Maryland 2 Historical Magazine 3 o 3. n i 00 3 00 2: p SO Published Quarterly by the Museum and Library of Maryland History The Maryland Historical Society Fall 1992 THE MARYLAND HISTORICAL SOCIETY OFFICERS AND BOARD OF TRUSTEES, 1992-93 L. Patrick Deering, Chairman Jack S. Griswold, President Dorothy Mcllvain Scott, Vice President Bryson L. Cook, Counsel A. MacDonough Plant, Secretary William R. Amos, Treasurer Term expires 1993 Term Expires 1996 Clarence W. Blount Gary Black, Jr. E. Phillips Hathaway Louis G. Hecht Charles McC. Mathias J. Jefferson Miller II Walter D. Pinkard, Sr. Howard R. Rawlings Orwin C. Talbott Jacques T Schlenger David Mel. Williams Trustees Representing Baltimore City and Counties Term Expires 1994 Baltimore City, Kurt L. Schmoke (Ex Officio) Forrest F. Bramble, Jr. Allegany Co., J. Glenn Beall, Jr. (1993) Stiles T Colwill Anne Arundel Co., Robert R. Neall (Ex Officio) George D. Edwards II Baltimore Co., Roger B. Hayden (Ex Officio) Bryden B. Hyde Calvert Co., Louis L. Goldstein (1995) Stanard T. Klinefelter Carroll Co., William B. Dulany (1995) Mrs. Timothy E. Parker Frederick Co., Richard R. Kline (1996) Richard H. Randall, Jr. Harford Co., Mignon Cameron (1995) Truman T Semans Kent Co., J. Hurst Purnell, Jr. (1995) M. David Testa Montgomery Co., George R. Tydings (1995) H. Mebane Turner Prince George's Co., John W. Mitchell (1995) Term Expires 1995 Washington Co., E. Mason Hendrickson (1993) James C. Alban III Worcester Co., Mrs. Brice Phillips (1995) H. Furlong Baldwin Chairman Emeritus P. McEvoy Cromwell Samuel Hopkins Benjamin H. Griswold III J. Fife Symington, Jr. Arthur J. Gutman President Emeritus Mrs. Bradford McE. Jacobs Leonard C. Crewe, Jr. Mrs. Walter G. Lohr, Jr. E. Mason Hendrickson James O. Olfeon John L. McShane Milton H. Miller, Sr. Brian B. Topping William T. Murray III Frank H.Weller, Jr. John D. Schapiro Bernard C. Trueschler COUNCIL, 1992-93 Phyllis Bailey, Education William E. Miller, Genealogy D. Randall Beirne, Addresses and Programs Mrs. Timothy E. Parker, Special Projects Robert J. Brugger, Publications Richard H. Randall, Jr., Gallery George D. Edwards, II, Membership Cynthia H. Requardt, Library Fred W Hopkins, Maritime Collection M. David Testa, Finance Mrs. Carroll M. Berndt, Mrs. Charles T H. Mebane Turner, Building and Grounds Lyle, Mrs. Jay Katz, Antiques Show Mrs. Leslie E. Goldsborough, Jr., Women's James L. Nace, Annual Giving Committee STAFF Charles T Lyle, Director Penny Z. Catzen, Head Librarian Elizabeth B. Gordon, Registrar Jay A. DeFranco, Controller John J. McHale, Building Services/Security Paula A. Dozier, Public Relations Deborah A. Morris, Public Programs Barbara G. Gamse, Museum Shop Manager Emily E. Parkhurst, Membership & Development Jennifer F Goldsborough, Chief Curator Judith R. Van Dyke, Education Director Maryland f RECEIVED Historical Magazijne SEP 23 1992 MARYUND STATE ARCHIVES VOLUME 87 FALL 1992 HALL OF RECORDS LIBRARY ANNAPOLIS, MARYLAND CONTENTS The Early Textile Industry in Maryland, 1810-1850 251 by Lynda Fuller Clendenning Public Health in Baltimore: Childhood Lead Paint Poisoning, 1930-1970 ... 267 by Elizabeth Fee Research Notes & Maryland Miscellany 294 Capt. John Smith's "Sting Ray" and the Cownose Ray, by William R. Klink The Rockville Academy: Applications for the Position of Principal in April, 1862, by George M. Anderson German Immigrants at Antietam, by C. Eugene Miller Baltimore Rises from the Ashes: George Archer and His Step-Gable Schloss Building, by Irma Walker Maryland History Bibliography, 1991: A Selected List, compiled by Peter H. Curtis and Anne S. K. Turkos Book Reviews 345 Lemay, The American Dream of Captain John Smith, by Edward C. Papenfuse Bridenbaugh, ed.. Gentleman's Progress: The Ilinerarium of Dr. Alexander Hamilton, 1744, by Elaine G. Breslaw Callcott, ed.. Mistress of Riversdale: The Plantation Letters of Rosalie Stier Calvert, 1795- 1821, by Jan Lewis Wilson, The Very Quiet Baltimoreans: A Guide to the Historic Cemeteries and Burial Sites of Baltimore, by Robert Barnes Miller, The Scent of Eternity: A Life of Harris Elliott Kirk of Baltimore, by D. G. Hart Tillson, Gentry and Common Folk: Political Culture on a Virginia Frontier, 1740-1789, by George Green Shackelford Johannsen, Lincoln, the South, and Slavery: The Political Dimension, by Frank Towers Weinert, The Confederate Regular Army, by Brandon H. Beck Bridges, Lee's Maverick General: Daniel Harvey Hill and Fremantle, Three Months in the Southern States, April-June 1863, by David C. Ward Urwin, The United States Infantry: An Illustrated History, 1775-1918, by Ross M. Kimmel Standifer, Not In Vain: A Rifleman Remembers World War II, by D. Randall Beirne Exhibit Reviews 361 Wilson, "Mining the Museum," by Jean B. Russo Flint, "Mermaids, Mummies, and Mastodons: The Evolution of the American Museum," by Sidney Hart Books Received 366 Letters to the Editor 367 Notices 368 Maryland Picture Puzzle 371 Acting as an editorial board, tfw Publications Committee oftlie Maryland Historical Society oversees and supports the magazine staff. Members oftlie committee include: JOSEPH L. ARNOLD, University of Maryland, Baltimore County JEAN H. BAKER, Goucher College JAMES H. BREADY, Baltimore Lois GREEN CARR, St. Mary's City Commission RICHARD R. DUNCAN, Georgetown University JACK G. GOELLNER, Johns Hopkins University Press CHESTER W. GREGORY, Coppin State College GILBERT GUDE, Bethesda DAVID HEIN, Hood College JOHN HICHAM, Johns Hopkins University RONALD HOFFMAN, University of Maryland SAMUEL HOPKINS, Baltimore CHARLES McC. MATHIAS, Chevy Chase ROLAND C. MCCONNELL, Morgan State University NORVELLE E. MILLER III, Baltimore WILLIAM E. MILLER, JR., Bowie ROBERT T. OESTE, Johns Hopkins University Press EDWARD C. PAPENFUSE, Maryland State Archives ROSALYN M. TERBORG-PENN, Morgan State University ROBERT J. BRUGGER, Editor CHRISTINE BATEMAN, Managing Editor MARY ELLEN HAYWARD, Production Editor Assistant Editors ELIZABETH CADWALADER, ROBIN DONALDSON COBLENTZ, and JANE GUSHING LANGE Regional Editors JOHN B. WISEMAN JANE C SWEEN LOU ROSE JOHN R. WENNERSTEN Frostburg Montgomery County Calvert County University of Maryland State University Historical Society Historical Society Eastern Shore Editor's Comer: This issue of the magazine combines a study of early Maryland industry with an examination of how state leaders in public health managed the campaign against lead-paint poisoning in the middle of our own century. Future essays on public- policy issues of continuing interest will include recent struggles over Baltimore City Schools. This number also serves up two literary pieces and, postponed from the summer, the annual bibliography of Maryland history. We thank Peter Curtis, now departed the McKeldin Library at the University of Maryland, College Park, for his steadfast help compiling the bibliography in years past. Cover Design: Front elevation of a "Building for Jos. Schloss & Son, Archer and Allen, Architects" as it appeared in the Catalogue of the Architectural Exhibition Given under the Auspices of the Baltimore Architectural Club and the Municipal Art Society held at the Peabody Institute, December, 1904. (Maryland Historical Society.) ISSN-0025-4258 Copyright 1990 by the Maryland Historical Society. Published in March, June, September, and December. Articles appearing in tliis journal are abstracted and indexed in HISTORICAL ABSTRACTS and/or AMERICA: HISTORY AND LIFE. Second Class postage paid at Baltimore, Maryland, and at additional mailing offices: POSTMASTER please send address changes to the Maryland Historical Society, 201 West Monument Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, which disclaims responsibility for statements, whether of fact or opinion, made by contributors. Composed by Publishing Concepts, Baltimore, Maryland and printed by The Sheridan Press, Hanover, Pennsylvania 17331. 250 MARYLAND HISTORICAL MAGAZINE Maryland Textile mills in 1820, shown on a map of Maryland published in 1824. (University of Maryland, Marylandia Collection.) The Early Textile Industry in Maryland, 1810-1850 LYNDA FULLER CLENDENNING Until fairly recently studies of early American industrialization concen- trated on the New England cotton textile industry, epitomized by large integrated cotton mills on the Merrimack River in Massachusetts and personified by the Lowell factory girl. Lured off the farm by relatively high wages, the Lowell girls lived in "strictly chaperoned boarding houses"; "with their neat dresses, correct deportment, and literary weekly" they captured the fancy of most observers and of historians like the approving Samuel Eliot Morison.1 While Morison admitted that the Lowell factory girls were never typical of mill operatives, he failed to reveal what typical mill life was like. Caroline Ware in her classic 1931 work described the rise of the New England cotton industry as the principal story of American industrialization. She attributed the growth of textile manufacturing to the migration of farm girls and boys to cities and towns where they worked in large mechanized factories built by wealthy merchant families, who in a vigorous spirit of enterprise "furnished a pattern for industrial developments of modern times."2 This generalization stood as the standard explanation of early American in- dustrialization until the 1970s, when Anthony F. C. Wallace extended the regional boundaries of the textile industry story to include Rockdale, a rural village in southeastern Pennsylvania, where family-financed manufacturers operated small mills on Chester Creek. Other