ELF-i poolt Keskkonnaametile üle antud kinnitamata versioon Eestimaa Looduse Fond Vilsandi rahvuspargi kaitsekorralduskava aastateks 2011-2020 Liis Kuresoo ja Kaupo Kohv Tartu-Vilsandi 2010 ELF-i poolt Keskkonnaametile üle antud kinnitamata versioon SISUKORD Sissejuhatus ..................................................................................................................................... 6 1 Vilsandi rahvuspargi iseloomustus ......................................................................................... 8 1.1 Vilsandi rahvuspargi asend .......................................................................................... 8 1.2 Vilsandi rahvuspargi geomorfoloogiline ja bioloogiline iseloomustus ....................... 8 1.3 Vilsandi rahvuspargi kaitse-eesmärk, kaitsekord ja rahvusvaheline staatus................ 8 1.4 Maakasutus ja maaomand ............................................................................................ 9 1.5 Huvigrupid ................................................................................................................. 13 1.6 Vilsandi rahvuspargi visioon ..................................................................................... 16 2 Väärtused ja kaitse-eesmärgid .............................................................................................. 17 Elustik ........................................................................................................................................... 17 2.1 Linnustik .................................................................................................................... 17 2.1.1 I kategooria liigid .................................................................................................. 17 2.1.1.1 Merikotkas (Haliaetus albicilla) ...................................................................... 17 2.1.1.2 Tutkas (Philomachus pugnax) .......................................................................... 17 2.1.1.3 Kassikakk (Bubo bubo) .................................................................................... 17 2.1.1.4 Niidurüdi (Caldris alpina schinzii) ................................................................... 18 2.1.2 Haudelinnustik laidudel ja rannikul ...................................................................... 18 2.1.3 Rändel peatuvad ja talvituvad linnud .................................................................... 20 2.2 Imetajad ...................................................................................................................... 21 2.2.1 Hallhüljes (Halichoerus grypus) ........................................................................... 21 2.2.2 Nahkhiired ............................................................................................................. 21 2.3 Kahepaiksed ja roomajad ........................................................................................... 22 2.3.1 Kõre (Bufo calamita) ............................................................................................. 22 2.3.2 Teised kahepaiksed ja roomajad............................................................................ 22 2.4 Kalad .......................................................................................................................... 22 2.4.1 Võldas (Cottus gobio) ja jõesilm (Lampetra fluvialis) .......................................... 22 2.4.2 Merisiig (Coregonus lavaretus) ja lõhi (Salmo Salar) .......................................... 23 2.5 Selgrootud .................................................................................................................. 23 2.5.1 Putukad .................................................................................................................. 23 2.5.2 Apteegikaan (Hirudo medicinalis) ........................................................................ 24 2.6 Taimed ....................................................................................................................... 24 2.6.1 Silmjärvikas (Litorella uniflora) ........................................................................... 25 2.6.2 Arukäpp (Orchis morio) ........................................................................................ 25 2.6.3 Saaremaa sõrmkäpp (Dactylorhiza osiliensis) ...................................................... 25 2.6.4 Soolakutaimed ....................................................................................................... 25 2.6.5 Luitetaimed ............................................................................................................ 26 2.6.6 Kaljutaimed ........................................................................................................... 26 2.6.7 Niidutaimed ........................................................................................................... 27 2.6.8 Metsataimed häiludes ja puisniitudel .................................................................... 28 2.6.9 Metsataimed, mis ei talu häirimist ........................................................................ 28 2.6.10 Sootaimed .............................................................................................................. 29 2.6.11 Kaldaveetaimed ..................................................................................................... 30 2.6.12 Sammaltaimed ....................................................................................................... 30 2.6.12.1 Kurdõhik (Neckera crispa) .......................................................................... 30 Seened ....................................................................................................................................... 31 2.6.13 Bloxami punalehik (Entoloma bloxamii) .............................................................. 31 2 ELF-i poolt Keskkonnaametile üle antud kinnitamata versioon 2.6.14 Haruldased seeneliigid .......................................................................................... 31 2.7 Samblikud .................................................................................................................. 31 Elupaigad ...................................................................................................................................... 32 2.8 Mereelupaigad ............................................................................................................ 32 2.8.1 Karid (1170) .......................................................................................................... 32 2.8.2 Mereveega üleujutatud liivamadalad (1110) ......................................................... 33 2.8.3 Liivased ja mudased pagurannad (1140) ............................................................... 33 2.8.4 Laiad madalad abajad ja lahed (1160) ................................................................... 33 2.9 Rannikuelupaigad....................................................................................................... 35 2.9.1 Rannaelupaigad ..................................................................................................... 35 2.9.1.1 Esmased rannavallid (1210) ............................................................................. 35 2.9.1.2 Püsitaimestuga kivirannad (1220) .................................................................... 35 2.9.1.3 Püsitaimestuga liivarannad (1640) ................................................................... 35 2.9.1.4 Soolakulised muda- ja liivarannad (1310) ........................................................ 35 2.9.1.5 Merele avatud pankrannad (1230) .................................................................... 36 2.9.2 Luiteelupaigad ....................................................................................................... 36 2.9.2.1 Eelluited ja liikuvad rannikuluited (2110) ........................................................ 36 2.9.2.2 Hallid luited (*2130) ........................................................................................ 36 2.9.3 Metsastunud luited ja niisked luitenõod ................................................................ 36 2.9.3.1 Metsastunud luited (2180) ................................................................................ 36 2.9.3.2 Niisked luitenõod (2190) .................................................................................. 37 2.9.4 Rannikulõukad (*1150) ......................................................................................... 37 2.9.5 Väikesaared ning laiud (1620) .............................................................................. 37 2.9.6 Rannaniidud (*1630) ............................................................................................. 38 2.10 Kadastikud (5130) ...................................................................................................... 38 2.11 Niidud......................................................................................................................... 39 2.11.1 Loopealsed e. alvarid (*6280) ............................................................................... 39 2.11.2 Puisniidud ja –karjamaad ...................................................................................... 39 2.11.3 Kuivad niidud lubjarikkal mullal, sinihelmika kooslused ja teised poollooduslikud elupaigad .................................................................................. 40 2.12 Sood ..........................................................................................................................