Kerridge Ridge & Ingersley Vale An Historical Study Compiled by George Longden On behalf of Groundwork Macclesfield & Vale Royal as part of the Kerridge Ridge & Ingersley Vale Countryside and Heritage Project. May 2002. TABLE OF CONTENTS PART ONE: AGRICULTURE .............................................................. 5 1. WILD AND WOODED FRONTIER ZONE .............................................. 6 2. MEDIEVAL COMMUNITIES OF THE MANOR AND FOREST OF MACCLESFIELD .................................................................................. 7 3. SEVENTEENTH CENTURY RAINOW................................................... 8 4. THE TITHE SURVEY OF THE 1840s.................................................. 9 a. CHANGES SINCE THE 17TH CENTURY ...........................................................10 New Farms ...................................................................................................10 Decline of arable farming...............................................................................10 b. THE FARMS OF THE KRIV AREA.....................................................................10 Stakehouse End Farm...................................................................................10 Bull's Head ...................................................................................................11 Redway.........................................................................................................12 Fields above the quarries on the west side of Kerridge Hill..............................12 Five Ashes Farm ...........................................................................................12 Ivy House......................................................................................................13 Woodend Farm..............................................................................................13 Adshead's Barn Farm....................................................................................13 North End Farm............................................................................................14 Rainow Mill Farm..........................................................................................15 Waulkmill Farm ............................................................................................15 Ingersley Farm ..............................................................................................15 Higher Ingersley Farm...................................................................................16 Lowerbrook Farm..........................................................................................16 Hough Hole Farm..........................................................................................16 Kerridgeside..................................................................................................17 Old Hall Farm (Sugar Lane Farm) ..................................................................17 Lowndes Fold Farm.......................................................................................18 Tower Hill Farm ( I ) ......................................................................................18 Tower Hill Farm ( II ) .....................................................................................18 New Barn Farm.............................................................................................19 Brookhouse Farm .........................................................................................19 c. FARM MAPS ....................................................................................................21 5. CORN MILLS...................................................................................27 a. RAINOW MILL .................................................................................................27 b. KERRIDGE WINDMILL ....................................................................................27 6. LANDSCAPES OF WEALTH AND LIESURE.........................................28 a. INGERSLEY HALL ...........................................................................................28 b. WHITE NANCY ................................................................................................29 c. TURTON'S TOWER ..........................................................................................31 d. HOUGH HOLE HOUSE AND GARDENS ...........................................................31 7. ASSESSMENT .................................................................................32 8. REFERENCES (for Part One: Agriculture) .........................................32 PART TWO: MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY ..................................... 35 1. DOMESTIC TEXTILE PRODUCTION .................................................36 2 a. THE LATER 14TH CENTURY ...........................................................................36 b. THE 17TH CENTURY.......................................................................................36 c. THE 18TH CENTURY .......................................................................................36 2. PRE-INDUSTRIAL MILLS .................................................................37 a. THE FULLING MILL.........................................................................................37 b. THE PAPER MILL ............................................................................................37 3. THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION IN THE UPPER DEAN VALLEY .........38 4. THE COTTON MILLS OF THE KRIV AREA ........................................39 a. HIGHER MILLS ...............................................................................................39 b. RAINOW MILL .................................................................................................41 c. INGERSLEY VALE MILL...................................................................................44 d. HOUGH HOLE MILL........................................................................................48 e. COW LANE MILL .............................................................................................50 5. OTHER FACTORIES ........................................................................52 a. SPRINGBANK MILL .........................................................................................52 b. BRITTON'S FACTORY, JACKSON LANE ...........................................................52 6. ASSESSMENT OF THE MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY SITES..............53 a. HIGHER MILL .................................................................................................53 b. RAINOW MILL .................................................................................................53 c. INGERSLEY VALE MILL...................................................................................53 d. HOUGH HOLE MILL........................................................................................54 e. COW LANE MILL .............................................................................................54 7. REFERENCES (for Part Two: Manufacturing Industry) ......................55 PART THREE: EXTRACTIVE INDUSTRIES ...................................... 57 1. GEOLOGY.......................................................................................58 2. STONE QUARRIES : GENERAL HISTORY IN KRIV AREA....................59 a. EARLY EXPLOITATION OF KERRIDGE STONE.................................................59 b. THE 17TH AND 18TH CENTURIES ..................................................................60 c. THE NINETEENTH CENTURY ..........................................................................60 3. STONE QUARRIES: PARTICULAR HISTORIES...................................63 a. QUARRIES ON THE WESTERN SIDE OF KERRIDGE HILL ...............................63 Quarries to the east of the Redway Tavern. ....................................................63 North End Quarries. .....................................................................................63 Alfred Gatley (1816 - 1863)............................................................................64 Glory Hole.....................................................................................................65 Cook's Quarries. ...........................................................................................65 Gag Quarry...................................................................................................65 Sycamore Quarry. .........................................................................................65 Bridge Quarry (part of Endon Quarries). ........................................................66 William Clayton and the Endon Estate. .........................................................66 The Kerridge Tramway. .................................................................................67 Turret Quarry (part of Endon Quarries). ........................................................68 Windmill Quarry (part of Endon Quarries). ....................................................68 Five Ashes Quarries. .....................................................................................68 Marksend Quarries. ......................................................................................69 b. QUARRIES ON THE EASTERN SIDE OF KERRIDGE HILL ................................69 Kerridge Quarries..........................................................................................70 Quarry above Hough Hole Mill.......................................................................71