Samba-3 by Example Practical Exercises in Successful Samba Deployment John H. Terpstra 25th April 2004 boo iii boo iv boo ABOUT THE COVER ARTWORK The cover artwork of this book continues a theme chosen for the book, The Official Samba-3 HOWTO and Reference Guide, the cover of which features a Confederate scene. Samba has had a major impact on the network deployment of Microsoft Windows desktop systems. The cover artwork of the two official Samba books tells of events that likewise had a major impact on the future. Samba-3 by Example Cover Artwork: King Alfred the Great (born 849, ruled 871-899) was one of the most amazing kings ever to rule England. He defended Anglo-Saxon England from Viking raids, formulated a code of laws, and fostered a rebirth of religious and scholarly activity. His reign exhibits military skill and innovation, sound governance and the ability to inspire men to plan for the future. Alfred liberated England at a time when all resistence seemed futile. Samba is a network interoperability solution that provides real choice for network admin- istrators. It is an adjunct to Microsoft Windows networks that provides interoperability of UNIX systems with Microsoft Windows desktop and server systems. You may use Samba to realize the freedom it provides for your network environment thanks to a dedicated team who work behind the scenes to give you a better choice. The efforts of these few dedicated developers continues to shape the future of the Windows interoperability landscape. Enjoy! v ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Samba-3 by Example would not have been written except as a result of feedback provided by reviewers of the book The Official Samba-3 HOWTO and Reference Guide. I hope this book more than answers the challenge and fills the void that was brought to my attention. I am deeply indebted to a large group of diligent people. Space prevents me from listing all of them, but a few stand out as worthy of mention. Jelmer Vernooij made the notable contribution of building the XML production environment and thereby made possible the typesetting of this book. Samba would not have come into existence if Andrew Tridgell had not taken the first steps. He continues to lead the project. Under the shadow of his mantle are some great guys who never give up and are always ready to help. Thank you to: Jeremy Allison, Jerry Carter, Andrew Bartlett, Jelmer Vernooij, Alexander Bokovoy, Volker Lendecke, and other team members who answered my continuous stream of questions — all of which resulted in improved content in this book. My heartfelt thanks go out also to a small set of reviewers (alphabetically listed) who gave substantial feedback and significant suggestions for improvement: Roland Gruber, Luke Howard, Jon Johnston, Alan Munter, Tarjei Huse, Mike MacIsaac, Scott Mann, Ed Riddle, Santos Soler, Mark Taylor, and J´erˆome Tournier. My appreciation is extended to a team of over 30 additional reviewers who helped me to find my way around dark corners. Particular mention is due to Lyndell, Amos and Melissa who gave me the latitude necessary to spend nearly a entire year writing Samba documentation. vi FOREWORD By Dan Kusnetzky, IDC IDC’s software research group has been conducting research on the market for software, including operating environments, for over twenty years. In 1994, the system software research team started to field questions from its subscribers on Linux. We had very little empirical data to offer when these queries first were heard, so IDC added Linux to its operating environment research agenda. The first demand and supply side research containing IDC’s findings on Linux started to appear in early 1995. IDC has watched as Linux marched from being software for computer hobbyists to being a mainstream choice in many markets worldwide. This march is very similar to the adoption cycle UNIX experienced in the 1970s and 1980s. Windows repeated this pattern of adoption during the 1980s and 1990s. IDC has long projected that Linux would be a mainstream choice in nearly all markets by the end of 2005. The software is well down that path now and just might beat IDC’s projections. As of the end of 2002, Linux was the number three desktop or client operating environment, responsible for nearly 3% of the worldwide shipments of client operating environment software. Linux was the number two server operating environment, responsible for nearly 25% of the worldwide shipments of server operating environment software. This is an amazing level of growth from its rather humble beginnings of holding less than 1% share of either client or server operating environment market when IDC first started publishing its findings on Linux. IDC’s demand-side studies have indicated that Linux is most often utilized as a platform for basic infrastructure services, such as supporting access to shared files and printers or supporting basic networking functions. IDC’s most recent survey, conducted in late 2003, indicated that supporting file and print services was the most common use of Linux. Samba and NFS are the most commonly mentioned approaches to offering file and print services on Linux. Nearly all of IDC’s operating environment studies have shown that Linux is being added into organizational networks that already include Windows, UNIX, and mainframe operating environments. This, of course, means that interoperability with these operating environments is a crucial success factor for Linux. All of this leads to the book in hand, Samba-3 By Example, by John H. Terp- stra, It addresses the most commonly heard questions about bringing Linux and Samba into a Windows or UNIX focused environment. Namely, organizations voice concerns about staff having sufficient levels of expertise to facilitate devel- opment, administration, operations and support activities around the adoption vii viii Foreword of Linux and Samba. I expect Samba-3 by Example will be of enormous help to Windows or UNIX administrators hoping to gain a level of comfort and famil- iarity with both Linux and Samba. Samba is a mature open source software product that is well established as a leading Windows file and print technology in use on large-scale UNIX systems. Its stability and scalability appears to be well respected. This book demonstrates easy approaches to implementing Samba-3 no matter whether your network is large or small. It is a book that would make a fine addition to the network administrators’ library! —Dan Kusnetzky, Vice President System Software Research, International Data Corporation By Andrew Tridgell, Samba Team I’ve always been the sort of computer user that learns best by example. Seeing a complete example matching a real-world use of a piece of software gives me an understanding of that software far better than reading detailed manuals. If, like me, you are the sort of computer user that learns best by example then this book is for you. I was also delighted to see the use of ethereal to illustrate the network protocols used by Samba. Ethereal has developed into a very sophisticated network anal- ysis tool, and familiarity with using ethereal is a very useful skill for any system administrator. Enjoy this book, and make the most of Samba! —Andrew Tridgell, President, Samba Team PREFACE Network administrators live busy lives. We face distractions and pressures that drive us to seek proven, working case scenarios that can be easily implemented. Often this approach lands us in trouble. There is a saying that, geometrically speaking, the shortest distance between two points is a straight line, but practically we find that the quickest route to a stable network solution is the long way around. This book is your means to the straight path. It provides step-by-step, proven, working examples of Samba deployments. If you want to deploy Samba-3 with the least effort, or if you want to become an expert at deploying Samba-3 without having to search through lots of documentation, this book is the ticket to your destination. Samba is software that can be run on a platform other than Microsoft Windows, for example, UNIX, Linux, IBM System 390, OpenVMS, and other operating systems. Samba uses the TCP/IP protocol that is installed on the host server. When correctly configured, it allows that host to interact with a Microsoft Windows client or server as if it is a Windows file and print server. This book will help you to implement Windows-compatible file and print services. The examples presented in this book are typical of various businesses and reflect the prob- lems and challenges they face. Care has been taken to preserve attitudes, perceptions, practices, and demands from real network case studies. The maximum benefit may be ob- tained from this book by working carefully through each exercise. You may be in a hurry to satisfy a specific need, so feel free to locate the example that most closely matches your need, copy it, and innovate as much as you like. Above all, enjoy the process of learning the secrets of MS Windows networking that is truly liberated by Samba. The focus of attention in this book is Samba-3. Specific notes are made in respect of how Samba may be made secure. This book does not attempt to provide detailed information regarding secure operation and configuration of peripheral services and applications such as OpenLDAP, DNS and DHCP, the need for which can be met from other resources that are dedicated to the subject. Why Is This Book Necessary? This book is the result of observations and feedback. The feedback from the Samba- HOWTO-Collection has been positive and complimentary. There have been requests for far more worked examples, a “Samba Cookbook,” and for training materials to help kick- start the process of mastering Samba.