Nonkilling Linguistics Practical Applications Edited by Patricia Friedrich Center for Global Nonkilling CREATIVE COMMONS LICENCE Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 You are free to share, copy, distribute and transmit this work* Under the following conditions: Attribution. You must attribute this work in the manner specified by the author/licensor (but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work). Noncommercial. You may not use this work for commercial purposes. No Derivative Works. You may not alter, transform or build upon this work. * For any reuse or distribution, you must make clear to others the license terms of this work. * Any of the above conditions can be waived if you gain permission from the copyright holders. Nothing in this license impairs or restricts the Authors’ moral and legal rights. Parts of this volume have been released under GFDL and Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 as part of Wikiversity’s School of Nonkilling Studies (http://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/School:Nonkilling_studies). The Center for Global Nonkilling does not necessarily endorse the views expressed by the authors. Also available for free download at: http://www.nonkilling.org © The Authors, 2012 © Center for Global Nonkilling, 2012 (this edition) First Edition: November 2012 Published with the support of the Galizan Academy of the Portuguese Language Academia Galega da Língua Portuguesa | http://www.academiagalega.org ISBN-13 978-0-9839862-4-9 ISBN-10 0-9839862-4-X ______________________________________________________ Cataloging in Publication Data (CIP) Issues in Nonkilling Linguistics : Practical Applications / Edited by Patricia Friedrich. ISBN 978-0-9839862-4-9 1. Nonkilling 2. Peace. 3. Nonviolence. I. Title. II. Friedrich, Patricia, ed.. CDU - 172.4 : 327.36 ______________________________________________________ A catalogue record is also available from the Library of Congress. Center for Global Nonkilling 3653 Tantalus Drive Honolulu, HawaiΣi 96822-5033 United States of America Email: [email protected] http://www.nonkilling.org This volume is dedicated to the memory of our colleagues James C. Whitton and Alexandre Kimenyi Contents Introduction 11 Patricia Friedrich Chapter One Toward a Nonkilling Linguistics 17 Patricia Friedrich and Francisco Gomes de Matos Chapter Two Teaching Peace Peacefully 39 Lauren Chamberlain Chapter Three Language Policy in Brazil 69 José Marcelo Freitas de Luna Chapter Four Language Exposure in Farsi 87 Shelley Wong and Maryam Saroughi Chapter Five Por uma linguagem jornalística fundamentada no paradigma do não matar 105 Enio Moraes Júnior and Murilo Jardelino da Costa Chapter Six Comparative Linguistic Law and Nonkilling Linguistics 121 Joseph-G Turi 8 Issues on Nonkilling Linguistics Chapter Seven Applied Nonkilling Linguistics in the Developmental Composition Classroom 135 James Whitton Chapter Eight Communicative Dignity and a Nonkilling Mentality 157 An interview with Francisco Gomes de Matos by Patricia Friedrich Contributors 167 Introduction Introduction Patricia Friedrich Arizona State University It has been my good fortune to work with the contributors to this volume to help us start exploring the potential of the nonkilling paradigm when it comes to language use, education and legislation. As many are aware, language permeates most facets of human experience: we use different forms of lan- guage and literacy (including computer and visual literacies) to establish contact with one another, to communicate our thoughts and feelings, to make sense of the world around us, and ultimately to realize our destiny as social beings. It is true that we have the concepts of peace and nonviolence to lead us in a quest for a fairer and more just world and a meaningful social experi- ence for all individuals. Indeed, these concepts are great light posts to guide us along the way. Their existence, however, does not obviate the kind of concrete goal that nonkilling can provide. Here we are talking about an ab- solutely measurable objective, one that can manifest itself both literally and figuratively. That is, nonkilling speaks both to the goal of preserving the physical lives of individuals, communities, other species, the environment as well as the more metaphorical but also extremely important survival of lan- guages, cultures, histories (oral and written), literary manifestations, etc. The list is vast and varied, and the good news is that a nonkilling mentality can be applied to all these realms and lives. We are barely scratching the surface in our potential to do good and spread respect for all living beings and their expressions, but we have to start somewhere. It is in this spirit that we have put together this volume and it is in the same spirit that we invite the reader to apply principles of justice, nonviolence, peace and nonkilling to their own realms of influence, professional and academic pursuits. In the first chapter, the reader will find a reflection that Francisco Go- mes de Matos and I wroteand is reproduced hereon the nature of lan- guage and the nonkilling paradigm 11 12 Nonkilling Linguistics In the second chapter, Lauren Chamberlain writes about the potential of the nonkilling paradigm and peace education to positively impact the lives of children, and she highlights a series of common goals for peace education and nonkilling linguistics. In chapter two José Marcelo Freitas de Luna de- scribes some practices historically used for the education of immigrant population in southern Brazil in a reflection that may cause us to compare and contrast current practices around the world so that we can best serve the needs of these populations and learn from potential past mistakes. In chapter four, Shelley Wong and Maryam Saroughi explain how teaching TESOL (teachers of English to speakers of other languages) in a language for- eign to them can help raise awareness of the challenges facing ESL students and thus cause educators to review some of their pedagogical practices so that the latter are more attuned to a peace and nonkilling paradigm. In chapter five Enio Moraes Júnior and Murilo Jardelino da Costa write about the relationship between the nonkilling paradigm and the ethical practice of journalism, while in chapter five Joseph-G Turi educates us on matters of linguistic law and how this realm of language use can also foster a nonkilling mentality, especially vis-à-vis respect and policy making that guar- antees the survival of languages and linguistic expression. James Whitton’s chapter presents us with a definition for applied nonk- illing linguistics in the developmental composition classroom while it also highlights some of the foundational work that has been done to safeguard the linguistic rights of language learners. It explores potential difficulties that exist for educators attempting to promote nonkilling language in the class- room and presents strategies to promote the kind of learning environment that leads to peace and respect for the students’ own linguistic experience. Finally, for the last chapter, I interview Brazilian linguist Francisco Gomes de Matos and ask for his views on matters pertaining to the rest of the book. Prof. Gomes de Matos, whose nonkilling-inspired poetry also opens each of the chapters, has always been in the forefront of linguist pursuits as they re- late to peace and, now, nonkilling. The first self-entitled peace linguist, Gomes de Matos was helping forge that discipline (as well as important linguistic rights documents) before many people were even aware this realm could be so prolific. We thank him for his vision and inspiration and hope the reader will greatly benefit from his insights on dignity, peace, nonkilling and diversity. Speaking of diversity, to stay in tune with our belief in language diversity at many levels, we present these articles to you in the styles, linguistic varieties, and in one case in the language-other-than-English in which they were origi- nally conceived. It has been the general practice in academia to choose one of Introduction 13 the perceived “standard” linguistic dialects and ensure that all chapters con- form to its norms. One of the advantages of being in the forefront of a para- digm shift, such as the one proposed in nonkilling, is the flexibility to engage is new practices, especially if they uphold the same values (in this case of diver- sity and creativity) that the field itself proposes. We hope that in the future many reflections in different linguistic varieties and in varied languages will come to join these, and thus we further hope that the principles of pluralism and justice contained herein will reach a broader, multilingual audience. Work like this would not be possible if it were not for the visionary insight of individuals such as Glenn Paige, the founder of the Center for Global Nonkilling and the originator of the nonkilling concept. We dedicate this vol- ume to his foresight with wishes that the nonkilling paradigm can help com- munities around the world lead a more just, uplifting and respected/respectful existence. We have chosen to also dedicate this volume to the memory of our colleagues James C. Whitton and Alexandre Kimenyi, late members of the Nonkilling Linguistics committee. May their teachings and insights stay with us. We also thank Joám Evans Pim for his tireless work for the Center and his work on this volume and the Academia Galega da Língua Portuguesa / Galizan Academy of the Portuguese Language and Arizona State University for all of their support. We hope you enjoy the work. Arizona, May 2012. Chapter One Toward a Nonkilling Linguistics Patricia Friedrich Arizona State University Francisco Gomes de Matos Federal University of Pernambuco More than a universally avoided violence It’s the constructing of peaceful permanence More than preventing the evils of violence Let’s universally sustain Nonkilling sense. (from “Nonkilling Sense,” a poem by Francisco Gomes de Matos, dedicated by the author to Glenn D.