A MONTHLY MAGAZINE DEVOTED TO THE BIOGRAPHY, GENEALOGY, 'HISTORY AND ANTIQUITIES OF ESSEX COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS -- - ILLUSTRATED SALEM, MASS. : Efp 4essex antiquar iair. 1897. CONTENTS. , ., ABOLITIONISTS,The, 125. LYNN,BOUNDS OF, 45. ABORNGENEALOGY, 161. LYNN,HISTORICAL SKETCH OF FIRSTCHURCH ABRAHAMFAMILY, 174. IN, 151. &RAM FAMILY,174. MARRIAGES,Second, - --s7. ACIEGENEALOGY, 190. Smock, 57. AMESBURYINSCRIPTIONS : MUZZEY,ROBERT, Will of, 159. Salisbury Point Cemetery, 28. MYSTERIOUSLAND, The, 173. Cemetery near Depot, 5 I. NEVILL.WILLIAM. Will of. 112. Union Cemetery, 119, 143, 164. Salisbury Plains Cemetery, 167, 190. ANCESTOR,The, 141. ANDOVERIN THE FIRSTLOUISBURG EXPEDITION, 177. ANDREWS,ROBERT,W~ of, 142. ANSWERSTO QUERIES,I, 52; 3, 34; 4, 34; 5, 118; 6, 34; 7, 34; I I, 67; 19, 68; 20, 118 ; 21, 86; 24, 134; 26, 86; 30, 102; 35, 182; 36, 134; 37,-198; 38, 134; 43, 10% 46, 135. 150; 52,102; 53, 118; 54, 134; 64, 150; QUERIES,1-10, 16; 11-14 4; 15-21, 52; 22- 69, 134; 74, 150; 75, 166; 80, 166; 81, 36, 66; 37-53.86; 5.+16$, ro1 ; 69-74, 118; 182; 82, 182; 83, 182; 87, 198. 75-79, 134; 80-93. 149; 94-104) 166 i 105- BAILEY,REV. JACOB,69. I I 116-123, 197. BROWNE,GEORGE, Will of, 76. RECEIPT,AN ANCIENT,65. CARTWRIGHT,BETHIAH, Will of, 30. RESEARCH,THE CHARMOF, 150. CHURCHMAN,HUGH, Wd of, 177. REVOLUTION,Letters of the, 46. COMMERCIALHISTORY OF SALEM,I. Soldienand Sailors of the, 7,31, 63, 101, 130, CONSTITUTION,The Frigate. 189. 1571 195. CONTRACTIONSIN COLONIAL WRITINGS, 133. ROLFE. HENRY,Will of, 65. CUMMINOS,JOANNA, Will of, 187. DESERTEDVILLAGE, The, 43. DILLINGHAM,SARAH, Will of, 13. DROWNINGACCIDENT, 66. EARTHQUAKEOF 1638, 173. FENCES.EARLY, 25. SANDERS,JOHN, Wi of. 133. FEENCROFTINN, 53. SCARLET,ANNE, Will of, IW. GLOUCESTER'SDESERTED VILLAGE, 43. SIDEBOARD,THE ANCIENTPUTNAM, 181. GRIST-MILL,The Old, 109. SMITH,SAMUEL, Will of, 44. HANDWRITING,COLQNIAL, I 75. SPINNINGBEE, 51. HAVERHILL,THROAT DISTEMPER IN, 10. SPINNINGIN THE OLDENTIME, 87. HEATING,METHODS OF, IN THE OLDENTIME, STORMOF 1635, THE GREAT, 93. 183. THROATDISTEMPER IN HAVERHILL,10. INSCRIPTIONS.See Amcsbury fnscripfions. UNIONCEMETERY, AMESBURY, 119, 143, 164. IPSWICHGRANT, AN EARLY,92. VILLAGE,THE DESERTED, 43. IPSWICHMEMORIAL TABLETS, 15. VOYAGING,EARLY, 93. IpswrcH SOLDIERS,149. WALLS,THEOLD STONE, 25. Lsns~s,REVOLUTIONARY, 46. WILLS, OUR FATHERS',159. ILLUSTRATIONS. ABBOTHOUSE, Andovei, 35. LYNN,MEETING-HOUSES OF FIBST CHURCH IN: ACIE, WILLIAM,Autograph of, Igo. Meeting-House, 1632-1682, 151. ALLEYHOUSE, Lynn, 153. Old Tunnel," 151. AUTOGRAPHOF WILLIAMACIE, 190. Meeting-House, 1827-1837, 154. BAILEY,REV. JACOB,69. Meeting-House, 1837-1870, 155. Birthplace of, 70. Resent Church, 157. MERCHANTMEN,THE LASTOF THE OLD, I. BPAKL, -9 90. CARDS,HAND, 91. NICHOLS~IoMEsT~AD, 53. CHIMNEY.EAPLIBST, 183. NORFOLKCOUNTY, OLD, MAPOF, 19. COOKIS,REV. PAPSONS,D. D., 156. PEABODYGRIST-MILL, TOPSFIELD, 103. DISTAFF,91. PORTER,HATHORNE, I 19. DOGTOWNHOUSE, A Typical, 42. REEL, Clock, 91. DRIVER,"89. Hand, 91. FENCES,Board, 27. SIDEBOARD,THE ANCIENT PUTNAM, 167. Brush. 26. SOUTHWICK,PROVIDED, ATTEMPTED SALE OF, Snak; 27. 135. Split-rail, 27. SPINNINGWHEEL, Linen, 89. Two-nil, 26. Old Wool, 87. FLPNCROFT INN, 56. STOVE,Foot, 184. FIRE-FUME,187. The Early Franklin, 184. FIREPLACE,Early Stone, 183. STOVES,VARIOUS, 187. FOOTSTOVE, 184. SWINGLEKNIFE, go. HANDWRITING,COLONIAL, 175, 176. WALL,Half-high, 27. HATCHEL,90. Stone, 27. CO~CIAL.HISTORY OF SALEM. BY SIDNEY PERLEY. SALEMwas settled by a class of men ketches, measuring from twenty to forty who were different in several respects from tons burthen, and manned by four, five those of the other towns of the Massachu- or six men each. In 1688, there was setts Bay colony. They were sea-faring, only one ship, her tonnage being one hun- having been engaged in fishing at Cape dred and thirty tons. In 1698, Salem Ann for five years. The maritime ad- had on the water one ship of eighty tons vantages of the situation of Salem un- and another of two hundred, one bark, doubtedly attracted them thither, and three sloops and twenty ketches. resulted in the commercial activity of the Higginson wrote of the trade here in town in later years. At the very begin- I 700 as follows : " Dry, merchantable ning of Endicott's government here he codfish for the markets of Spain, Portugal was directed by the home company to and the Straits, refuse fish, lumber, horses send to England as return cargoes, and provisions for the West Indies. Re- "staves, sarsaparilla, sumack, sturgeon and turns made directly to England are su- other fish and beaver." The waters of gar, molasses, cotton, wool, logwood and the harbor and rivers contained immense Brasiletto-wood, for which we depend on quantities of fish, and for more than a the West Indies. Our own produce, a century they were the staple export, a considerable quantity of whaleand fish- Winter island being the headquarters of oil, whalebone, furs, deer, elk, and bear- the fish trade. Even as late as the pres- skins are annually sent to England. We ent century, salmon swam the North have much shipping here and rates are river in such numbers that they constitu- low." ted the main article of animal food of the Commerce was continued in similar dwellers on its banks; and theindentures lines and with but little increase to the of apprentices contained a clause provid- beginning of the Revolution. With the ex- ing that they should not be compelled to ception of Boston and New York, Beverly, eat salmon more than three times each Marblehead and Salem were the principal week. commercial ports of the province, having About 1640, vessels were sailed to An- most of the shipping. tigua and Barbadoes, some of the Leeward The patriots of the colonies, without Islands and the large islands of the West ships of war, found themselves at issue Indies, the Bermudas, Virginia and Eng- with the most powerful maritime nation land; and in 1644 Josselyn wrote that in of the world. Boston and New York Wem there "we many rich merchants." were occupied and crippled by the enemy, Within the next twenty-five years, trade and the success of the Americans was was extended to Spain, France and Hol- early believed to lie in the hands of the land. patriotic merchants of Salem bay. De- The great majority of vessels then en- votion to the cause of independence was gaged in commerce from Salem were nowhere more extensive or truer than in 2 THE ESSEX ANTIQUARIAN. the hearts of the merchants of Salem, and ing them stranded. They had sailed the those who sailed their ships over the Spanish main, and had had frequent meet- ocean. Broad-minded &d generous, the ings with the buccaneers of the ocean for owners recognized the exigency of the years. Perilous voyages were the most times and turned their vessels into priva- attractive. Most of the sailors were still teers, arming them with cannon; and young, and full of life and daring. The their gallant crews volunteered to man prospect of voyages to distant and un- them. Out upon the deep they sailed, known countries was fascinating to them, with hearts of courage and daring, to meet and when the merchants announced their in mortal combat the powerful navy of intention of opening up trade with the re- England. mote parts of the globe there was no lack Not only did they use the vessels al- of seamen. ready built, but the merchants had larger The snow-white sails of the merchant- and better onesconstructed, equipped and ships of Salem were soon seen in every manned for this very service. During the water of the then known world, and Salem war more than one hundred and fifty- became famous in the uttermost parts, its eight vessels were thus sent out from name becoming as widely known as that Salem. They carried upward of two of America. thousand guns in all, averaging about Many of the voyages of the merchant- fourteen each, and were manned by sev- ships were not less exciting and danger- eral thousand seamen. They took four ous than the experiences of the privateers hundred and forty-five prizes, an average in the Revolution. The history of the of nearly three to each vessel. The story period is crowded with incidents of dar- of these privateers upon the ocean is a ing and adventure in unknown seas and very important, and the most interesting, in ports never before visited by Ameri- fascinating and romantic part of the his- cans, encounters with pirates and tribes of toryof the struggle for independence. The cruel and treacherous savages, who were secluded conflicts at sea, between single ready to commitany atrocity for plunder, vessels, had few witnesses, and little, com- contests with the armed ships of France pared with the amount of knowledge we and England, imprisonment among the have of the battles fought on land, is there- Algerines and in the dungeons of France fore known of the history of the capture and Spain. Now and then Salem crews of these four hundred and forty-five prizes. fell victims to the pirates and cruel Ma- Little commerce in the way of trade lays. Even the most romantic imagina- had been carried on during the seven tions fail to conceive the parallel of those years of war, and on the return of peace times. the merchants found themselves possessed It has already been said that the sea- of many swift-sailing vessels larger than men were young, but it will not be learned any they had used prior to the Revolution. from that statement alone how very youth- They were too large to be profitably em- ful some of them were.