The Trend Away From Functional Chromaticism In Amaerican Popular Music: A Fifty-Year Sample Author: WORKSHEET Nick Rissman YEAR SONG ARTIST APPLIED CHORD MODE MIXTURE MODULATION NOTES 1966 1.#"Ballad#of#the#Green#Berets" SSgt.#Barry#Sadler 2."#Cherish" The#Association x 3.##"Soul#and#Inspiration" The#Righteous#Brothers 4."Reach#Out#I'll#Be#There" Four#Tops x x 5.#"96#Tears" ?#And#the#Mysterians x 6.#"Last#Train#to#ClarKsville" The#MonKees x 7.#"Monday#Monday" Mamas#&#the#Papas x x 8.#"Can't#Hurry#Love" The#Supremes 9.#"Poor#Side#of#Town" Johnny#Rivers x 10.#"California#Dreamin" Mamas#&#the#Papas TOTALS 6/10%(60%)%Chromatic 2 5 1 YEAR SONG ARTIST APPLIED CHORD MODE MIXTURE MODULATION NOTES 1967 1.##"To#Sir#WITH#Love" Lulu x x 2.##"The#Letter"# The#Box#Tops x 3.#"Ode#to#Billie#Joe" Bobbie#Gentry 4.#"Windy" The#Association x 5.#"I'm#a#Believer" The#MonKees x 6.#"Light#my#Fire" The#Doors x x x 7.#"Somthin'#Stupid" FranK#&#Nancy#Sinatra x 8.##"Happy#Together" The#Turtles x x Modulation#to#parallel#major 9.#"Groovin'" The#Young#Rascals 10.#"Can't#Take#My#Eyes#off#You" FranKie#Valli x x TOTALS 8/10%(80%)%Chromatic 4 6 3 YEAR SONG ARTIST APPLIED CHORD MODE MIXTURE MODULATION NOTES 1968 1.##"Hey#Jude" Beatles x 2.##"Love#is#Blue" Paul#Mauriat x 3.##"Honey" Bobby#Goldsboro 4.##"Sittin'#on#the#DocK#of#the#Bay" Otis#Redding x Deceptive#resolution#of#V/vi 5.##"People#Got#to#Be#Free" The#Rascals 6.#"Sunshine#of#Your#Love" Cream x 7.#"This#Guy's#in#Love#With#You" Herb#Alpert x 8.#"The#Good,#Bad,#and#Ugly" Hugo#Montenegro x 9.#"Mrs.#Robinson" Simon#&#GarfunKel x x 10.#"Tighten#Up" Archie#Bell#&#the#Drells TOTALS 7/10%(70%)%Chromatic 4 3 1 The Trend Away From Functional Chromaticism In Amaerican Popular Music: A Fifty-Year Sample Author: WORKSHEET Nick Rissman YEAR SONG ARTIST APPLIED CHORD MODE MIXTURE MODULATION NOTES 1969 1.##"Sugar#Sugar" The#Archies x 2.#"Aquarius" The#5th#Dimension x x Verse#exhibits#equipoise#between#two#tonics# 3.##"I#Can't#Get#Next#to#You" The#Temptations x 4.#"HonKy#TonK#Woman" The#Rolling#Stones x 5.#"Every#Day#People" Sly#and#the#Family#Stone 6.#"Dizzy" Tommy#Roe x x Use#of#ascending#sequentialcphrase#modulation 7.#"Hot#Fun#in#the#Summertime" Sly#and#the#Family#Stone x x Temporary#tonicization#of#flatcIII 8.#I'll#Never#Fall#in#Love#Again" Tom#Jones 9.#"Build#Me#Up#Buttercup" The#Foundations x x Deceptive#resolution#of#V/vi 10.#"Crimson#and#Clover" Tommy#James#&#Shondells TOTALS 7/10%(70%)%Chromatic 2 6 3 YEAR SONG ARTIST APPLIED CHORD MODE MIXTURE MODULATION NOTES 1970 1.#"Bridge#Over#Troubled#Water" Simon#&#GarfunKel x x 2.#"Close#to#You" The#Carpenters x 3.#"American#Woman" The#Guess#Who 4.#"Raindrops#Keep#Fallin'#on#my#Head B.J.#Thomas x 5.#"War" Edwin#Starr 6.#"Ain't#no#Mountain#High#Enough" Diana#Ross x x 7.#"I'll#be#There" The#JacKson#5 x x Bridge#temporarily#pulls#towards#IV,#through#a#IV/IV 8.#"Get#Ready" Rare#Earth x Bridge#modulates#to#flat#III 9.#"Let#it#Be" The#Beatles x A#single,#flat#VII#in#instrumental#break 10.#"Band#of#Gold"# Freda#Payne TOTALS 7/10%(70%)%Chromatic 5 4 1 YEAR SONG ARTIST APPLIED CHORD MODE MIXTURE MODULATION NOTES 1971 1."Joy#to#the#World" Three#Dog#Night x x 2.#"Maggie#May" Rod#Stewart 3.#"It's#Too#Late/Feel#The#Earth#Move" Carole#King x x 4.#"One#Bad#Apple" The#Osmaonds 5.#"How#Can#You#Mend#a#BroKen#Heart"Bee#Gees x 6.#"Indian#Reservation" #Paul#Revere#&#The#Raiders 7.#"Go#Away#Little#Girl" Donny#Osmond x x 8.#"Take#Me#Home#Country#Roads John#Denver x flat#VII#in#bridge 9.#"Just#My#Imagination" The#Temptations 10."Knock#Three#Times" Tony#Orlando#&#Dawn x V7/IV#(seventh#of#chord#is#present,#but#very#faint;) The Trend Away From Functional Chromaticism In Amaerican Popular Music: A Fifty-Year Sample Author: WORKSHEET Nick Rissman TOTALS 6/10%(60%)%Chromatic 4 2 3 YEAR SONG ARTIST APPLIED CHORD MODE MIXTURE MODULATION NOTES 1972 1.#"The#First#Time#Ever#I#Saw#Your#Face Roberta#FlacK x flat#VII 2.#"Alone#Again" Gilbert#O'Sullivan x x x 3.#"American#Pie" Don#McLean x Deceptine#resolution#of#V/V#(prolonged#to#vi) 4.#"Without#You" Harry#Nilsson x 5.#"The#Candy#Man" Sammy#Davis#Jr. x x x 6.#"I#Gotcha" Joe#Tex 7.#"Lean#On#Me" Bill#Withers 8.#"Baby#Don't#Getted#HooKed#On#Me" Mac#Davis 9.#"Brand#New#Key" Melanie x Instrumental#harmonics#suggest#V7/IV 10.#"Daddy#Don't#You#WalK#So#Fast" Wayne#Newton x TOTALS 7/10%(70%)%Chromatic 6 3 2 YEAR SONG ARTIST APPLIED CHORD MODE MIXTURE MODULATION NOTES 1973 1.#"Tie#A#Yellow#Ribbon" Tony#Orlando#&#Dawn x x 2.#"Bad#Bad#Leroy#Brown" Jim#Croce x x "Planing"#of#Applied#Dominants;#Ionian/Mixolydian#(blues#scale) 3.#"Killing#Me#Softly" Roberta#FlacK x Use#of#chromatic#circle#of#fifths 4.#"Let's#Get#it#On Marvin#Gaye 5.#"My#Love" Paul#McCartnet#&#Wings x 6.#"Why#Me" Kris#Kristofferson x 7.#"Crocodile#RocK" Elton#John x x 8.#"Will#it#go#Round#in#Circles" Billy#Preston x x Maj/min#tonic#toggle 9.#"You're#so#Vain" Carly#Simon x Modulation#to#Relative#Major 10.#"Touch#Me#in#the#Morning" Diana#Ross x x flatcVII TOTALS 9/10%(90%)%Chromatic 8 5 1 YEAR SONG ARTIST APPLIED CHORD MODE MIXTURE MODULATION NOTES 1974 1.#"The#Way#We#Were" Barbra#Steisand x 2.#"Seasons#in#the#Sun" Terry#JacKs x 3.#"Love's#Theme"# Love#Unlimited#Orchestra x 4.#"Come#and#Get#Your#Love" Redbone 5.#"Dancing#Machine" The#JacKson#5 x Splitcthird#(major#and#minor[flat#tenth)#tonic#triad;#natural#vi#and#flat#VI 6.#"The#LococMotion" Grand#FunK#Railroad x Deceptive#resolution#of#V7/V#(to#I) 7.#"TSOP#(The#Sound#of#Philadelphia" MFSB x Flat#III 8.#"The#Streak" Ray#Stevens The Trend Away From Functional Chromaticism In Amaerican Popular Music: A Fifty-Year Sample Author: WORKSHEET Nick Rissman 9.#"Bennie#and#The#Jets" Elton#John x x Flat#VII 10.#"One#Hell#of#a#Woman" Mac#Davis x Mixolydian#with#minor#iv;#Chorus#follows#chromatic#circle#of#fifths TOTALS 8/10%(80%)%Chromatic 3 5 1 YEAR SONG ARTIST APPLIED CHORD MODE MIXTURE MODULATION NOTES 1975 1.#"Love#Will#Keep#Us#Together" Captain#&#Tennille x x Deceptive#resolution#of#V7/ii 2.#"Rhinestone#Cowboy" Glen#Campbell x 3.#"Philadelphia#Freedom" Elton#John x x Deceptive#resolution#of#V7/V 4.#"Before#The#Next#Teardrop#Falls" Freddy#Fender x 5.#"My#Eyes#Adored#You" FranKie#Valli x x x 6.#"Shining#Star" Earth#Wind#&#Fire x x Splitcthird#(major#and#minor[flat#tenth)#tonic#triad;#Chromatic#circle#of#5ths 7.#"Fame" David#Bowie x Piece#is#in#natural/harmonic#minor;#use#of#flat#VI#and#Major#IV 8.#"Laughter#in#the#Rain" Neil#Sedaka x x 9.#"One#of#these#Nights" Eagles x Tonicization#of#III(relative#major) 10.#"ThanK#God#I'm#a#Country#Boy" John#Denver x Flat#VII TOTALS 10/10%(100%)%Chromatic 7 6 3 YEAR SONG ARTIST APPLIED CHORD MODE MIXTURE MODULATION NOTES 1976 1.#"Silly#Love#Songs" Wings Implied#V/V#in#bass#line#transition#to#chorus 2.#"Don't#go#Breakin'#My#Heart Elton#John#&#KiKi#Dee x x 3.#"Disco#Lady" Johnnie#Taylor x x Bridge#modulates#to#vi,#then#has#chromatic#instability. 4.#"December#1963(Oh#What#a#Night) The#Four#Seasons x Deceptive#resolution#of#V/V#(in#instrumental#break) 5.#"Play#that#FunKy#Music" #Wild#Cherry x x Modulation#to#flat#III#in#bridge,#which#inturn#borrows#another#flat#III 6.#"Kiss#and#Say#Goodbye" The#Manhattans 7.#"Love#Machine" The#Miracles x x x Tonicization#of#flat#VII;#parallel#major/minor#mode#mixture 8.#"50#Ways#to#Leave#Your#Lover" Paul#Simon x x Natural#&#Harmonic#minor#scales.##Chorus#modulates#to#III 9.#"Love#is#Alive" Gary#Wright x Parallel#major/minor#mode#mixture 10.#"A#Fifth#of#Beethoven" Walter#Murphy#&Big#Apple#Bandx x Major#IV#(in#a#minor#Key) TOTALS 8/10%(80%)%Chromatic 5 7 3 YEAR SONG ARTIST APPLIED CHORD MODE MIXTURE MODULATION NOTES 1977 1.#"Tonight's#the#Night" Rod#Stewart x x x Remote#Key#relationship#between#introduction#and#verse. 2.#"I#Just#Want#to#be#Your#Everything" Andy#Gibb x x V7/ii;#flat#VII 3.#"Best#of#My#Love" The#Emotions x V7/vi 4.#"Evergreen" Barbra#Streisand x x Deceptive#resolution#of#V7/V 5.#"Angel#in#your#Arms" Hot The Trend Away From Functional Chromaticism In Amaerican Popular Music: A Fifty-Year Sample Author: WORKSHEET Nick Rissman 6.#"I#LiKe#Dreamin" Kenny#Nolan x x 7.#"Don't#Leave#Me#this#Way" Thelma#Houston x x x Tonal#equipoise(between#vi#and#I)#in#verse;#modulation#to#parallel#major 8.#"Higher#and#Higher#(Your#Love..) Rita#Coolidge x x x 9.#"Undercover#Angel" Alan#O'Day x x 10.#"Torn#Between#two#Lovers" Mary#MacGregor x V7/ii#in#chorus TOTALS 9/10%(90%)%Chromatic 9 6 4 YEAR SONG ARTIST APPLIED CHORD MODE MIXTURE MODULATION NOTES 1978 1.#"Slow#Dancing" Andy#Gibb x x Tonicization#of#III#(piece#is#in#minor) 2.#"Night#Fever" Bee#Gees x x x Flat#II;#Chorus#modulates#to#major#VI 3.#"You#Light#up#My#Life" Debby#Boone x x Chorus#modulates#from#I#to#V 4.#"Stayin'#Alive" Bee#Gees Dorian 5.#"Kiss#You#All#Over" Exile 6.#"How#Deep#Is#Your#Love" Bee#Gees x x Deceptive#resolution#of#V7/vi/#Flat#VIIraised11 7.#"Baby#Come#BacK" Andy#Gibb x Tonal#ambiguityccavoidance#of#tonic 8.#"Love#Is#ThicKer#Than#Water" Andy#Gibb x Natural/Harmonic#minor#toggle#(instrumental#break) 9.#"Boogie#Oogie#Oogie" #Taste#of#Honey Tonal#ambiguityccavoidance#of#tonic 10.#"Three#Times#A#Lady" Commodores x x V7/IV TOTALS 7/10%(70%)%Chromatic 6 5 2 YEAR SONG ARTIST APPLIED CHORD MODE MIXTURE MODULATION NOTES 1979 1.#"My#Sharona" The#KnacK x HexatoniccBlues#scale#with#borrowed#flat#VI 2.#"Bad#Girls" Donna#Summer x Natural/Harmonic#minor 3.#"Le#Freak" Chic Dorian 4.#"Da#Ya#ThinK#I'm#Sexy" Rod#Stewart 5.#"Reunited" Peaches#&#Herb x minor#iv;#Flat#VII 6.#"I#Will#Survive" Gloria#Gaynor x Piece#is#in#minor#modeccmodified#diatonic#circle#of#fifthsV/III#(in#minor#Key) 7.#"Hot#Stuff" Donna#Summer Power#chords#(omited#3rd)ccdifficult#to#determine#whether#5th#partial#present