Threat Militant extremists returning from Syria and Iraq must be rehabilitated and reintegrated. 48 15 Good Legal Practices to Address Terrorism Ways to bolster national criminal justice systems. 52 Biometrics Build Border Security Data sharing strengthens enforcement capabilities. 18 departments 4 Pacific View 5 Contributors 6 Across the Region News from Asia and the Pacific. 8 Terrorist Update Malaysia passes anti-terror law to curb Islamic militants. 56 Key Leader Profile Singapore’s founding father leaves legacy of stability. 58 Voice China and Russia: A fleeting friendship? 60 Culture & Custom Regional newspapers booming in India. 62 Media & Tech Past disasters inspire innovative tools for future response. 64 World Horizons News from around the globe. 65 Contemplations Smartphones change brain and thumb interaction. 66 This & That News of the interesting, unusual and entertaining. 67 Parting Shot Republic of Korea honor guards perform at the War Memorial of Korea in Seoul. ABOUT THE COVER: This cover design conveys the ominous intrigue of North Korean leader Kim Jong Un. 60 FORUM Illustration APDF PACIFIC VIEW APD FORUM Dear Readers, Flash Points Volume 40, Issue 4, 2015 elcome to Asia Pacific Defense W FORUM’s fourth- USPACOM LEADERSHIP quarter edition for 2015, which HARRY B. HARRIS, JR. focuses on flash points. This Admiral, USN Commander issue examines the regional dynamics in the Indo Asia Pacific ANTHONY G. CRUTCHFIELD Lieutenant General, USA and identifies areas susceptible Deputy Commander to military escalation, expansion, ERIC P. WENDT and conflict. Major General, USA U.S. PACIFIC COMMAND U.S. PACIFIC For many years, the increased Chief of Staff economic activity in the Indo Asia Pacific has helped lift millions of people MARK C. MONTGOMERY from poverty and enabled nations to increase spending on infrastructure, Rear Admiral, USN Director of Operations technology and security. However, this increased prosperity has also increased competition and demand for natural resources, especially in the maritime environment. In response, nations have pursued strategies to secure PROGRAM OFFICERS their national interests. Some nations chose strategies that increased the CHRISTOPHER D. STANGLE overall stability in the Indo Asia Pacific, while others have become consumers Lieutenant Colonel, USA APD FORUM Manager of that security through aggressive and sometimes provocative actions. The security environment that exists today in the Indo Asia Pacific is largely a result of the United States’ continued presence, its strong network CONTACT US of alliances and partnerships, and the multilateral organizations dedicated to the security of the region. This security environment has enabled countries APD FORUM to address security challenges diplomatically and inhibit larger nations from Asia Pacific Defense FORUM imposing their will on smaller nations. Program Manager, HQ USPACOM Box 64013 Continual pursuit of multilateral understanding and cooperation is key Camp H.M. Smith, HI 96861 USA for developing flexible regional security solutions to address potential flash http://apdforum.com points and threats in the region. Territorial disputes, violent extremist email: organizations, weapons proliferation, drug and human trafficking, and [email protected] North Korea’s nuclear ambitions must be addressed cooperatively to mitigate existing and developing threats. Asia Pacific Defense FORUM is I hope you find this edition insightful and thought-provoking, and I a professional military magazine welcome your comments. Please contact us at [email protected] published quarterly by the commander of the U.S. Pacific Command to with your perspectives. provide an international forum for military personnel of the Asian and Pacific areas. The opinions expressed in this magazine do not necessarily represent the policies All the best, or points of view of this command or any other agency of the U.S. government. All articles are written by FORUM staff unless otherwise noted. The secretary of defense has determined that the publication of this magazine is necessary for conducting public business as required by the HARRY B. HARRIS, JR. Department of Defense. Admiral, USN ISSN 2333-1593 (print) Commander, U.S. Pacific Command ISSN 2333-1607 (online) 4 APD FORUM APDF CONTRIBUTORS DR. ALFRED OEHLERS is a professor at the Asia- Pacific Center for Security Studies in Honolulu, Hawaii. Join the He specializes in the political economy of economic Discussion growth and development in the Indo Asia Pacific. He We want to hear from YOU! was previously an associate professor at Auckland Asia Pacific Defense FORUM caters to military University of Technology, and security personnel in the Indo-Asia-Pacific New Zealand. Dr. Oehlers APCSS region. A product of U.S. Pacific Command, obtained his doctorate in political economy from the University of Sydney. He holds the quarterly magazine provides high-quality, a master’s and a bachelor’s in economics from Macquarie in-depth content on topics that impact University, Australia. Dr. Oehlers has written on a range of issues connected with the rapid development of East security efforts across the region — from and Southeast Asia and on topics related to governance, counterterrorism to international cooperation democratization, corruption, public health and ethnic and natural disasters. conflict, among others. Featured on Page 10 FORUM provokes thoughtful SIDDHARTH discussions and encourages a healthy SRIVASTAVA is an exchange of ideas. Submit articles, independent journalist, pictures, topics for discussion or other consultant and author comments to us ONLINE or at: based in New Delhi, India. He covers foreign and Program Manager strategic affairs, security, Asia Pacific Defense FORUM politics, defense, energy and HQ USPACOM, Box 64013 subjects related to South and Southeast Asia. In a Camp H.M. Smith, HI career that has spanned more 96861-4013 USA than 20 years, he has been a SIDDHARTH SRIVASTAVA correspondent for The Times of India newspaper and has been widely published in other Asia Pacific Defense FORUM also newspapers and magazines in Asia, Europe and the United offers extensive content online at States. Featured on Page 28 www.apdforum.com Visitors can: n U.S. Army LT. COL. FRANKLIN ROSENBLATT is Access exclusive online content a legal advisor at Special Operations Command, Pacific, n Browse back issues in Hawaii. He holds a Bachelor of Arts degree from James n Participate in polls Madison University, a law degree from the University of Virginia School of Law and a master of law degree from n Send us feedback n The Judge Advocate General’s Legal Center and School. Request a subscription Featured on Page 48 n Learn how to submit articles TOM ABKE and JIRI KOMINEK write about biometrics and border security for this issue of FORUM. Abke is a freelance researcher and writer based in Bangalore, India. He has contributed to articles and research reports on topics ranging from mining to forced migration. Born and raised in Barbados, Abke has lived and worked in Algeria, Mali, Tunisia and Libya. Kominek is an independent journalist Exploring the issues that impact so many lives based in the Czech Republic. He covers economic, defense and security matters in Central and Eastern Europe, Russia Scan this and the Commonwealth of Independent States, and Asia for image with a number of publications and organizations, including IHS your phone code reader Jane’s, Business New Europe, The Jamestown Foundation to be taken to our website. and CNBC European Business. Featured on Page 52 APD FORUM 5 APDF ACROSS THE REGION INDIA NEW ATTACK SUBMARINE DEBUTS The Indian Navy undocked its first indigenously built Scorpene attack submarine at Mazagon Dock in Mumbai in April 2015. Indian Defense Minister Manohar Parrikar and Maharashtra State Chief Minister Devendra Fadnavis cast off the diesel-electric-powered sub, which will undergo sea trials before being cleared to join the fleet. India is building six in partnership with France’s Direction des Constructions Navales, with the first set to be handed over in 2016. The Associated Press THE ASSOCIATED PRESS THE PHILIPPINES Two-Crew Cockpit Rule Set he Philippines in April 2015 French Alps after locking his colleague must revise their operations manuals to became the latest country to out of the cockpit. All 150 people on comply with the new regulation. T require two airline crew members board died. Many airlines worldwide have in the cockpit at all times after the “For aircraft certified for two pilots, a introduced a two-person rule since the co-pilot of a German plane deliberately flight crew-member, preferably male but March 24, 2015, tragedy. crashed it in March 2015. not necessarily a pilot, shall be required French air crash investigators The Civil Aviation Authority of the to be inside the flight deck should one announced in April 2015 that Philippines announced its decision of the pilots leave the flight deck for information from the doomed plane’s after investigators concluded personal reasons,” the regulation read. flight data recorder had confirmed their Germanwings co-pilot Andreas Lubitz The authority’s director-general, earlier findings that the co-pilot acted intentionally smashed a flight into the William Hotchkiss, said all air operators deliberately.