GLOBAL AGENDA FOR SOCIAL JUSTICE VOLUME 1 Edited by Glenn W. Muschert, Kristen Budd, Michelle Christian, Brian V. Klocke, Jon Shefner, and Robert Perrucci First published in Great Britain in 2018 by Policy Press North America office: University of Bristol Policy Press 1-9 Old Park Hill c/o The University of Chicago Press Bristol 1427 East 60th Street BS2 8BB Chicago, IL 60637, USA UK t: +1 773 702 7700 t: +44 (0)117 954 5940 f: +1 773-702-9756 [email protected] [email protected] www.policypress.co.uk www.press.uchicago.edu © Policy Press 2018 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A catalog record for this book has been requested ISBN 978-1-4473-4912-9 paperback ISBN 978-1-4473-5220-4 ePdf ISBN 978-1-4473-4913-6 ePub ISBN 978-1-4473-4914-3 Mobi The right of Glenn W. Muschert, Kristen Budd, Michelle Christian, Brian V. 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Cover design by Policy Press Front cover image: iStock Printed and bound in the United States of America Policy Press is delighted to partner with The Society for the Study of Social Problems to publish the Global Agenda for Social Justice. Other publications available from Policy Press: Table of Contents President’s Welcome vii Luis A. Fernandez Editorial Introduction viii Glenn W. Muschert and Kristen M. Budd Acknowledgements xii About the Society for the Study of Social Problems xiii Notes on Contributors xiv SECTION I Policing and Criminal (In)Justice 1 one The Worldwide War on Drugs: Advancing Reforms, 3 Circumventing Resistance Robert Aponte and Hannah Hurrle two Global Police Discrimination 11 Craig A. Boylstein three Wrongful Convictions and Exonerations: Global Data 21 Sources and Other Initiatives Tereza Trejbalová and Terance D. Miethe four Solutions to Ending the Global Social Problem of 31 HIV Criminalization Carrie Foote, Edwin Bernard and Eric Mykhalovskiy SECTION II Environmental Issues 41 five Radiation Refugees and Chronic Exposure to 43 Ionizing Radiation: The Rights of the Exposed Majia Nadesan six The Effects of “Natural” Disasters on Older Adults 53 in South Asia: The Case of Intersectional Identities Tirth Bhatta, Moushumi Roy, and Nirmala Lekhak seven Energy Democracy: A Just Transition for Social, 61 Economic, and Climate Justice Todd E. Vachon and Sean Sweeney SECTION III Gender and Sexuality 71 eight Fostering Critical Awareness of Masculinity around 73 the World Kyle C. Ashlee, Leland G. Spencer, Michael Loeffelman, Brandon Cash, and Glenn W. Muschert nine Lack of Access to Comprehensive Sexuality Education 81 Jacqueline Daugherty and Richelle Frabotta v GLOBAL AGENDA FOR SOCIAL JUSTICE SECTION IV Violence Against Precarious Groups 91 ten Violence Against Migrants: A Global Analysis 93 Rosemary Barberet and Diana Rodriguez-Spahia eleven Sex Workers and Coping with Violence: Implications 103 for Policy-Making Mangala Subramaniam, Zachary D. Palmer and Vasundhara Kaul twelve Genocide and other Atrocity Crimes: Toward Remedies 111 Joachim J. Savelsberg thirteen Torture: Causes, Consequences, and Strategies for 121 Redress and Prevention Shannon Golden SECTION V Inequalities and Disparities 129 fourteen Want Amidst Plenty: Food Insecurity in Rich Liberal 131 Democracies David Reynolds and Miranda Mirosa fifteen Extending Old-Age Pension Coverage to Workers in 143 the Informal Sector Economy in Ethiopia Ajanaw Alemie and James L. Scherrer sixteen Tackling Digital Exclusion: Counter Social Inequalities 151 Through Digital Inclusion Massimo Ragnedda SECTION VI Looking Forward 159 seventeen Global Issues 161 Jon Shefner and Michelle Christian Afterword: Looking Backwards to Move Everyone Forward to a 171 More Inclusive, Just, and Sustainable World Brian V. Klocke vi President’s Welcome Luis A. Fernandez Historians will look back at the ongoing year as a global turning point. The world is changing, and not all of the changes are good, healthy, or just. Right-wing movements in Europe are on the rise, the earth is warming at an alarming rate, and global economic inequality is increasing. Further, there is a relentless assault on core values, including democracy, freedom, and equality. In this context, Global Agenda for Social Justice is an attempt to address these issues and look for practical solutions that lead us toward a more democratic, free, and equitable world. As the President of the Society for the Study of Social Problems (SSSP), it is my honor to present some of the best scholars in our organization as they address some critical social problems of our time. As you may know, SSSP is an organization committed to scholar activist in the pursuit of social justice. It serves not only as a place of respite, but also a gathering space for those seeking to change the current situation. I am proud to be part of an organization that produces such a fine publication. Thank you to all the contributing authors and to the editorial committee, including Glenn W. Muschert, Kristen Budd, Michelle Christian, Brian V. Klocke, Jon Shefner, and Robert Perrucci. May your collective work reach the ears of the powerful. vii Editorial Introduction Glenn W. Muschert and Kristen M. Budd Philosophers have hitherto only interpreted the world in various ways; the point is to change it. Karl Marx, Eleventh Thesis on Feuerbach It is an honor to write this editorial introduction on May 5, 2018, the 200th birthday of one of the founders of modern sociology, Karl Marx. Inscribed on Marx’s grave marker, his Eleventh Thesis on Feuerbach remains particularly apt as a point of departure for this volume. Indeed, the quote expresses the positive value of the engaged intellect coupled with the inspiration to share academic knowledge to empower those challenging oppression, giving voice to social rights, and resisting exploitation. Like our forerunner Marx, we the editors of this volume are engaged not only in the academic pursuit of sociological knowledge, but also in the pursuit of social justice in the real world. Nearly all social scientists have studied Marx’s ideas as a rite of passage in graduate studies; however, it seems that Marxist sociology is not currently among the dominant paradigms in western social sciences. Nonetheless, many critical and progressive scholars in a variety of social science fields continue to value Marx for his scholarship, and in particular for the sentiment expressed in the Eleventh Thesis on Feuerbach. Marx reminds us that ideas and knowledge are rather impotent unless they are practically applied to improve the material conditions of social life. Thus, we practice a type of sociology which seeks to broaden discourse beyond the ivory tower, and to disseminate sociological knowledge as accessibly and widely as possible, with the intention that such efforts will increase the likelihood that reliable knowledge will be applied in the world of policy. This project traces its inspiration back the Presidential Address delivered in 2000 at the annual meetings of the Society for the Study of Social Problems (SSSP), in which Professor Robert Perrucci called upon the Society to redouble its efforts to engage in publicly relevant social science. Dr. Perrucci’s speech took place at the 50th Annual Meeting of the SSSP, marking the end of the first half-century of the viii EDITORIAL INTRODUCTION SSSP, and setting its agenda as it moved into the 21st century. To put this new agenda into action, a new committee was formed, the Justice 21 Committee, whose mission is to undertake the challenge set by Dr. Perrucci to contribute to a public sociology of social problems, calling for a “report to the nation” to be produced by the SSSP every four years, corresponding with major U.S. Presidential and Congressional elections. In this report, social scientific knowledge about pressing social problems were to be presented in jargon-free language, which in comparison to many academic publications, would be widely accessible. Dr. Perrucci’s vision was to make the best available research about social problems accessible not only to politicians, journalists, and policy makers, but also to the public. The Justice 21 Committee operates under the broader authority of the SSSP, and specifically pursues one goal of the SSSP, which is “to encourage problem-centered social research and to foster cooperative relations among persons and organizations engaged in the application of scientific sociological findings to the formulation of social policies.” The publication of the Agenda for Social Justice has been this committee’s major effort in advancing the public sociology of social problems. The first of these volumes was self-published by the Justice