Old and Historic District Design Guidelines Adopted by the Town Council 27 January 2009 Old and Historic District Design Guidelines ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Leesburg Board of Architectural Review Teresa Minchew, Chair Dieter Meyer, Vice-Chair Marilyn Bos Tracy Coffing Richard Koochagian Robert Miller Jim Sisley Ted Kalriess, Planning Commission Representative Thomas S. Dunn, II, Council Representative Leesburg Town Council Kristen C. Umstattd, Mayor Kathryn Sheldon Hammler, Vice Mayor David Butler Thomas S. Dunn, II Fernando “Marty” Martinez Kenneth “Ken” Reid Kevin Wright Leesburg Staff Members John Wells, Town Manager Kaj Dentler, Deputy Town Manager Jeanette Irby, Town Attorney Barbara Notar, Deputy Town Attorney Susan Berry-Hill, Director of Planning and Zoning Brian Boucher, Deputy Director of Planning and Zoning Annie McDonald, Preservation Planner Copyright © 2009 Town of Leesburg, Virginia and Frazier Associates. All rights reserved. No part of this book, FRAZIER ASSOCIATES including text, cover design, photographs, illustrations and icons, may be reproduced or transmitted in any ARCHITECTURE COMMUNITY DESIGN WAYFINDING form, by any means (electronic, photocopying, recording, or otherwise) without the prior written permission of 213 NORTH AUGUSTA ST. PH: 540.886.6230 the publishers. This document may be reproduced in whole or in part for use in matters related to the Leesburg STAUNTON, VA 24401 FAX: 540.886.8629 Board of Architectural Review without prior written permission. Old and Historic District Design Guidelines TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION A. Overview of Historic Zoning ......................................................................................................... 1 B. Background and Purpose of The Old and Historic District Design Guidelines ....... 2 C. Levels of Review and Receiving a Certificate of Appropriateness ................................... 4 1. Routine Maintenance ......................................................................................................................... 4 2. Review by the BAR ............................................................................................................................. 4 3. Administrative Review ....................................................................................................................... 4 II. PRESERVATION BASICS FOR REHABILITATION A. Preservation Approaches ................................................................................................................ 5 B. Maintenance and Rehabilitation ................................................................................................ 6 1. General Considerations ..................................................................................................................... 6 2. Protective Maintenance Requirement ............................................................................................... 6 III. ARCHITECTURAL AND DEVELOPMENT OVERVIEW A. Brief Summary of Leesburg’s Development ............................................................................ 7 B. Historic District Character and Neighborhoods ................................................................. 10 1. West Market Street Gateway ............................................................................................................ 11 2. West Market Street Neighborhoods ................................................................................................ 12 3. West Market Street South ................................................................................................................ 12 4. Downtown ........................................................................................................................................ 13 5. North King Street Gateway............................................................................................................... 14 6. East Market Street Gateway ............................................................................................................. 15 7. Town Branch/W&OD Trail Area ................................................................................................... 16 8. Vinegar Hill ...................................................................................................................................... 17 9. South King Street Gateway .............................................................................................................. 18 i Old and Historic District Design Guidelines TABLE OF CONTENTS III. ARCHITECTURAL AND DEVELOPMENT OVERVIEW, continued C. Architectural Styles/Forms/Types ............................................................................................ 19 1. Eighteenth-Century Vernacular (1700-1800) .................................................................................. 19 2. Georgian (1700-1780) ....................................................................................................................... 20 3. Federal (1780-1830) .......................................................................................................................... 21 4. Greek Revival (1825-1860) ............................................................................................................... 22 5. Gothic Revival (1840-1880) ............................................................................................................. 23 6. Italianate (1860-1910) ....................................................................................................................... 24 7. Second Empire (1860-1880) ............................................................................................................. 25 8. Romanesque Revival (1870-1900) .................................................................................................... 26 9. Queen Anne (1880-1910) ................................................................................................................. 27 10. Vernacular Victorian (1860-1920) ................................................................................................... 28 11. Colonial Revival (1910-1940) ........................................................................................................... 29 12. Craftsman (1900-1940) .................................................................................................................... 30 13. Classical Revival (1900-1940) .......................................................................................................... 30 14. Mid-Twentieth-Century Vernacular Commercial ........................................................................... 31 IV. SITE DESIGN GUIDELINES A. Driveways, Walkways, and Parking Areas ............................................................................. 34 B. Fences and Walls ............................................................................................................................. 38 C. Lighting .............................................................................................................................................. 40 D. Mechanical Equipment, Utilities & Refuse Screening .................................................... 43 E. Outbuildings, Garages, Pools, and Other Site Features ................................................... 44 F. Accessibility ....................................................................................................................................... 45 ii Old and Historic District Design Guidelines TABLE OF CONTENTS V. GUIDELINES FOR THE PRESERVATION AND MODIFICATION OF EXISTING STRUCTURES: STYLE AND DESIGN A. Foundations ...................................................................................................................................... 49 B. Roofs .................................................................................................................................................... 50 C. Gutters and Downspouts ............................................................................................................. 52 D. Windows ............................................................................................................................................ 53 E. Shutters ............................................................................................................................................... 57 F. Storm Windows, Storm Doors, and Thermal Efficiency ................................................ 59 G. Porches and Doors .......................................................................................................................... 61 H. Cornices and Trim ......................................................................................................................... 63 I. Storefronts ......................................................................................................................................... 65 VI. GUIDELINES FOR THE PRESERVATION AND MODIFICATION OF EXISTING STRUCTURES: MATERIALS A. Wood ................................................................................................................................................... 68 B. Masonry .............................................................................................................................................. 70 C. Stucco .................................................................................................................................................