)0 &KHPLFDO%LRORJLFDO 5DGLRORJLFDODQG1XFOHDU 2SHUDWLRQV MAY DISTRIBUTION RESTRICTION: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. 7KLVSXEOLFDWLRQVXSHUVHGHV)0GDWHG-XO\ HEADQUARTERS, DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY Foreword As the Chemical Corps enters its second century of service in the United States Army, it must adapt to new threats and overcome 15 years of atrophy of chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) skills within the Army that were attributed to operations in counterinsurgency. Throughout that time, the Chemical Corps approached the CBRN problem as it had for the past 100 years—avoid, protect, and decontaminate. These three insular capability areas provided a linear approach to detect existing hazards and offered a bypass of CBRN obstacles to enable the safe passage of forces. The approach to the CBRN program remained resistant to change, yet it ignored new forms of battle being exercised and conducted by major regional players (Russia, China, Iran, North Korea). The proliferation of new technologies, to include weapons of mass destruction (WMD) capabilities and materials, will remain a constant during the next 100 years. The Chemical Corps, in conjunction with the Army and joint force, must adapt and prepare for CBRN usage throughout the range of military operations. The Chemical Corps exists to enable movement and maneuver to conduct large-scale ground combat operations in a CBRN environment. Friendly forces must retain freedom of action and be capable of employing the full breadth of capabilities within complex battlefield conditions, including CBRN environments. The latest addition of FM 3-0 and the Army concept of multidomain operations outline the essential elements for success against peer and near-peer adversaries. FM 3-11 is the answer to FM 3-0’s requirement to adapt and to overcome in the plausibility of enemy CBRN usage to create conditions of overmatch. To support multidomain operations, the Army CBRN Regiment must be agile and adaptive, capable of employing its full capabilities to enable the Army to win in a complex CBRN environment. It is essential that U.S. forces build and maintain operational readiness whilst restoring CBRN mastery at tactical and operational levels of war. CBRN must be integrated into all training facets as a condition on the battlefield that the enemy will leverage to establish and maintain a position of relative advantage. FM 3-11 provides a thorough doctrinal approach for the tactical and operational levels of war to provide tailorable, scalable CBRN capabilities across operations. It acknowledges that CBRN units must be integrated at multiple tactical and operational headquarters to enhance their capabilities to counter WMD and retain operational flexibility. Most importantly, it transforms the CBRN enterprise to being offensive and proactive, interdicting CBRN before employment rather than simply practicing avoidance. The time has come to make CBRN integration into training a priority for every leader. Building agile and adaptive leaders who can win means forcing them to adapt to the complex rigors of a CBRN environment that provides a substantial advantage to threat forces. FM 3-11 provides leaders and staffs the ability to incorporate CBRN units into their formations and to defeat the enemies’ ability to use CBRN hazards effectively in large-scale ground combat. ANTONIO V. MUNERA BRIGADIER GENERAL CBRN COMMANDANT This publication is available at the Army Publishing Directorate site (https://armypubs.army.mil), and the Central Army Registry site (https://atiam.train.army.mil/catalog/dashboard). *FM 3-11 Field Manual Headquarters No. 3-11 Department of the Army Washington, DC, 23 May 2019 Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Operations Contents Page PREFACE.................................................................................................................... iv INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................... v Chapter 1 CBRN OVERVIEW .................................................................................................... 1-1 Overview .................................................................................................................... 1-1 Core Functions .......................................................................................................... 1-3 CBRN Capabilities Across the Range of Military Operations .................................... 1-6 Army Strategic Roles ................................................................................................. 1-6 Operational Environment ........................................................................................... 1-8 Operational Framework ........................................................................................... 1-13 Chapter 2 CBRN ORGANIZATIONS, CAPABILITIES, AND TRAINING ................................. 2-1 Section I—CBRN Organizations and Capabilities ................................................ 2-1 CBRNE Command .................................................................................................... 2-5 Brigade ...................................................................................................................... 2-6 Battalion ..................................................................................................................... 2-7 Company ................................................................................................................... 2-8 CBRN Staff .............................................................................................................. 2-11 Other Organizations ................................................................................................ 2-15 Section II—Training ............................................................................................... 2-16 The Operational Training Domain ........................................................................... 2-16 Training Ideology ..................................................................................................... 2-17 Chapter 3 SUPPORTING DECISIVE ACTION .......................................................................... 3-1 Overview of CBRN Support to Decisive Action ......................................................... 3-1 Tactical Enabling Tasks ............................................................................................. 3-4 Section I—CBRN Capabilities in Offensive Operations ...................................... 3-6 Overview .................................................................................................................... 3-6 Offensive Planning Considerations ........................................................................... 3-9 CBRN Support to Offensive Operations .................................................................. 3-11 Section II—CBRN Capabilities in Defensive Operations ................................... 3-18 Overview .................................................................................................................. 3-18 Defensive Planning Considerations ........................................................................ 3-25 CBRN Support to Defensive Operations ................................................................. 3-27 Section III—CBRN Capabilities in Stability Operations ..................................... 3-33 DISTRIBUTION RESTRICTION: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. *This publication supersedes FM 3-11, dated 1 July 2011. FM 3-11 i Contents Overview ................................................................................................................. 3-33 CBRN Role in Support of Area Security Operations ............................................... 3-35 CBRN Role in Support to Stability Operations ........................................................ 3-37 Section IV—CBRN Contribution to Defense Support of Civil Authorities ...... 3-40 Overview ................................................................................................................. 3-40 Threat Overview ...................................................................................................... 3-40 Defense Support of Civil Authorities Planning Considerations ............................... 3-42 Appendix A COMMAND AND SUPPORT RELATIONSHIPS ..................................................... A-1 Appendix B WARFIGHTING FUNCTION CONSIDERATIONS ................................................... B-1 Appendix C DOMESTIC AND INTERNATIONAL CBRN RESPONSE ....................................... C-1 Appendix D CBRN STAFF ........................................................................................................... D-1 Appendix E TRAINING ................................................................................................................. E-1 GLOSSARY ................................................................................................ Glossary-1 REFERENCES ........................................................................................ References-1 INDEX ............................................................................................................... Index-1 Figures Introductory figure 1. Logic chart ..................................................................................................... vii Figure 1-1. Example CBRN forces in contiguous corps AO .......................................................