All India Animal Husbandry Officers' Workshop cum Training Program on Enabling Extension Functionaries to Address Field Level Problems in Animal Husbandry (October 26-29, 2015) Sponsored by: National Institute of Agricultural Extension Management, Hyderabad Organized by: Division of Dairy Extension ICAR - National Dairy Research Institute KARNAL – 132001 (Haryana) India Published by : Dr. A. K. Srivastava Director & Vice Chancellor ICAR-NDRI, Karnal Edited by : Gopal Sankhala N. Balasubramani H. R. Meena Ritu Chakravarty B. S. Meena Khajan Singh Citation: Gopal Sankhala, N. Balasubramani, H. R. Meena, Ritu Chakravarty, B. S. Meena, and Khajan Singh (Eds.) 2015. Enabling Extension Functionaries to Address Field Level Problems in Animal Husbandry in compendium of All India Animal Husbandry Officers’ Workshop -2015. pp 1-144. Disclaimer: The views expressed in the articles are the sole responsibility of the respective authors. The editors or organizer bear no responsibility with regard to source and authenticity of the contents. Printing: Intech Printers & Publishers 343, Ist Floor, Mugal Canal Market, Karnal - 132 001 (Haryana) India Contact Nos.: 0184-4043541, 93157 80004 Email: [email protected] FOREWORD Animal Husbandry & Dairying plays a vital role in securing livelihood for millions of rural and urban households. While farmers adopting technologies due to influence of knowledge driven by multiple extension strategies, they also tend to face numerous problems at field level which significantly affect the productivity and profitability in animal husbandry. This requires to be addressed through generating income and employment by providing immediate solution along with enabling strategies in order to motivate the farmers especially educated rural youth and women towards dairy farming. A four days All India Animal Husbandry Officers’ Workshop cum Training Programme on “Enabling Extension Functionaries to Address Field Level Problems in Animal Husbandry” will be organized in the Division of Dairy Extension at NDRI, Karnal from October 26-29, 2015 in collaboration of National Institute for Agricultural Extension Management (MANAGE), Hyderabad with emphasis on capacity building of field functionaries in the recent developments in the dairy sector to disseminate the latest technologies, innovations and extension methodologies for effective transfer of scientific information to the stakeholders as per their needs. The workshop cum training programme will provide an opportunity to Animal Husbandry & Dairy Development Officers of different states to discuss the emerging problems and issues of dairying under field conditions with the scientists and develop strategies to handle these field related problems. The efforts of the organizers from NDRI and MANAGE deserve appreciation. I congratulate and welcome all the participants, who have joined this Programme from various states of the country. I also convey my best wishes for the success of this Programme. (A.K. Srivastava) PrefaCE National Institute of Agricultural Extension Management (MANAGE), Hyderabad in collaboration with the Dairy Division Extension Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal (Haryana), is organizing A four day All India Animal Husbandry Officers’ Workshop cum Training Programme on “Enabling Extension Functionaries to Address Field Level Problems in Animal Husbandry” from October 26-29, 2015. The training programme is designed to orient extension functionaries on various issues of field problems current scenario of livestock sector and familiarize them with various extension management approaches and models of entrepreneurship development in livestock sector. The organizers hope that the participants will benefit greatly from the four day deliberations and interactive sessions. The All India Animal Husbandry Officers’ Workshop cum Training programme will provide an opportunity to Animal Husbandry / Dairy Development Officers of the states to discuss the emerging problems and issues of dairying under field conditions with the Scientists and develop strategies to handle these field related problems. This workshop will also be attended by Senior Officers from department of Animal Husbandry of different states. Based on discussion, a policy paper will be published which will be useful to scientists, field workers, Govt. and policy makers in finalizing a roadmap for solutions of various issues and field problems faced by the stakeholders of dairy farming in India. Without the benevolence of Hon’ble Director and Vice Chancellor, NDRI Dr. A. K. Srivastava, no programme would be successful. He has always been a constant source of motivation, support and guidance, to make this training programme possible. We fall short of words to express our gratitude to him. We express our heartfelt gratitude to Hon’ble Director General, MANAGE, Smt. V. Usha Rani, IAS, for giving emphasis for promotion allied sector extension management and for keen interest in networking with various related research organization like NDRI, for the benefit of the farming community. We thank immensely Director General, MANAGE for continuous guidance and for sponsoring the programme. We express our sincere thanks to Dr. R.K. Malik, Joint Director (Research), NDRI, for kind cooperation and help for the success of this programme. Editors CONTENTS 1. Entrepreneurship Development in Rural Areas through Specialized Dairy Farming 1 Gopal Sankhala, H.R. Meena and Khajan Singh 2. Breeding Policies and Programmes for Improvement of Cattle and Buffaloes in India 7 Dr. A K Chakravarty and Dr. Avtar Singh 3. Preparation of Techno-Economic Feasibility Report of a Dairy Project, using computer simulated model 14 Dr P S Oberoi 4. Extension Management-Recent Initiatives 20 Dr. N. Balasubramani 5. Clean Milk Production 30 Gopal Sankhala, H. R. Meena, B. S. Meena and Kiran R 6. Effective Disposal and Utilization of Dairy farm Waste 35 S.S. Lathwal and Indu Devi 7. Climatic variability and extreme weather events: impacts on livestock productive and reproductive performance and amelioration strategies 40 S.V. Singh 8. Major Reproductive Problems of Dairy Animals and Practices for Improved Reproductive Efficiency 52 A. Kumaresan 9. Effect of feed supplements, minerals and vitamins on animal production 60 S.S.Thakur and M.S.Mahesh 10. Fodder Production and Preservation 70 Rakesh Kumar and Magan Singh 11. Developments in Value Added and Fortified Dairy Products 84 Ashish Kumar Singh, Sanket Borad, Neelam Upadhyay 12. Quick tests for checking adulteration in dairy products 89 Rajan Sharma, Bimlesh Mann, Satya K and Dhiraj Kumar Nanda 13. Artificial Insemination and Sexed Semen for Animal Husbandry Development 94 T.K. Mohanty and M. Bhakat 14. Vaccination Schedule in Livestock and Production Disease 102 Dr. Kriti Dua 15. Judicious Use of Antibiotics in Veterinary Practice 105 V. K. Dumka 16. Treatment and Control of Bovine Mastitis 109 Dhiraj Kumar Gupta 17. Commercial Goat Farming in India 115 M. Bhakat, T.K. Patbandha, T.K. Mohanty, A. Singh and S. Mondal 18. Making dairy farming profitable through precision farming 123 HK Verma and RK Sharma 19. Farmers Farm School: A Grass Root Approach for Strengthening Farming community 128 B.S. Meena and H.R. Meena 20. Mobile based Text & Voice Messaging services for Livestock Keepers 132 H R Meena, G.S. Sankhala and B.S. Meena 21. Burning issues in animal husbandry sector of India 136 K. Ponnusamy, Khajan Singh and N. Balasubramani Entrepreneurship Development in Rural Areas through Specialized Dairy Farming Gopal Sankhala, H.R. Meena and Khajan Singh ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal - 132 001 Dairying and agriculture are bound together by a set of mutual input-output relationships. Dairying is not an adjunct to the crop-mix of Indian farms, but an integral part of the total farming system. Dairy development has important role in not only generating employment and enhancing livelihood opportunities of rural people but also improving the nutritional standard of the people. Dairy Industry in India is one of the fastest expanding in the world. The demand for milk is tremendous, and is growing not only in cities but also in small towns and rural areas. Over the past two decades, dairy farming has grown from this largely unorganized activity, into a vast organized industry, that encompasses not only increased production of milk and milk products, but also the breeding of higher yielding cattle, and the scientific rearing of cattle and production of cattle feeds. Now India is the largest milk producer in the world with over 106 million tones of milk. A government policy for milk and milk products, coupled with emergence of Amul type cooperatives has changed the scenario of dairy farming in the country. Despite the robust trends in the dairy development of the country, milk productivity is still less than one-fourth of the productivity being relived in many developed countries. The major concerns facing the dairy sector in the area of milk production are: large number of unproductive animals and low milk productivity of dairy animals. The average milk yield per milch cattle has been reported around 987 Kg per lactation in India as compared to 7038 Kg per lactation in USA and more than 9291 Kg per lactation in Israel (Hegde 2006). Limited usage of right quality and quantity of feed to the dairy animals and inadequate health care infrastructure are other important issues. The manufacturing of milk products is concentrated mainly in milk surplus States. The top five