Space Force Update22 | Interview: AFRC’s Lt. Gen. Scobee36 | History: ‘Team B’ vs. CIA 136 AIR FORCE MAGAZINE MAGAZINE AIR FORCE USAF JUNE 2019 ALMANAC2019 ALMANAC WWW.AIRFORCEMAG.COM June 2019 $18 Published by the Air Force Association SEE THROUGH THE WORST CONDITIONS The vision for greater terrain awareness HEAD-UP GUIDANCE SYSTEM WITH ENHANCED VISION When your mobility mission is no fail, own the night with • Improves safety with greater situational Collins Aerospace’s Head-up Guidance System (HGS™) with and aircraft-state awareness Enhanced Vision System (EVS). See through adverse weather conditions and passively identify terrain obstacles for • Enables low-visibility operations and unprecedented situational awareness and mission success. objective area identification Our proven HGS and EVS products are ready today to support • Now certifying aircraft to descend below the tactical airlift mission. DA/DH approach minimums collinsaerospace.com/hvs © 2019 Collins Aerospace, a United Technologies company. All rights reserved. UTC Aerospace Systems and Rockwell Collins are now Collins Aerospace. 49544 CA_HGS_EVS_Air Force Magazine.indd 1 5/16/19 4:39 PM Client: Collins Aerospace Ad Title: HGS EVS - See through the worst conditions Publication: Air Force Magazine - June Trim: 8.125” x 10.875” • Bleed: 8.375” x 11.125” • Live: 7.375” x 10.125” STAFF Publisher Bruce A. Wright June 2019. Vol. 102, No. 5 Editor in Chief Tobias Naegele Managing Editor Juliette Kelsey Chagnon Editorial Director John A. Tirpak Photo: TSgt. Hibben Photo: Chris News Editor DEPARTMENTS FEATURES A C-130J support- Amy McCullough 2 Editorial: A ing Combined Assistant Space Force 36 Q&A: In Reserve Joint Task Force- for the Future An exclusive interview with Lt. Gen. Richard W. Scobee, Horn of Africa Managing Editor Chequita Wood By Tobias AFRC commander. operations in Naegele early May. Senior Designer Dashton Parham 3 Letters 38 USAF 2019 Almanac A comprehensive look at the Air Force including its Pentagon Editor 4 Index to people, equipment, budget, weapons systems, and more. Brian W. Everstine Advertisers Digital Platforms 8 Airframes 40 Structure Editor The command structure of the US Air Force; numbered air Jennifer-Leigh 18 Strategy & Oprihory Policy: A Czar forces and centers for EW; China’s 41 People Senior Editor Long View; USAF’s personnel by the numbers: total force; end strength Rachel S. Cohen Defending and manpower trends; breakdowns by gender, rank, region, Production Taiwan and command Manager Eric Chang Lee 20 Verbatim 44 Pay Photo Editor 22 World: Tyndall Military basic pay; housing allowance; hazardous duty pay; Mike Tsukamoto and O utt federal civilian pay Restoration; MOH 46 Insignia of the Armed Forces Push; F-35A Contributors Rank insignia for USAF, Army, Navy, Marine Corps, and Aaron M. U. Church Combat Debut; Coast Guard and more ... John T. 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A photo illustration weapons systems, and satellite systems in the USAF created by Eric Lee, 1-800-727-3337 inventory who combined an eagle photo taken by 136 Team B Tackles the CIA Felix Broennimann with 324 photos from By John T. Correll past issues of Air The Pentagon and Cold War hardliners did not trust the Force Magazine. national intelligence estimates. Air Force Magazine (ISSN 0730-6784) June 2019 (Vol. 102, No. 5) is published monthly, except for two double issues in January/February and July/August, by the Air Force Association, 1501 Lee Highway, Arlington, VA 22209-1198. Phone (703) 247-5800. Periodical postage paid at Arlington, Va., and additional mailing o ices. Membership Rate: $50 per year; $35 e-Membership; $125 for three-year membership. Subscription Rate: $50 per year; $29 per year additional for postage to foreign addresses (except Canada and Mexico, which are $10 per year additional). Regular issues $8 each. USAF Almanac issue $18 each. Change of address requires four weeks’ notice. Please include mailing label. POSTMASTER: Send changes of address to Air Force Association, 1501 Lee Highway, Arlington, VA 22209-1198. Publisher assumes no responsibility for unsolicited material. Trademark registered by Air Force Association. Copyright 2019 by Air Force Association. JUNE AIRFORCEMAG.COM EDITORIAL By Tobias Naegele A Space Force for the Future resident Trump has spent nearly a year pressing for the that leverages US capabilities in space and cyberspace—and could creation of an independent Space Force. Over the next help define future capabilities not yet in place. few months, Congress must decide how—and wheth- “More than ever before, the world is trans-regional. It’s also er—to act. all-domain,” Allvin told a Mitchell Institute for Aerospace gathering Advocates for a separate Space Force argue that at AFA headquarters in May. “Anything we contemplate is going PRussia and China already see space as a warfighting domain. to have to be in all domains. We have to integrate that better. It’s “They view space as important to modern warfare and view critical to have cyber and space integrated into our way of war.” counter-space capabilities as a means to reduce US and allied Yet, today our ability to generate eects in space is less mature military eectiveness,” said the Defense Intelligence Agency in a than our ability to generate cyber eects—even though we’ve been January report titled Challenges to Security in Space. Both rivals operating in space for far longer. The United States has been so reorganized their militaries in 2015, emphasizing space operations far ahead in space for so long that it hasn’t had to worry about and both have developed space weapons. defending those advantages until recently. Anyone who has watched US military operations over the past “Now that space is recognized as a warfighting domain,” Allvin 25 years knows how much the American way of war depends on said, critical questions must be answered: “What do we protect, space for situational awareness, communicating, navigating, and what do we want to attack? That’s what I mean by integrating the precisely putting weapons on target. Today, China and Russia planning: It’s not just that you have an annex out there, but rather view those largely undefended military space assets as the soft that it becomes part of the planning options to do things that you underbelly of our technologically superior force. Iran and North can’t do in the other domains that might be able to broaden the Korea do, too. decision space.” Opponents of an independent Space Force counter that splitting This will take time. Rather than split space o on its own today out space from the Air Force will disrupt existing synergy, fuel in- and expect a new force to develop all that from scratch while simul- ter-service rivalry, and divert funding and attention from adding ca- taneously maturing as a full-fledged member of the armed services, pability in favor of building bureaucracy. They note correctly that the Congress should think back to the interwar years when airpower administration’s Space Force proposal does nothing was developing inside the Army Air Corps. It is wiser to address a US government space enterprise that’s “More than ever to set the conditions for nurturing today’s capabilities fragmented across 60 civilian and defense agencies, before, the world within a cohesive and established ecosystem, so and that the plan does little more than repackage Air that it can develop the strength and infrastructure Force personnel into a new headquarters with virtual- is trans-regional. to stand on its own in the future. ly no new people or assets from other organizations. It’s also all- By redesignating Air Force Space Command To see the way forward, it is helpful to look back domain.”—Lt. Gen. as the Air Force Space Corps (reflecting the early in history. Airpower had already won a war when the David Allvin history of the Army Air Corps) or the Air Force Space decision to create a single Department of Defense Force (in order to more firmly set the tone for future with an independent Navy, Army, and Air Force came intent), Congress can establish the groundwork for about in 1947. In World War I, airmen harnessed nascent aviation a future Space Force with the tools and doctrine needed to be technology in the combat arena; in the interwar years, they devel- successful. Over time, space assets and personnel from the Army, oped strategies, operational concepts, tactics, and new capabilities. Navy, and National Reconnaissance Oice can be integrated into World War II tested those ideas under fire, fueling rapid innovation in that force, building capacity and capability at the same time as both the conceptual and technological realms.