28th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition Proceedings of the international Conference held in Paris, France 30 September - 04 October 2013 Edited by: A. MINE President of SER SOLER Paris, France A. JÄGER-WALDAU European Commission - DG JRC Ispra, Italy P. HELM WIP Munich, Germany More photos: Coordination of the Technical Programme: European Commission - DG Joint Research Centre Via E. Fermi 1 21020 Ispra (VA) Italy Institutional Support: The European Commission UNESCO – United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, Natural Sciences Sector WCRE – World Council for Renewable Energy Institutional PV Industry Partner for the Conference: SER – Syndicat des Energies Renouvelables, SOLER Supporting Organisations: EDF – Energies Nouvelles ESA – European Space Agency OME – Observatoire Méditerranéen de l'Energie REN21 – Renewable Energy Policy Network for the 21st Century European Photovoltaic Technology Platform ARE – Alliance for Rural Electrification Institutional PV Industry Cooperation: EPIA – European Photovoltaic Industry Association IPVEA – International Photovoltaic Equipment Association Supporting Associations: APVIA – Asian Photovoltaic Industry Association TPVIA – Taiwan Photovoltaic Industry Association EPIC – European Photonics Industry Consortium AIE – European Association of Electrical Contractors CABA – Continental Automated Buildings Association EU PVSEC realised by: WIP Sylvensteinstr. 2, 81369 München, Germany Tel: +49 89 720 12 735, Fax: +49 89 720 12 791 eMail: [email protected] www.photovoltaic-conference.com www.wip-munich.de Proceedings on DVD produced and published by: WIP Sylvensteinstr. 2, 81369 München, Germany Tel: +49 89 720 12 735, Fax: +49 89 720 12 791 eMail: [email protected] www.photovoltaic-conference.com www.wip-munich.de Legal notice Neither the European Commission, the Organiser or the Publisher nor any person acting on their behalf is responsible for the use which might be made of the following information. © 2013 WIP All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by any electronic or mechanical means, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system without permission in writing from the copyright holder and the publisher. Despite due diligence no liability for accuracy and completeness of the information and material offered on the DVD can be assumed by WIP. ISBN 3-936338-33-7 ISSN 2196-0992 28th EUROPEAN PHOTOVOLTAIC SOLAR ENERGY CONFERENCE AND EXHIBITION 30 SEPTEMBER – 4 OCTOBER 2013, PARIS, FRANCE EU PVSEC COMMITTEES CONFERENCE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE Topic Organisers and Paper Review Experts Conference General Chairman A. Mine, Co-Founder and Vice-President of SER – Syndicat Topic 1 – Material Studies, New Concepts and Ultra- des Energies Renouvelables, Paris, France and President of High Efficiency and Space Technology SOLER, the Solar Branch of SER Conference General Vice-Chairman G. Beaucarne, Dow Corning, Seneffe, Belgium J.-P. Joly, Director of the National Institute of Solar Energy A.W. Bett, Fraunhofer ISE, Freiburg, Germany (INES), France R. Campesato, CESI, Milan, Italy N.J. Ekins-Daukes, Imperial College London, United Technical Programme Chairman Kingdom A. Jäger-Waldau, European Commission, DG JRC, Institute J.F. Guillemoles, CNRS Centre National de la Recherche for Energy and Transport, Ispra, Italy Scientifique, Chatou Cedex, France Committee Members R.P. Kenny, European Commission DG JRC, Ispra, Italy S. Nowak, Managing Director of NET Nowak Energy & J. Poortmans, IMEC, Leuven, Belgium Technology, Switzerland B. Rech, HZB, Berlin, Germany H. Ossenbrink, European Commission, DG JRC, Institute for M. Rusu, HZB, Berlin, Germany Energy and Transport, Ispra, Italy C. Signorini, ESA-ESTEC, Noordwijk, The Netherlands W. Sinke, Program Development Manager, ECN Solar Energy, The Netherlands I. Anton, UPM, Madrid, Spain P. Helm, WIP, Munich, Germany S. Caneva, WIP-Renewable Energies, Munich, Germany A. Grassi, ETA-Florence Renewable Energies, Florence, G.J. Conibeer, University of NSW, Sydney, Australia Italy G. Flamand, IMEC, Leuven, Belgium H. Ehmann, WIP, Munich, Germany L. Fraas, JX Crystals, Issaquah, USA A. Freundlich, University of Houston, USA INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC ADVISORY M.A. Hernández-Fenollosa, UPV, Valencia, Spain COMMITTEE J.C. Hummelen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands M. Imaizumi, JAXA, Tsukuba, Japan Chair R.R. King, Spectrolab, Sylmar, USA G.F. De Santi, European Commission, DG JRC, Director of D. König, University of NSW, Sydney, Australia the Institute for Energy and Transport C. Lévy-Clément, CNRS, Thiais, France A. Martí Vega, UPM, Madrid, Spain Secretary H.-D. Mohring, ZSW Stuttgart, Germany N. Taylor, European Commission, DG JRC, Institute for Y. Okada, University of Tokyo, Japan Energy and Transport, Ispra, Italy J. Plá, CNEA, San Martin, Argentina Committee Members B.S. Richards, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, P. Frankl, Head of the Renewable Energy Division, United Kindom International Energy Agency, France F. Roca, ENEA, Portici, Italy P. Hofer-Noser, CTO, Meyer Burger Technology, R. Rubio Berenguel, IFOC, Puertollano, Castilla-La Mancha, Switzerland Spain J.-P. Joly, Director of the National Institute of Solar Energy V. Šály, STU, Bratislava, Slovakia (INES), France G. Siefer, Fraunhofer ISE, Freiburg, Germany S. Nowak, Managing Director of NET Nowak Energy & G. Smekens, Belcast, Brussels, Belgium Technology, Switzerland G. Timò, RSE, Piacenza, Italy E. Peeters, Primary Responibilities, Global Solar Executive L. Tsakalakos, GE Global Research, Niskayuna, USA Director, Vice President Dow Corning Solar Solutions, US J.A.M. Van Roosmalen, ECN, Petten, The Netherlands and Worldwide W. Warta, Fraunhofer ISE, Freiburg, Germany W. Sinke, Program Development Manager, ECN Solar Energy, The Netherlands Topic 2 – Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials R. Soler, Senior-Engineer at R&D Division of EDF on Solar Technology Energy Technologies for Power Generation, EDF – Électricité de France, France O. Anspach, PVCrystalox Solar, Erfurt, Germany P. Verlinden, Chief Scientific and Vice Chair, State Key Lab. R. Brendel, ISFH, Emmerthal, Germany TRINA Solar, China P. Fath, RENA, Gütenbach, Germany E. Weber, Director, Fraunhofer ISE, Germany F. Ferrazza, Eni, Rome, Italy P. Helm, WIP, Munich, Germany J. John, IMEC, Leuven, Belgium A. Grassi, ETA-Florence Renewable Energies, Florence, E. Perezagua, Consultores de Energía Fotovoltaica, Italy Madrid, Spain III K. Petter, Hanwha Q-Cells, Bitterfeld-Wolfen, Germany A. Barnett, University of NSW, Sydney, USA P.J. Ribeyron, CEA/INES RDI, Le Bourget du Lac, France R. Birkmire, University of Delaware, Newark, USA J. Szlufcik, IMEC, Leuven, Belgium T.Y. Chu, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, P. Wohlfart, Singulus Technologies, Kahl am Main, Canada Germany M. Contreras, NREL, Golden, USA P. Wyers, ECN, Petten, The Netherlands P. Delli Veneri, ENEA, Portici, Italy V. Deprédurand, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, A.G. Aberle, SERIS Solar Energy Research Institute of Luxembourg Singapore, Singapore K. Durose, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom F. Assi, Meyer Burger Technology, Thun, Switzerland I. Gordon, IMEC, Leuven, Belgium N. Azkona, UPV/EHU- Instituto de Tecnologia C. Helmke, Masdar PV, Ichtershausen, Germany Microelectronica (TiM), Zamudio, Spain A. Hinsch, Fraunhofer ISE, Freiburg, Germany J. Bagdahn, Fraunhofer CSP, Halle, Germany S.J.C. Irvine, Glyndwr University, St Asaph, United R. Barinka, Solartec, Roznov Pod Radhostem, Kingdom Czech Republic W. Jaegermann, TU Darmstadt, Germany P.A. Basore, Hanwha Solar, Santa Clara, USA R. Klenk, HZB, Berlin, Germany D. Biro, Fraunhofer ISE, Freiburg, Germany C.-F. Lin, NTU, Taipei, Taiwan T.M. Bruton, TMB Consulting, Woking, United Kingdom D. Mataras, University of Patras, Greece B. Dauksher, Arizona State University, Tempe, USA A. Meeder, Filsom, Dübendorf, Switzerland C. Del Cañizo, UPM, Madrid, Spain E. Mellikov, Talinn University of Technology, Estonia D. Dimova-Malinovska, Bulgarian Academy of Science, P.Mogensen, USA Sofia, Bulgaria S. Niki, AIST, Tsukuba, Japan S. Dubois, CEA/INES RDI, Le Bourget du Lac, France J. Parisi, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Universität Oldenburg, T. Dullweber, ISFH, Emmerthal, Germany Germany S.W. Glunz, Fraunhofer ISE, Freiburg, Germany R. Po, Eni Corporate University, San Donato Milanese, Italy G. Hahn, University of Konstanz, Germany P. Roca i Cabarrocas, CNRS - LPICM, Palaiseau, France K. Hesse, Wacker-Chemie, Burghausen, Germany A. Romeo, University of Verona, Italy J. Horzel, Haverlee, Belgium N. Romeo, University of Parma, Italy S.D. Kim, SunPower, San Jose, USA J. Schneider, Fraunhofer CSP, Halle, Germany S. Martinuzzi, University of Marseille, France H.-W. Schock, HZB, Berlin, Germany J.W. Müller, Hanwha Q-Cells, Bitterfeld-Wolfen, Germany V. Sittinger, Fraunhofer IST, Braunschweig, Germany D. Muñoz, CEA/INES RDI, Le Bourget du Lac, France A. Slaoui, InESS Institute d'Electronique du Solide et des H. Nagel, h.a.l.m. elektronik , Germany Systèmes, Strasbourg, France H. Nussbaumer, RENA, Freiburg, Germany M. Topic, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia Y. Oshita, Toyota Technological Institute, Nagoya, Japan K. Yamamoto, Kaneka, Osaka, Japan S. Oktik, Trakya Cam Sanayii, Istanbul, Turkey M. Zeman, Delft University of Applied Science, The K. Peter, ISC Konstanz, Germany Netherlands J. Rentsch, Fraunhofer ISE, Freiburg, Germany I. Sakata, AIST, Tsukuba, Japan E. Sauar,