Prepared and Published with the Support of COUNTY ATLAS SERIES THE CROW WING COUNTY BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS AND ATLAS C-16, PART A MINNESOTA GEOLOGICAL SUR VEY THE MINNESOTA DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES, DIVISION OF WATERS Plate 6—Mineral Endowment Harvey Thorleifson, Director MINERAL ENDOWMENT R. 29 W. 94°15' R. 28 W. 94°00' R. 26 W. R. 25 W. CASS COUNTY Lizzie R. 27 W. Lake Jail Island 405 Lake Lake 435 5 5 Allen 405 6 Goose 1 Y 40 1 6 Wolf 1 By 6 40 Lake Little Pine 1 Lake Papoose 1405 435 Lake 6 Lake 390 Lake 390 Stewart 405 Lake 390 390Roosevelt Clough 435 Gary N. Meyer and Terrence J. Boerboom Lake 0 Lake 390 42 405 5 405 435 AITKIN COUNT Mitchell 390 Squaw 40 420 0 Lake 2004 Lake 39 Blue Kego Lake 420 Lake Anna 6 Lake 390 EMILY DISTRICT 390 INTRODUCTION GAIL LAKE TIMOTHY 405 R. 29 W. 94°15' R. 28 W. T. 138 N. FIFTY LAKES LITTLE PINE R. 27 W. 94°00' R. 26 W. R. 25 W. CASS COUNTY EMILY T. 138 N. The terms mineral or geologic endowment and mineral resource refer to Jail Roosevelt 405 Duc390k Lake Lake Papoose Eagle Lake geologic materials that have intrinsic economic value and thus potentially could Little Pine Lizzie Lake Lake Lake Ruth be mined and marketed. The geologic endowment of a mineral commodity can Lake Stewart West Clough Lake Lake 46°45' Lake Squaw 46°45' Fox Butterfield be defi ned and quantifi ed on observable physical and compositional attributes Kego Lake Lake AITKIN COUNTY Lake 390 Lake Mitchell 405 of the deposit, such as deposit thickness and horizontal dimensions, overburden Lake Buchite Lows Blue Anna 6 Lake 390 thickness, measure of crushing strength, and particle-size distribution. A mineral Lake Lake Lake Duck 0 T. 138 N. T. 138 N. 39 Lake Mary 405 resource is a narrower subset of a geologic endowment; it is an occurrence of Lake Brook West Fox Eagle Sand 0 geologic material of economic interest in such form and quantity that reasonable Lake Lake Ruth 39 46°45' Butterfield Lake 46°45' 390 Lake Lake 390 prospects for eventual economic extraction exist. If a part of the deposit does not Lows 31 Lake Lake 390 have reasonable prospects for eventual economic extraction, it cannot be included Mary 36 Trout Lake Brook 36 390 Lake 36 31 31 Emily in a mineral resource (Resources and Reserves Committee, 1999). Factors that may Lake 405 Big Trout 36 31 Pickerel 36 Pickerel Trout Emily Grass Dahler Bass remove some portion of an endowment from consideration as a resource are zoning Big Trout Lake Lake Lake 390 Daggett Lake Lake Lake 390 Lake Lake Daggett 390 restrictions, land ownership considerations, prohibitive taxation, competing surface 0 390 Ox 39 Ox 5 Lake Dahler 375 40 Island uses, and environmental considerations, in addition to the supply–demand–price Little Lake 6 Lake Lake Pine 390 fl uctuations of the commodity marketplace. Therefore a mineral resource must Lake 390 1 6 1 1 Upper 6 1 6 1 Lower possess favorable geologic attributes and also be relatively unencumbered by Whitefish 375 Little Whitefish Goodrich Island 390 Lake Rush Lake Lake 405 Pine socioeconomic factors that would remove it from consideration as the basis of Lake Lake 375 375 Lake 405 390 a business enterprise. The authors of this plate did not take into account these Upper Dolney socioeconomic factors, and therefore the maps portray the mineral endowment of T. 137 N. Lake 375 Lower Cross Roger Ross T. 137 N. Whitefish 420 Lake Lake Lower 405 Crow Wing County, not the mineral resource. Hay Lake Goodrich Lake 405 Lake Velvet Whitefish Rush Island 390 Lake Bertha Star Lake Lake Mud Lake Lake Lake Big Bird Lake Lake Lake 375 375 Clear 375 Duck Greer 375 ROSS LAKE Lake Kimble Lake Upper Dean Jenkins Upper Lake Pine Lake Bass Lake Lake Lake 375 420 Hay Lake 0 Lake Eastham Stark 375 375 39 Adney Lake T. 137 N. CROSS LAKE Dolney Lake Lake FAIRFIELD T. 137 N. 371 er Perry Nelson 375 Google Riv JENKINS Lower Ossawinnamakee Lake Lake Lake Lake Hay Lake IDEAL Cross 375 Roger Ross Lake 375 Lake Lake Pine River Pine 375 Pequot T. 136 N. Bertha Star Lake 375 390 Little 375 Velvet Lakes Lake Mud Breezy Dean Lake Lake Lake AGGREGATE ENDOWMENT Sibley Point Horseshoe Lake Lakes 375 0 375 375 39 375 Clear T. 136 N. Deer er 375 Big Bird Riv Lake Kimble Duck Lake By Pelican Lake Lake Lake Lake Fool 375 5 375 37 Stark Lake Jenkins 375 390 6 CUYUNA Upper Greer Bass Upper Lake Gary N. Meyer i 390 Bass Hay Lake 375 Lake 36 Lake Dean Cullen Lake NORTH Eastham Lake Lakes Indian Jack Mississipp 36 Pine 31 375 Lake 36 31 31 Lake Lake 36 2004 Mission RANGE 405 31 36 Twin Ossawinnamakee 375 Lakes Lougee T. 47 N. 375 5 Island Lake Adney 37 Lake Lake Lake Lakes Rabbit 371 375 er Perch Coles Lake 375 Lake Lake Carlson 1 6 1 6 Riv 6 INTRODUCTION Lake 1 6 Google 1 1 Nisswa 3 CUYUNA 390 390 Clark 375 Lake Johnson Casey 390 The principal Quaternary mineral endowments in Crow Wing County are sand and gravel, Lake 4 SOUTH 375 Nelson Nisswa Rice Lake Garden Lake 420 390 Perry Lake Cuyuna 375 River Lake potential sources for construction aggregate. Principal uses for aggregate are in concrete for Lake Lake Lake Silver RANGE Pine Pine Lake Roy Edward Little 390 buildings, bridges, and road pavement; in road base and fi ll; in bituminous road pavement; and Lake Lake Trommald Black Agate Black 46°30' 375 T. 136 N. 46°30' Bear Lake Lake Lake Cedar lesser uses, including riprap and landscaping. Sand and gravel deposits in Crow Wing County Lake Pequot 405 T. 135 N. Bass Dean 375 210 Lake are subdivided into three categories of aggregate potential on the basis of geologic attributes 371 Lake Lake Fawn Crosby Lakes Lake 375 and physical properties of the mapped materials. Bedrock formations in the area are too Hubert Serpent 375 Gladstone Lake 375 Gull Deerwood deeply buried to be mined for aggregate. However, waste rock in iron mine dumps may be Lake Blackhoof Breezy Horseshoe DEAN LAKE Lake Sibley Point suitable for some construction applications. Spider Lake Reno Lake Lakes MISSION PERR390 Y LAKE Lake Rice Lake SIBLEY The judgement of potential deposit quality is based predominantly on reconnaissance- Lake 1 T. 46 N. Round Riverton Portage 390 Lake T. 136 N. 375 level geologic information and interpretation. This study does not identify specifi c aggregate Lak2e 375 er Olander Hamlet Riv Lake Lake Pelican resources, which are defi ned in part on economic and societal criteria and concerns. Furthermore, Deer 210 Lookout 1 North Lake 375 Lake this assessment does not mean that economic aggregate deposits exist everywhere within a 25 Lake Long Shirt 375 given map unit; rather, the materials in each map unit were created by geologic processes Lake Fool Long Lake Lake that could have produced aggregate deposits at specifi c sites within the unit as mapped. Wolf Lake Loon 375 Lake 6 6 Geologic endowment, although imprecisely measured, is fi xed, whereas economic criteria and Horseshoe Lake 375 PELICAN 375 i Lake 360 375 environmental regulations vary across time and place. Important site-specifi c factors such as T. 134 N. issipp land ownership, zoning, protected waters and wetland designations, environmental impact, Wise 375 Lake Cullen Miss required permits, distance to markets, royalties, and site access all contribute to the fi nal Eagle Bay Lake Lakes Bass 31 Indian Jack Gilbert Hoppy Lake Clearwater Lake Mud Lake Lake 375 "potential" of a specifi c parcel. These factors are outside the scope of this study. Lake Lake 375 375 Mission Lake 36 36 31 Twin Lougee 375 Island Twin 375 371 Rice Mud Birch 31 Lake 36 375 T. 47 N. Red Sand Lake Lake Heron Lake Lakes DESCRIPTION OF MAP UNITS Lake Lake Maple 375 Lake Nokay Lake T. 45 N. Lake Lake Island RABBIT LAKE POTENTIAL SAND AND GRAVEL SOURCES—These units typically exhibit Edna Lakes WOLFORD Lake 375 geologic characteristics that indicate sand and gravel deposits may be Portage Partridge Turtle 6 White Brainerd Hanks Lake Lake 6 1 Rabbit 0 Sand 18 Lake Lake 1 Coles 36 present. Existing gravel pits and aggregate sources used by the Minnesota WhippleLake 360 360 18 Lake Department of Transportation within these units are identifi ed or known Lakes er Grave Perch Riv Round Lake Perch Lake Lake Lake resources. Geologic units that have the best potential for sand and gravel Baxter Lake Scott Carlson 210 Rice Lake Lake Nisswa 375 Lake include outwash and ice-contact sediments (eskers, kames, and fans); T. 133 N. Kenney 360 Cuyuna they typically contain sorted sand and gravel with little silt and clay. The Lake 37 Nisswa Clark Johnson 375 5 Lake Lake Lake map units are classifi ed by the thickness of sand and gravel, thickness of Roy Garden 375 Casey Miller Lake Turner Lake Upper South Lake Borden Lake 31 Lake overlying deposits, percentage of material retained on the number 4 sieve Russell Long Lake Lake Rice Lake Black 390 25 Lake 36 31 (4.76-millimeter pore space), depth to the water table, and percentage of 18 Lake Edward Silver Bear 375 36 405 36 1 Lake spall materials (Table 1). Very good to good quality deposits generally Garrison Mille Lake Lacs Trommald CASS COUNTY 371 375 375 Lake LAKE EDWARDS 360 360 contain less than 1.5 percent total spall materials.