COVER PAGE Title of Design: AIRIP: Advanced Integrated Runway Incursion Prevention Design Challenge addressed: Runway Safety/Runway Incursions/Runway Excursions University name: Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Daytona Beach Campus Team Member(s) names: Thomas Harter, Chelsea Iwig, Devin Liskey, William Lively, Ying Liu, and Taylor Martin Number of Undergraduates: 2 Number of Graduates: 4 Advisor(s) name: Dr. Kelly Neville and Mr. Martin Lauth Advanced Integrated Runway Incursion Prevention Increase Communication, Increase Situational Awareness, Increase Safety By: Chelsea Iwig, Taylor Martin, Ying Liu, Devin Liskey, Thomas Harter, and William Lively Executive Summary This paper disseminates the lifecycle process our design team used to engineer the Advanced Integrated Runway Incursion Prevention (AIRIP) system. AIRIP increases runway safety by inexpensively augmenting the current Airport Surface Detection Equipment, Model X (ASDE-X) system. ASDE-X has been implemented at 35 of our Nation’s busiest airports to combat runway incursions and enhance safety. Continual increases in runway incursions at airports equipped with ASDE-X suggest that its implementation alone is insufficient. Current ASDE-X alerts improve situational awareness (SA) of air traffic controllers (ATC) but inevitably are delayed as they are relayed to pilots. The time difference of an averted mishap and a catastrophe can be a matter of seconds. Rather than wait for ATC to process and divulge an ASDE-X- generated warning, AIRIP allows both pilots and controllers to receive this highly time- sensitive information simultaneously. AIRIP has been designed to fill a dangerous gap in the current ASDE-X set-up. AIRIP would instead immediately broadcast an ASDE-X warning via radio transmission to pilots in the runway environment. AIRIP would automatically alert pilots instantly to ASDE-X outputs allowing quicker initiation of the appropriate evasive action. Our diverse team collaborated to develop AIRIP using human factors and systems engineering methods and design processes. These methods included a comprehensive literature review, stakeholder analysis, safety risk management assessment, human systems integration planning and with the elicitation of feedback from multiple subject matter experts (SMEs). AIRIP is a cost effective solution that addresses one of the most critical safety-improvement needs identified on the NTSB’s “Most Wanted” list. Table of Contents 1 Problem Statement and Background on Problem Area ....................................................... 5 2 Related Technology ............................................................................................................................ 8 2.1 Airport Surface Detection Equipment, Model X (ASDE-X) .......................................... 8 2.2 Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B).............................................. 9 2.3 Runway Status Lights (RWSL) ............................................................................................ 10 2.4 Runway Incursion Monitoring, Detection, and Alerting System (RIMDAS)...... 11 3 Concept of Operation ...................................................................................................................... 12 Human System Interaction .............................................................................................................. 15 4 Human System Interaction ........................................................................................................... 16 5 System Development Methods ................................................................................................... 18 5.1 Overview of the Design Process ......................................................................................... 19 5.2 Project Risks .............................................................................................................................. 20 6 Interactions with Industry Experts ........................................................................................... 20 6.1 Martin Lauth .............................................................................................................................. 21 6.2 Carlos Castro .............................................................................................................................. 23 6.3 Don Gunderson ......................................................................................................................... 24 6.4 Wade Lester ............................................................................................................................... 26 6.5 Steven DeHart ........................................................................................................................... 27 7 Stakeholder Analysis, Results and Implications .................................................................. 28 7.1 The FAA ....................................................................................................................................... 30 7.2 Pilots ............................................................................................................................................. 30 7.3 ATC ................................................................................................................................................ 31 7.4 Air Carriers ................................................................................................................................. 31 7.5 Airport Operators .................................................................................................................... 32 8 Safety and Risk Management Analysis..................................................................................... 33 8.1 AIRIP Safety and Risk Management.................................................................................. 34 9 Summary of Literature ................................................................................................................... 39 10 Implementation .............................................................................................................................. 40 10.1 Estimated Deployment Time ............................................................................................ 42 11 Cost Benefit and Impacts Analysis .......................................................................................... 42 11.1 Cost Benefit Calculations .................................................................................................... 43 11.2 Real-World Impact Analysis ............................................................................................. 44 12 Commercialization Potential ..................................................................................................... 46 12.1 Growth of AIRIP technology.............................................................................................. 46 13 Conclusion ........................................................................................................................................ 47 Appendix A: List of Student and Staff Contacts ........................................................................ 48 Appendix B - Description of University ....................................................................................... 49 Appendix D: Design Submission Form ........................................................................................ 51 Appendix E: Team Evaluation ......................................................................................................... 52 Appendix F: References ..................................................................................................................... 59 List of Figures Figure 1. Runway Incursion Classification by Severity ............................................................... 6 Figure 2. Concept of AIRIP operation ............................................................................................ 15 Figure 3. AIRIP Flyghow Diagram ................................................................................................. 17 Figure 4. The Evolutionary Prototyping Life Cycle Model ...................................................... 18 Figure 5. Stakeholder Influence of Affluence ............................................................................... 32 Figure 6. Summary of FAA's Safety Risk Management Process ............................................ 34 List of Tables Table 1. Overview of the Development Risks Encountered ....................................................... 20 Table 2. Subject Matter Experts' Contact Information ............................................................... 28 Table 3. Stakeholder Lifecycle Involvement .................................................................................. 29 Table 4. Risk Management Matrix) .................................................................................................. 35 Table 5. Identified and Assessed Hazards and Mitigation Priority for AIRIP System. ..... 36 Table 6. Incursion Cost by Classification....................................................................................... 43 Table 7. Projected Savings ................................................................................................................. 46 List of Acronyms ACs: Advisory Circulars ADS-B: Automatic Dependent Surveillance- Broadcast AIRIP: Advanced Integrated Runway