FINAL REPORT REDD+PES DESIGN DOCUMENT FOR TEMPERATE FOREST ECOSYSTEM KAGHAN VALLEY ii FINAL REPORT REDD+PES DESIGN DOCUMENT FOR TEMPERATE FOREST ECOSYSTEM KAGHAN VALLEY iii Table of Contents LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS....................................................................................................................xii PREFACE ......................................................................................................................................... xvi EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................................................................................... xvii CHAPTER-1 .........................................................................................................................................1 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................................1 1.1 Physical Context of Kaghan Valley ................................................................................. 1 1.2 Geology, Rock and Soil ................................................................................................... 1 1.3 Climate ............................................................................................................................. 1 1.4 Surface Water and Flooding............................................................................................. 2 1.5 Forests and other Natural Resources ................................................................................ 2 1.6 Socio-economic Context .................................................................................................. 3 1.7 Institutional Context ......................................................................................................... 3 1.7.1 Organizational and Legal Context ..................................................................................3 1.7.2 Policy Context ..............................................................................................................5 1.8 Temperate Forests Ecosystem Services ........................................................................... 7 1.9 Threats to Temperate Forests and Challenges of Forest Management ............................ 9 1.9.1 Threats to various forest ecosystems in Pakistan ............................................................9 1.9.2 Threats to Forests in Kaghan Valley ............................................................................. 10 1.9.3 Major Challenges to Sustainable Forest Management................................................... 10 CHAPTER-2 ....................................................................................................................................... 11 2 PROCESS FOR DESIGNING PROJECT DESIGN DOCUMENT ............................................................. 11 2.1 Data Collection, Consultation and Research.................................................................. 11 2.2 Collection and Analysis of the available information .................................................... 12 2.3 Socio-economic Survey.................................................................................................. 12 2.4 Tourism Assessment Survey .......................................................................................... 13 2.5 Analysis of Policies, Laws and Regulations .................................................................. 13 2.6 Benefit Sharing Mechanism ........................................................................................... 13 2.7 Institutional Arrangement .............................................................................................. 14 2.8 International Experiences ............................................................................................... 14 2.9 Forest Carbon Inventory................................................................................................. 14 2.10 Boundary setting ......................................................................................................... 15 CHAPTER-3 ....................................................................................................................................... 16 iv 3 PROJECT DESIGN DOCUMENT .................................................................................................... 16 3.1 Summary Description of the Project .............................................................................. 16 3.1.1 Watershed Protection................................................................................................. 17 3.1.2 Biodiversity Conservation and promotion of Eco-tourism.............................................. 18 3.1.3 Climate Change Mitigation and Adaption ..................................................................... 18 3.1.4 Protection and Conservation of Non-Timber Forest Products ........................................ 19 3.1.5 Landscape stabilization and prevention/control of landslides ........................................ 19 3.2 Sectoral Scope and Project Type.................................................................................... 20 3.3 Project Proponent ........................................................................................................... 21 3.4 Other Entities Involved in the Project ............................................................................ 21 3.5 Project Start Date ........................................................................................................... 21 3.6 Project Crediting Period ................................................................................................. 21 3.7 Project Scale and Estimated GHG Emission Reductions or Removals ......................... 22 3.7.1 Estimated GHG Emission Reductions or Removals ........................................................ 22 3.8 Description of the Project Activity................................................................................. 24 3.8.1 Project Goal ............................................................................................................... 24 3.8.2 Project Objectives....................................................................................................... 24 3.8.3 Project Program of Activities (PoAs)............................................................................. 24 3.9 Project Location ............................................................................................................. 43 3.10 Business as Usual Scenario, Project Scenario and Comparison of Business as Usual and Project Scenarios ................................................................................................................ 43 3.11 Stakeholder Engagement as PES Services Providers, Facilitators and Supporters .... 43 3.12 Legal Status and Property Rights ............................................................................... 45 CHAPTER-4 ....................................................................................................................................... 47 4 ECOSYSTEM SERVICES IDENTIFIED FOR PES SCHEME ................................................................... 47 4.1 Overview ........................................................................................................................ 47 4.2 Watershed protection values .......................................................................................... 53 4.2.1 Annual water production in Kaghan Valley ................................................................... 53 4.2.2 Habitat conservation for future generations................................................................. 54 4.2.3 Land stabilization and prevention of landslides and other erosion ................................. 54 4.3 Biodiversity conservation and promotion of ecotourism ............................................... 56 4.3.1 Trophy and other hunting ........................................................................................... 56 4.4 Carbon and other forest wood products ......................................................................... 57 v 4.4.1 Timber harvesting....................................................................................................... 57 4.4.2 Annual fuelwood consumption .................................................................................... 58 4.4.3 Forest Carbon Stocks in Kaghan Valley ......................................................................... 59 4.5 Value of Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) in Kaghan Valley............................... 60 4.5.1 Free-grazing fodder for livestock ................................................................................. 60 4.5.2 Medicinal plant utilization value .................................................................................. 61 4.5.3 Commercial fish farming in Kaghan Valley .................................................................... 62 4.5.4 Gems and precious stones collection ........................................................................... 63 4.6 Conclusion on monetized values from Kaghan PES area .............................................. 64 CHAPTER-5 ....................................................................................................................................... 67 5 BUYERS AND SELLERS OF THE IDENTIFIED ECOSYSTEM SERVICES.................................................