GNOME graphical user interface UBUNTU distribution DEBIAN operating system LINUX UBUNTU GUIDE 18.04 LTS Ver. 20200801 Ubuntu's zealous name comes from South African "Ubuntu" ideology and is often translated into "humanity to others". www.ubuntutor.com Twitter @LaoYa14 Table of Contents Page Contents 3 Introduction General Information about Ubuntu 18.04 LTS 5 Ubuntu instructions Ubuntu 16.04 → 18.04 differences Presentation of Ubuntu Desktop, Pre-installed applications Some thoughts before going on / Structure of the File System Litle tips 11 Presentation of Folder / Directory Structure Files Application (Nautilus) / How to use mouse and touse pad Files application, Folder Properties, Different working areas Windows / Seweral windows File handling with mouse File handling with commands File handling; copy, move and paste 23 Presentation of basic settings WiFi, Bluetooth, Background, Dock, Notifications, Search Region & Language, Universal Access, Online Accounts, Privacy Sharing, Sound, Sound, Power, Network, Wired Displays, Night Light, Keyboard, Mouse & Touchpad, Printers Removable Media, Stylus Tablet, Color, Data & Time, Users Default Applications 37 Introduction to installed Ubuntu applications Screenshot, Devices & Locations, Smileys, Software & Updates Software Updater, Command Prompt ( Terminal ), Installed apps If you are planning to install a new app Presentation of some apps, LibreOffice, gThumb viewer, Calculator Shotwell viewer, ToDo, Calendar, Links, nice reading for rainy days Backup! 50 Appendix gThumb image viewer / editor / sorting images, naming images Reduce the size of the images Self-defined Screenshot area, Image Scanning Renaming storage media ( USB / Card ) Ubuntu installation, Create a bootable Ubuntu USB stick Ubuntutor web page 2 Introduction A couple of years ago I found out that my old XP Windows laptop was too old. I bought a small one, HP Stream Laptop (2 GB of RAM and 34 GB hard drive) and Windows 10. After installation, the free memory space was about 6 GB. I had followed the development of Ubuntu, and I tested Ubuntu from the usb stick. Eventually I made a decision and copied Windows 10 from my laptop to a usb stick and I installed Ubuntu. The entire installation with Libre Office took about 9 GB. After installation, the free memory space was about 25 GB. Ubuntu is free and is great for home use. With this guide, I introduce the features of Ubuntu's Graphical Operating System (Gnome) to the beginners. The difference between Windows and Ubuntu is small and Ubuntu is easy to learn by using this guide. Here are a few examples of Ubuntu programs: Libre Office - includes word processing, spreadsheet and presentation graphics Document viewer - viewing and using PDF documents Thunderbird - email Firefox - web browser Chromium - web browser (= Chrome) gThumb - organizing, editing and naming photos Google Earth - map program Gimp - image processing VLC Media Player - video + music OpenShot - video editing Skype - video calls Dropbox - cloud services Attention! This English-language guide includes a separate text file. The text of the guide is numbered and the same numbering is in the text file. The text file is easily translated by Google Translator into any language, which allows you to read the text of the guide in all languages. Intro from PC Magazin Ubuntu 18.04 Best regards, Hannu Feedback: [email protected] I look forward to your comments and suggestions for improvement ;-) This guide book you find from www.ubuntutor.com This work is licensed Creative Commons Nimeä-EiKaupallinen-JaaSamoin 4.0 Kansainvälinen -lisenssillä. This guide book / file is freely copyable. 3 General Information about Ubuntu Look Ubuntu Desktop Guide: Getting Started There seem to be a lot of Linux operating systems; which operating system do I choose? The programs that a home user needs are email, web browser, pdf file viewer, video and music playback software as well as, office program including spreadsheet, word processing and presentation graphics. Today, cloud services, web calls and other social media programs are also often needed. Although Linux has many different operating systems, the above mentioned programs can be found in all these systems and look the same. In this sense, the home user can choose any operating system. There are plenty of tutorials of Ubuntu, as well as a very useful forum where you get advice very quickly. The previously mentioned utilities are similar in appearance on the screen, whether you are running Windows or Ubuntu. Ubuntu does not need antivirus protection. The firewall has also been built inside Linux itself. Ubuntu with all its programs is free. Ubuntu needs much less memory compared to Windows. When you start using Ubuntu instead of Windows, perhaps the most significant difference is the directory / folder structures. These differences are presented in this guide. Ubuntu is updated annually and the so-called ”Long-term support” (5 years) versions are published every two years with the symbol of year and month and the letters LTS (long- term support). For example, version 18.04 LTS has been released in April 2018 and will be supported until 2023. Hint. If you have an old computer with Windows XP or Vista, you can install Ubuntu Mate. Ubuntu Mate is exellent with an old PC like XP or Vista. You can work with XP or with Ubuntu Mate, and Mate can use files from the XP area. Very useful! And you can use this guide with Mate too! Hint! You can easily check out the Linux distro at Manjaro, which works with a web browser. 4 Ubuntu instructions 1.More information on the web https://ubuntuforums.org/forum.php Ubuntu Desktop Guide Dock! 2.Forums Here you can ask if you have problems. You get the answers very quickly. Useful and quick help! 3.Here are various instructions. 4.Excellent Guide in English can be found at http://ubuntu-manual.org/ The guide is in pdf format and it can be downloaded to your computer. 5.Ubuntu's excellent discussion forum. If you have a problem, look here. Be brave, and ask. This forum is very good. https://ubuntuforums.org/ 6. LibreOffice documentation https://documentation.libreoffice.org/en/english-documentation/ 5 Ubuntu 16.4 → 18.4 differences 1.Files: disabled top menus! Activities with the touch pad, the buttons and with two finger clicks! Ubuntu 16.04 LTS Ubuntu 18.04 LTS Dock! 2.Mode menus - network connection - keyboard language - bluetooth - email - battery - sound control - basic settings 3.Starter = Dock (bar on left side of screen) open the most common applications with the icons. Launched applications are also displayed in the dock The size of icons can be changed If all the icons do not fit on the screen, they are either above or below the screen and come with the mouse cursor (Move mouse to bottom or top of bar) 4.All applications can be found here and some of the basic settings 6 Presentation of Ubuntu Desktop Look Ubuntu Desktop Guide: Visual overview of GNOME 1.Click Activities! Click! 2.Clock and day of the week and tasks 3.System Information - network connections - bluetooth, wifi - battery charge / network 4. Directories / Folders and files - the volume of the sound - directories, files - calendar - additional memory / devices - system preferences (USB, CD, DVD) 5.Image scroll bar up / down, will appear when mouse cursor is moved to the edge. 6.Shopping bag - download new software 7.The program icons - start the program - icons can be added or reduced - icon size can be changed - the sequence of icons can be changed - the icons can be hidden - the icon shows the number of windows 8.Dock Selecting and starting programs. 9.The dock (bar on left side of screen) shows your most common applications with icons. All applications can be found using the Unity icon. The size of icons can be changed. If all the icons do not fit on the screen, they are either above or below the screen (move mouse to bottom or top of bar). 10.Tip: You can zoom in to the smaller or larger screen by pressing ctrl and scrolling with your mouse. 7 Pre-installed applications Look Ubuntu Desktop Guide: Start applications 1.Two pages. Go by srolling or by clicking on points 2.Click! You'll see apps 3."Ubuntu Shopping Bag" - download new applications 4.Several basic settings can be found here. 5.Note two different options 8 Some thoughts before going on Ubuntu works in a little different way than Windows. This guide presents the differences. If the computer processor works hard, the screen may be darkening for a while. When the workload gets easier, the screen brightens again. Ubuntu does not always show the hourglass even though the computer is working. This is a bit embarrassing. Wait patiently and be cautious in such a situation. Sometimes the hourglass (or rotating arrow) may be hidden behind the active window, so it is not noticeable. When your computer updates the program, be patient. Click Details to see the update, otherwise you do not know what is going to happen. If the mouse does not move for a long time, the computer has apparently stopped for some reason. Anyway, it is a good idea to take backups often. Structure of the File System The index and file structure differ substantially from the corresponding structure in Windows! A good thing compared to Windows: All user files are located in the "Home" directory and in its subdirectories, which essentially facilitates backup. Ubuntu does not use letters to mark different memories (A, C etc.). External memories (CD, DVD, USB sticks, SD cards, etc.) can be found under their own names. In the file names big and small letters make a difference (test.txt is different from Test.txt). In front of a hidden file name there is a dot (.sale.txt) Hidden files are displayed in the menu (Show - Show hidden files) Clicking this symbol will connect a separate memory (eg USB, SD card) off the computer.