THE UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA GRADUATE COLLEGE GEOLOGY OF WAGONER COUNTY, OKLAHOMA A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE FACULTY in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY BY RAYMOND W. GOVETT Norman, Oklahoma 1959 GEOLOGY OF WAGONER COUNTY, OKLAHOMA APPROVED BY DISSERTATION COMMITTEE ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The writer wishes to express his appreciation to the Oklahoma Geological Survey for the assistance given while working on th is p ro je c t. Dr. Carl C. Branson checked the work and served as chairman of the doctoral committee. The following men served on the doctoral committee and offered constructive criticism : Dr. E. A. Frederickson, Dr. George G. Huffman, Dr. Charles J. Mankin and Dr. Clifford A. M erritt. Dr. P. K. Sutherland helped to identify the inverte­ brate fossils. Thanks are due to the many farmers and ranchers in the County who gave permission to enter their land and aided in locating outcrops. The writer wishes to thank his father, Mr. Sam E. Govett, for assistance in preparation of the manuscript. The writer is especially indebted to his wife, Lenora, for help in several phases of this project. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ................................................................................. i i i LIST OF PLATES ................................................................................... v i i LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................... v i i i LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS .................................................................... ix Chapter I . INTRODUCTION .......................................................................... 1 Scope and Purpose ....................................................... 1 L ocation .......................................................................... 1 Accessibility ............................................................... 3 Previous Investigations .......................................... 6 Present Investigation .............................................. 10 I I . GEOGRAPHY................................................................................ 12 Topographic Features ................................................ 12 D rainage ........................................................................... 13 C lim ate ............................................................................. 15. S o ils ................................................................................. 17 Economic Development ................................................ 19 I I I . SURFACE STRATIGRAPHY........................................................ 21 General Statement ....................................................... 21 M ississippian System ................................................ 22 Osage Series ............................................................. 23 Reeds Spring Formation ............................... 23 Keokuk Formation ............................................ 24 iv Chapter Page Meramec S eries ......................................................... 25 Mayes Group ........................................................... 25 Moorefield Formation ................................... 26 Bayou Manard Member ................................. 29 Lindsey Bridge Member ............................. 30 Ordnance Plant Member ............................. 30 Chester Series ......................................................... 31 Hindsville Formation .......... 31 Fayetteville Formation ................................. 33 Pitkin Formation ............................................ 34 Pennsylvanian System ..................................... 36 Morrowan Series ....................................................... 38 Hale Formation ................................................ 38 Bloyd Formation .............................................. 41 Atokan Series ........................................................... 42 Atoka Formation .............................................. 42 Desmoinesian Series .............................................. 45 Hartshorne Formation ................................... 46 McAlester Formation ..................................... 48 Warner Sandstone Member ........................ 50 Savanna Formation ...................................... 52 Spaniard Limestone Member .................... 53 Sam Creek Limestone Member .................. 58 Spiro Sandstone Member ........................ 61 Rowe Coal .................................................. 63 Doneley Limestone Member ...................... 64 Drywood Coal ................................................ 65 Boggy Form ation .............................................. 67 Bluejacket Sandstone Member ................ 69 Secor ? Coal ................................................ 72 Bluejacket Coal .......................................... 75 Inola Limestone Member ........................... 76 Taft Sandstone Member ............................. 79 Weir-Pittsburg ? Coal ............................. 82 Senora Formation ............................................ 82 Tebo Coal ....................................................... 85 Tiawah Limestone Member ........................ 86 Chelsea Sandstone Member ...................... 88 McNabb Limestone Member ......................... 90 Croweburg Coal ............................................ 92 Verdigris Limestone Member .................. 93 Lagonda Member ............................................ 96 Iron Post Coal ............................................ 99 Chapter Page Kinhison Shale Member ............................. 100 Bheezy^Hill Limestone Member ............. 100 E x c ^ ld Shale Member ............................... 103 Fort S^K^t Formation ................................... 103 Labette r^mation .......................................... 105 Calvin Fondation ............................................ 106 Wetumka Form ation .............. 106 Quaternary System ..................................\ ............... 108 Terrace Deposits ...............................v............. 109 Alluvial Deposits ................................................... I l l IV. STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY .................................................. 114 F a u lts ............................................................................... 114 Folds ................................................................. 122 J o in ts ............. 125 Pimple Mounds ................................................................ 125 V. HISTORICAL GEOLOGY ............................................................. 126 VI. ECONOMIC GEOLOGY ................................................................. 131 V II. SUMMARY..................................................................................... 138 REFERENCES ................................................................................................ 142 APPENDIX A. MEASURED SECTIONS ............................................................... 151 vi LIST OF PLATES Plate Page 1. Geologic Map of Wagoner County, Oklahoma .. In Pocket 2. Generalized Columnar Section ............................. In Pocket vii LIST OF TABLES Table Page 1. Average Mean Temperature in the City of Wagoner ..................................................................................... 16 2. Average Monthly Rainfall .......................................... 17 3. Fauna from the Spaniard Limestone ............................. 56 4. Fossils from the Sam Creek Limestone ....................... 61 5. Fauna from the Inola Limestone .................................... 78 6. Fauna from the Verdigris Limestone .......................... 96 7. Fauna from the Breezy Hill Limestone ...................... 102 viii LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Figure Page 1. Location Map of Wagoner County, Oklahoma .............. 2 2. Contrast in bedding characteristics of the Reeds Spring, below, and the Keokuk, above. Big Hollow Creek, sec. 2, T. 18 N., R. 19 E. ... 28 3. Bayou Manard member of the M oorefield formation. Cut on an abandoned railroad, center of the north side of sec. 2, T. 18 N ., R. 19 E ........................................................................ 28 4. Moorefield limestone. SE^ sec. 6, T. 18 N., R. 20 E ........................................................................ 39 5. Pitkin, Hale, Bloyd contact at the west end of Fort Gibson Dam. NE cor. sec. 13, T. 16 N., R. 19 E. Pitkin Hale contact at the break above the white sign. Bloyd-Hale contact at the top of the steep cliff .................... 39 6. Savanna formation exposed below the Blue­ jacket sandstone in the south bank of the Verdigris River. Center sec. 12, T. 17 N., R. 16 E. .................................... 54 7. Spaniard limestone. Center SE^ sec. 5, T, 16 N ,, R. 18 E. ..................... 54 8. Spaniard limestone in the bed of the Verdigris River. Center SW% sec. 5, T. 16 N ., R. 18 E ........................................................................ 60 ix Figure Page 9. A long crinoid stem in the Spaniard lime­ stone. Center SE^ sec. 5, T. 16 N., R. 18 E ........................................................................................... 60 10. Sam Creek limestone and the conglomeratic zone below it. The zone here contains brown chert pebbles. In the east bank of a creek, near the center of the north side of sec. 9, T. 16 N ., R. 17 E ................ 66 11. Base of the Bluejacket sandstone. Near the NW