Multilingual scientific e-document on the Web Azzeddine LAZREK University Cadi Ayyad, Faculty of Sciences Department of Computer Science Marrakesh - Morocco [email protected] http://www.ucam.ac.ma/fssm/rydarab 2008 Plan 1 MathML & Arabic notation MathML Adaptation to the Arabic notation 2 Dadzilla – Arabic MathML Navigator Dadzilla Versions ArMathmlEd – Mathematical editor Extension 3 CtoArP – CMathML to PMathML transformation Motivations CtoArP ArSelector – Notation selector Results MathML & Arabic notation MathML Dadzilla – Arabic MathML Navigator Adaptation to the Arabic notation CtoArP – CMathML to PMathML transformation MathML Mathematical Markup Language, W3C standard - 1999 Aim Allowing mathematics to be transmitted, processed and published on the Web MathML 1 and 2 The first two versions of MathML describe only mathematics in the European languages Separation Presentation MathML Content MathML Content MathML is generally language-neutral. In contrary, presentation MathML necessarily targets a specific language and notational conventions. Azzeddine LAZREK 3/32 Multilingual scientific e-document on the Web MathML & Arabic notation MathML Dadzilla – Arabic MathML Navigator Adaptation to the Arabic notation CtoArP – CMathML to PMathML transformation MathML Mathematical Markup Language, W3C standard - 1999 Aim Allowing mathematics to be transmitted, processed and published on the Web MathML 1 and 2 The first two versions of MathML describe only mathematics in the European languages Separation Presentation MathML Content MathML Content MathML is generally language-neutral. In contrary, presentation MathML necessarily targets a specific language and notational conventions. Azzeddine LAZREK 3/32 Multilingual scientific e-document on the Web MathML & Arabic notation MathML Dadzilla – Arabic MathML Navigator Adaptation to the Arabic notation CtoArP – CMathML to PMathML transformation MathML Mathematical Markup Language, W3C standard - 1999 Aim Allowing mathematics to be transmitted, processed and published on the Web MathML 1 and 2 The first two versions of MathML describe only mathematics in the European languages Separation Presentation MathML Content MathML Content MathML is generally language-neutral. In contrary, presentation MathML necessarily targets a specific language and notational conventions. Azzeddine LAZREK 3/32 Multilingual scientific e-document on the Web MathML & Arabic notation MathML Dadzilla – Arabic MathML Navigator Adaptation to the Arabic notation CtoArP – CMathML to PMathML transformation MathML Mathematical Markup Language, W3C standard - 1999 Aim Allowing mathematics to be transmitted, processed and published on the Web MathML 1 and 2 The first two versions of MathML describe only mathematics in the European languages Separation Presentation MathML Content MathML Content MathML is generally language-neutral. In contrary, presentation MathML necessarily targets a specific language and notational conventions. Azzeddine LAZREK 3/32 Multilingual scientific e-document on the Web MathML & Arabic notation MathML Dadzilla – Arabic MathML Navigator Adaptation to the Arabic notation CtoArP – CMathML to PMathML transformation Content MathML Semantically, an Arabic ma- thematical expression has the same functionality as its Latin equivalent: same content MathML tree skele- ton but with different content for token elements. Azzeddine LAZREK 4/32 Multilingual scientific e-document on the Web MathML & Arabic notation MathML Dadzilla – Arabic MathML Navigator Adaptation to the Arabic notation CtoArP – CMathML to PMathML transformation Presentation MathML Only rendering aspects need to be taken into account: same presentation MathML tree skeleton with different content for token elements is insufficient. Azzeddine LAZREK 5/32 Multilingual scientific e-document on the Web X MathML & Arabic notation MathML Dadzilla – Arabic MathML Navigator Adaptation to the Arabic notation CtoArP – CMathML to PMathML transformation Direction <math dir="rtl"> 2 X 1 = ( ) <mi>X </mi> − <mo>(</mo> <mi> </mi> <mo>)</mo> <mo>=</mo> <msup> <mi> </mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> </math> Azzeddine LAZREK 6/32 Multilingual scientific e-document on the Web MathML & Arabic notation MathML Dadzilla – Arabic MathML Navigator Adaptation to the Arabic notation CtoArP – CMathML to PMathML transformation Direction Bidi Unicode algorithm À <mn>1</mn> 1+2 À 1+ 2 º <mo>+</mo> − º − <mi> À</mi> <mo>-º</mo> <mn>2</mn> Azzeddine LAZREK 6/32 Multilingual scientific e-document on the Web MathML & Arabic notation MathML Dadzilla – Arabic MathML Navigator Adaptation to the Arabic notation CtoArP – CMathML to PMathML transformation Direction © © É ã X YªË@ É ã X YªË@ ® <mn> ® </mn> <mn> Le nombre z´ero </mn> Le nombre z´ero Azzeddine LAZREK 6/32 Multilingual scientific e-document on the Web MathML & Arabic notation MathML Dadzilla – Arabic MathML Navigator Adaptation to the Arabic notation CtoArP – CMathML to PMathML transformation Additional variants mathvariant attribute Azzeddine LAZREK 7/32 Multilingual scientific e-document on the Web MathML & Arabic notation MathML Dadzilla – Arabic MathML Navigator Adaptation to the Arabic notation CtoArP – CMathML to PMathML transformation Symbols mirrors The attributes lspace/rspace and lquote/rquote are to be interpreted as open/closed, instead of left/right respectively. <math> . | <ms lquote='|' rquote='.'> </ms> </math> Azzeddine LAZREK 8/32 Multilingual scientific e-document on the Web MathML & Arabic notation MathML Dadzilla – Arabic MathML Navigator Adaptation to the Arabic notation CtoArP – CMathML to PMathML transformation Kashida 1 Using CSS text-justify: kashida 2 Using new entities characters &asum ; Azzeddine LAZREK 9/32 Multilingual scientific e-document on the Web MathML & Arabic notation MathML Dadzilla – Arabic MathML Navigator Adaptation to the Arabic notation CtoArP – CMathML to PMathML transformation Additional constructions <math dir="rtl"> <menclose notation="madruwb"> <mn>12</mn> </menclose> </math> Azzeddine LAZREK 10/32 Multilingual scientific e-document on the Web MathML & Arabic notation MathML Dadzilla – Arabic MathML Navigator Adaptation to the Arabic notation CtoArP – CMathML to PMathML transformation MathML extension After examining all notational conventions, in current use with Arabic, the following step is to clarify the specification of MathML, proposing extensions where needed, so that MathML has the broadest coverage possible proposals: Direction: the overall mathematical directionality should be determined by a dir attribute on the outermost math and mrow elements ; which takes one of the values ltr or rtl. The text content of each token element should be treated as a separate directional segment and the bidirectional algorithm should be applied to each independently Additional value for mathvariant: isolated, initial, tailed, looped, stretched and double-struck Mirroring: code-points for Arabic mathematical symbols are not available yet, but appropriately marked for mirroring Arabic specific notation: additional allowed value madruwb for the notation attribute menclose of factorial symbol. Azzeddine LAZREK 11/32 Multilingual scientific e-document on the Web MathML & Arabic notation MathML Dadzilla – Arabic MathML Navigator Adaptation to the Arabic notation CtoArP – CMathML to PMathML transformation MathML extension After examining all notational conventions, in current use with Arabic, the following step is to clarify the specification of MathML, proposing extensions where needed, so that MathML has the broadest coverage possible proposals: Direction: the overall mathematical directionality should be determined by a dir attribute on the outermost math and mrow elements ; which takes one of the values ltr or rtl. The text content of each token element should be treated as a separate directional segment and the bidirectional algorithm should be applied to each independently Additional value for mathvariant: isolated, initial, tailed, looped, stretched and double-struck Mirroring: code-points for Arabic mathematical symbols are not available yet, but appropriately marked for mirroring Arabic specific notation: additional allowed value madruwb for the notation attribute menclose of factorial symbol. Azzeddine LAZREK 11/32 Multilingual scientific e-document on the Web MathML & Arabic notation MathML Dadzilla – Arabic MathML Navigator Adaptation to the Arabic notation CtoArP – CMathML to PMathML transformation MathML extension After examining all notational conventions, in current use with Arabic, the following step is to clarify the specification of MathML, proposing extensions where needed, so that MathML has the broadest coverage possible proposals: Direction: the overall mathematical directionality should be determined by a dir attribute on the outermost math and mrow elements ; which takes one of the values ltr or rtl. The text content of each token element should be treated as a separate directional segment and the bidirectional algorithm should be applied to each independently Additional value for mathvariant: isolated, initial, tailed, looped, stretched and double-struck Mirroring: code-points for Arabic mathematical symbols are not available yet, but appropriately marked for mirroring Arabic specific notation: additional allowed value madruwb for the notation attribute menclose of factorial symbol. Azzeddine LAZREK 11/32 Multilingual scientific e-document on the Web MathML & Arabic notation MathML Dadzilla – Arabic MathML Navigator Adaptation to the Arabic notation CtoArP – CMathML to PMathML