The Red List of Magnoliaceae Daniele Cicuzza, Adrian Newton and Sara Oldfield The Red List of Magnoliaceae Daniele Cicuzza, Adrian Newton and Sara Oldfield The Red List of Magnoliaceae FAUNA & FLORA INTERNATIONAL (FFI), founded in THE GLOBAL TREES CAMPAIGN is a joint initiative 1903 and the world’s oldest international developed by FFI and the UNEP World conservation organization, acts to conserve Conservation Monitoring Centre in partnership threatened species and ecosystems world- with BGCI and a wide range of other organizations wide, choosing solutions that are sustainable, around the world. The aim of the Campaign is to are based on sound science and take account save the world’s most threatened trees and the of human needs. habitats in which they grow through the provision of information, delivery of conservation action and BOTANIC GARDENS CONSERVATION INTERNATIONAL support for sustainable use. (BGCI) is a membership organization linking botanic gardens in over 100 countries in a THE IUCN/SSC GLOBAL TREE SPECIALIST GROUP shared commitment to biodiversity conser- forms part of the Species Survival Commission’s vation, sustainable use and environmental volunteer network of over 7000 volunteers education. BGCI aims to mobilize botanic working to stop the loss of plants, animals and gardens and work with partners to secure plant their habitats. SSC is the largest of the six diversity for the well-being of people and the Commissions of IUCN-The World Conservation planet. BGCI provides the Secretariat for the Union. It serves as the main source of advice to IUCN/SSC Global Tree Specialist Group. the Union and its members on the technical aspects of species conservation. The aims of the IUCN/SSC Global Tree Specialist Group are to promote and implement global red listing for trees and act in an advisory capacity to the Global Trees Campaign. Published by Fauna & Flora International, AUTHORS PHOTOS AND ILLUSTRATIONS Cambridge, UK. Daniele Cicuzza, School of Conservation Sciences, Front cover and title page background: Magnolia Bournemouth University. sinicum, Zhang Yu © 2007 Fauna & Flora International Front cover composite (left to right): Magnolia Professor Adrian Newton, Centre for Conservation coriacea, Sun Weibang; Magnolia grandis, Yan Lu; ISBN: 9781 903703 23 6 Ecology, Bournemouth University, and Vice-Chair Magnolia sp., John-Paul Shirreffs of the IUCN/SSC Global Tree Specialist Group. Reproduction of any part of the publication for LAYOUT educational, conservation and other non-profit Sara Oldfield, Secretary General of Botanic John-Paul Shirreffs purposes is authorized without prior permission Gardens Conservation International (BGCI) and from the copyright holder, provided that the source Chair of the IUCN/SSC Global Tree Specialist is fully acknowledged. Group. Reproduction for resale or other commercial pur- poses is prohibited without prior written permission from the copyright holder. The opinion of the individual authors does not The designation of geographical entities in this necessarily reflect the opinion of either the editors document and the presentation of the material do or Fauna & Flora International. not imply any expression on the part of the authors A Banson production or Fauna & Flora International concerning the The authors and Fauna & Flora International take 17f Sturton Street legal status of any country, territory or area, or its no responsibility for any misrepresentation of Cambridge CB1 2QG authorities, or concerning the delineation of its material from translation of this document into any frontiers or boundaries. other language. Printed on FSC paper by The Lavenham Press 2 The Red List of Magnoliaceae CONTENTS Acknowledgements 4 Foreword 5 Acronyms 6 Introduction 7 References 14 Globally threatened Magnoliaceae 17 Magnoliaceae evaluated as Least Concern 42 Magnoliaceae not yet evaluated 44 References 47 ANNEX I IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria 49 3 The Red List of Magnoliaceae ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS any experts around the world Flora International), Shi Wensen (Yunnan have contributed information and Keseng Cooperation Ltd.) M undertaken assessments for this global evaluation, and their contributions Dr Georgina Magin, Global Trees Campaign are gratefully acknowledged. The GIS work Coordinator, also supported many aspects was carried out by Daniele Cicuzza at of the project, including valuable assistance Bournemouth University with generous with final editing of the report and liaison support from Jeff Chartrand and Vanessa with production. Jemima Taylor, Red Listing Constant of Bournemouth University. The assistant at BGCI, helped source reference assistance of staff at the Missouri Botanical material at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Garden and Lera Miles at UNEP-WCMC Kew and collated information for the final is gratefully acknowledged. Wolfgang Bopp species listings. Martin Aveling worked on kindly provided geographical data for a the maps for publication. selection of Magnoliaceae species. The work of Daniele Cicuzza was supported by Other experts who have contributed infor- an exchange grant from La Sapienza mation include Eduardo Calderón Saenz University of Rome. and Marcela Serna González, who provided information on the Magnolia species of Paul Mathew, formerly the Secretary of the Colombia; Dr Lillian Chua, Forest Research Global Tree Specialist Group, carried out Institute Malaysia; Professor I.A.U.N. much of the initial work for the evaluation as Gunatilleke, University of Peradeniya; Dr part of his work at Fauna & Flora International Milcíades Mejía, National Botanic Garden of and was responsible for organising the Mag- the Dominican Republic; Alejandro Palmarola noliaceae red listing workshop held in Bejerano, Jardín Botánico Nacional, Cuba; Kunming, China in June 2004. Participants in John Sugau, Sabah Forest Department; the China workshop were Li Yuyuan, Sima Professor Sun Weibang, Kunming Botanic Yongkang, Fang Bo, Jiang Hong, Zhang Gardens; Dr Andrew Vovides, Instituto de Maoqin and Xu Liang (Yunnan Academy of Ecología, Xalapa, Mexico; Dr Jan Wolf, Forestry Sciences), Gong Xun and Sun University of Amsterdam; Peter Wharton, Weibang (Kunming Institute of Botany), University of British Columbia Botanic Xu Tao (Department of Biology, Yunnan Garden. Dick Figlar has kindly commented University), Li Daxiao (Breeding Center of on the nomenclature followed and provided Endangered Plants, Kunming), Zeng Qing- guidance on recent taxonomic literature. wen (South China Botanical Garden, Guangdong), Zhou Ren-zhang (South China The provision of photographs and drawings Institute of Botany, Guangdong), Paul for this report is also gratefully acknowledged Mathew, Yan Lu and Zhang Yingyi (Fauna & with credits given alongside each image. 4 The Red List of Magnoliaceae FOREWORD rees are important to the wellbeing grow. The Global Trees Campaign provides of people in every country of the an important practical mechanism for imp- T world, providing essential ecological, lementation of the Global Strategy for Plant economic and cultural services. Trees of Conservation of the Convention on Biological the Magnoliaceae family are valued for their Diversity. Global tree red listing contributes timber, medicinal and food products and directly to Target 2 of the Strategy, which for their ornamental values. They are also of calls for a provisional list of threatened plant exceptional scientific importance in studies species by 2010. In many ways Target 2 of plant evolution and biogeography. The underpins the other ambitious targets that species of this important plant family act as relate to in situ and ex situ conservation and indicators of the status of the varied Asian sustainable use and trade in plants. Projects and American forests where they occur and of the Global Trees Campaign carried out demonstrate the impact of environmental in partnership with organizations and indi- change on an entire taxonomic group of viduals around the world contribute to the plants. This is particularly important at a time delivery of these various targets by seeking of unprecedented environmental change to halt the loss of forest biodiversity and resulting from human activities, including support rural livelihoods. widespread habitat loss and global warming. The Global Tree Specialist Group is com- Since its establishment in 2003, the primary mitted to undertaking a global assessment role of the IUCN/SSC Global Tree Specialist of the conservation status of tree species. Group has been to evaluate the conservation Results of the global assessment will be status of tree species in selected geo- published as components of the work are graphical areas and taxonomic groups. The completed. This will ensure that regular evaluation of the conservation status of all indicators of progress are produced, up- species in the Magnoliaceae was recog- dated tree conservation data are made nized as an urgent priority by the Group. widely available and that tree conservation The evaluation process has drawn together initiatives around the world can be information from a wide variety of sources supported. This third publication, The Red including published national red lists of List of Magnoliaceae, provides one of the few threatened species, botanical literature attempts to assess the global conservation and expert knowledge. The results of status of an entire plant family. The report the evaluation indicate that over half of summarizes currently available information, the Magnoliaceae species are threatened draws attention to