DOCUMENT RESUME ED 387 279 RC 020 224 AUTHOR Valencia, Richard R., Ed. TITLE Chicano School Failure and Success: Research and Policy Agendas for the 1990s. The Stanford Series on Education and Public Policy. REPORT NO ISBN-1-85000-863-9 PUB DATE 93 NOTE 361p.; Eight of the 11 chapters are based on papers presented at a conference of the same name (Stanford, CA, May 12, 1989). For selected individual papers, see RC 020 225-234. AVAILABLE FROM Falmer Press, Taylor & Francis, Inc., 1900 Frost Rd., Bristol, PA 19007-1598 (paperback: ISBN-1-85000-863-9; hardcover: ISBN-1-85000-862-0). PUB TYPE Books (010) Collected Works General (020) Information Analyses (070) EDRS PRICE MFOI/PC15 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS *Academic Achievement; *Academic Failure; Bilingual Education; Culture Conflict; Dropouts; *Educational Environment; Educational Policy; Educational Research; Educational Testing; Elementary Secondary Education; *Mexican American Education; *Research Needs; Second Language Learning; Special Education; Student Development; Success IDENTIFIERS *Chicanos; Hispanic American Students; Language Minorities ABSTRACT This book examines the school failure and success of Chicano students from a wide variety of perspectives. It attempts to promote further understanding of what constitutes, maintains, and helps shape school failure among Chicano students, and to present research and policy agendas that may help to realize Chicano school success. Five sections address current realities of the Chicano schooling experience, language and classroom perspectives on Chicano achievement, cultural and familial perspectives on achievement, educational testing and special education issues, and the big picture and Chicano school failure. Chapters are:(1) "The Plight of Chicano Students: An Overview of Schooling Conditions and Outcomes" (Richard R. Valencia);(2) "Segregation, Desegregation, and Integration of Chicano Students: Problems and Prospects" (Ruben Donato, Martha Menchaca, Richard R. Valencia);(3) "Chicano Dropouts: A Review of Research and Policy Issues" (Russell W. Rumberger); (4) "Bilingualism, Second Language Acquisition, and the Education of Chicano Language Minority Students" (Eugene E. Garcia);(5) "Promoting School Success for Chicanos: The View from Inside the Bilingual Classroom" (Barbara J. Merino);(6) "From Failure to Success: The Roles of Culture and Cultural Confllct in the Academic Achievement of Chicano Students" (Henry T. Trueba) ;(7) "Cognitive Socialization and Competence: The Academic Development of Chicanos" (Luis M. Laosa, Ronald W. Henderson);(8) "The Uses and Abuses of Educational Testing: Chicanos as a Case in Point" (Richard R. Valencia, Sofia Aburto);(9) "An Analysis of Special Education as a Response to the Diminished Academic Achievement of Chicano Students" (Robert Rueda); (10) "Systemic and Institutional Factors in Chicano School Failure" (Arthur Pearl); and (11) "Conclusions: Towards Chicano School Success" (Richard R. Valencia). This book contains references in each chapter, 30 data tables and figures, notes on contributors, and author and subject indexes. (SV) OF EDUCATION U S DEPARTMENTHosed/C. anil Improvonlent 0*, co a Lacaona l INFORMATION EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES CENTER iERICI as C This clocurlentnas Peen reproduced received trom the personor orcianizatron oriqinatrno slated rn this Porrts ot mew or opinrons document do notnecessarily represent or policy -rrIrcrar GERI positron 404.' -"r'rr4 4-ts 00 THIS r:, I '-'PE-RMISSI/DV-17-0 REPRODUCE BY , 4 f MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED _g_L_ JJJ (Flkmen TifeSS) TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC)" -THESTANFORD SERIES-ON- COPY AVAILABLE .." Chicano School Failure and Success The Stanford Series on Education and Public Policy Gencf,f/ Edam" Professor I lenry NI.I. 0.111, School of Education, Stanford University rhe purpose of this series is to address major issues of educational policy as they affect and are aft-ected by political, social and economic is,ggs.Itfocuses on both the consequences of education for economic, political and social Laatcomes as well as the influences of the econonnes, political and social climate on educationIt is particularly concerned with addressingniajor educational issues and Lliallenges within this frainew. ork, and a special eftOrt is made to evaloate the various educational alterna- tives on the policy agenda or to develop new ones that might address the educational challenges before us. All (if the volumes are to be based upon original researLh and;or competent syntheses of the available research on a topic. hool Dass, Ride Days: .1 lie Legahiation and Regulation of Education Bdued by )drid ot California, Berkeley, and Donald N. .felNeu, tattIoldI .111- Idle Incompetent leather lhe Challenge .md the Response Vdn'm .11. Nbot- toN1I Hie Future Impact ofI edinology on \\'ork and I.ducation l://:f/d by Gerald Burke, .1fona,/, liottalm and ku 1 Rtmiiiciol. "titi Caltlornia,.tianta liatbata Comparing luhliutd PriL ate Schools Volume I Institutions and Organizations Idued by Thom& fame,. litolerI nwer,u y and Henry Ia .,Iattb rdI tliretuy. 'oniparing Publi(and Private.), hools. Volume 2 `school'\ clueveinent Lbted by 1.divahl I IHaub), .s;tantotdI rm.( lslly,I il.nnalame,. Brown 1 .turt t,tt) and I fenny M. 'MIT: gly Nlmaging lthicational I xcel! i ii'lunar. I latrard Graduate boo! oi 1>art.1 I.I:up.Iturci,Ity 1 ( allnottlia. Berkele)' I litClianeine Idea of aI cachets. Union Cllittle, aylat t,hnet , It(Liar, mom Gadltate .N:111:0.1 all,/I i,v,lii'tb: II, IL IIllvevsity Caltbn . adennk Idiortat Lets and t arcet s Bdued by I Nll'lIifirelleman. Kalama : oo II\Yotot, otk 51,a, *WPC, .ityit .0.1111 hist ic 'schools. A t oldiboratise \ ies1/4 I.11) toil Atkiii, III and C yothu I.Patrhk. .titantol,1Iwi.,/,ify Values. PHs ate `u hook / duti !,y 2\cal I ), Lolleo. and ( holt e And ( of fin )1in Amen.. an Itill( MIMI' Olinite I Ill' I \()I( lli,c .ifillC :own)] in Id(ll anon 2-I lie Prat tile ot C holt tI )ct illitall/atioll .111d Resit ucturme di/1d by ihniai)l :hot,,ithiI0101I H lit, I 01lb i,oithiti..11,1.itott BEST COPYAVAILABLE Chicano School Failure and Success: Research and Policy Agendas for the 1990s I:dited by Richard R. Valencia Otis) ThcFa hher Press (A member of theI aylor & Francis ( rmip) ondollNew YorkPhiladelphia UK The Palmer I'ress, 4 John St, London WC IN 2ET USA The Falmer Press, Taylor & Francis Inc., ©1991 R.R. Valencia All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without permission in writing from the Publisher. First published 1991. Reprinted 1993 Library of Congress Cataloguing-in-Publication Data Chicano school failure and success: research and policy agendas for the 1990s / edited by Richard R. Valencia. p. cm. Papers of a conference held at Stanford University, May 12, 1989. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 1-85000-862-0: ISBN 1-85000-863-9 (pbk.): 1. Mexican American students.I. Valencia. Richard R. LC2683.C47 1991 373. 1'2913089'68 d c20 91)-46288 CIP British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Chicano school failure and success : research and policy agendas for the 1990s. I. United States. Chicanos. Education I. Valencia, Richard R. 371. 976872073 ISBN 1-850(10-862-0 1-85( )0( -863-9 pbk Cover design by Caroline Archer Set m 9.5/11 pt Beinbo by Graphicraft Typesetters Ltd, I long Kong Primed inGreat Britain by Bun:es.% Seim e Haiin,otoke on paper whuh hay a Ape( ihed pll value on final paper manufw lure of nor le.s.s than 7.5 andistherefore 'acid free'. Contents Tables and Fiure Acknowledgments Preface Part I:Current Realities of the Chicano Schooling Experience 1 1 The Plight of Chicano Students: An Overview of Schooling Conditions and Outcomes Richard R. I'alencia 3 Segregation, Desegregation, and Integration of CAlicano Students: Problems and Prospects Ruben Donato, Martha Menthaca, and Richard R.I 'alencia 27 3 Chicano Dropouts: A Review of Research and Policy Issues Russell HI RunibeNer 64 Part II:Language and Classroom Perspectives on Chicano Achievement 9 I 4Bilingualism, Second Language Acquisition, and the Education of Chicano Language Minority Students Eugene E. Garcia 93 5 Promoting School Success for Chicanos: The View from Inside the Bilingual Classroom Barbara I. Merino 119 Part III:Cultural and Familial Perspectives on Chicano Achievement 149 From Failure to Success: FIR. Roles of Culture and Cultural Conflict in the Acadenuc Achievement of Chicano Students Henry T ruelia 151 os!,nitivc And ( .onipctcm Hic aileinR )evelopment of Chicanos M Lito,a and Ronald IiI fender,on 164 Part IV:Educational Testing and Special Education Issues vis-a-vis Chicano Students ",rl kes and Alluses ot. Educational Testing: ( a ('.ase in Point hard R. 1.ahmia and Notia 2n3 \,A .na.ysisI of Sp:LW Educatum as a Response to the I )uninished Academie Achievement of Chic,mo Students Rohm Rucda 252 Part V:The Big Picture and Chicano School Failure 271 luSystemic and Institutional Factors in Chicano School Failure .11thto Peail 273 11 C onclusion,:I ov . (:Inc.ino ,,chool Success Rlihard R. 321 t es on Cohn jhul 32( .huthot Ihch Indc\ 3.19 , Tables and Figures Tables 1.1 Projections of (.:aliforma's st hool-age popularton by racial ethnic background 1.2 National public ,:thool enrollmern changes by racc'ethnicitY. .iutinnn 1%8-autumn 1986 17 18 I 3 Projections of racial ethnic youth populations 1982-21).2H 2.1 Latino sq. -cgation by region. 1968-1984 t.ants.» orto.r comparison between pert entage of inmora%student body enrollment and academic at hievemcnt 31 Number and ploportion of dropouts in [)opulation b% age. gender. face. ethilik ay: 198(t (,71 3 2 I )ropout rates by age group. st.A. race, and ethnicity: 1974. 1980. 1986 6.1 t.lected demographic haracteristus of childn II under 18 \ ears and lngh Nehool dropout rates be rat.