View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Lincoln University Research Archive Green Globe 21 Kaikoura Community Benchmarking Pilot Study Jeska McNicol Landcare Research New Zealand Ltd [email protected] Michael Shone Environment, Society and Design Division, Lincoln University [email protected] Chrys Horn Landcare Research New Zealand Ltd [email protected] July 2001 ISSN 1175-5385 Tourism Recreation Research and Education Centre (TRREC) Report No. 53 Landcare Research New Zealand Ltd Lincoln University P O Box 40 P O Box 84 Lincoln 8152 Lincoln University Canterbury Canterbury © Lincoln University 2002 No part of this work covered by copyright may be reproduced or copied in any form or by any means (graphic, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping, information retrieval systems, or otherwise) without the written permission of the publisher or Tourism Industry Association of New Zealand Disclaimer The findings in this report are specific to this project. Landcare Research, Lincoln University, and other contributors accept no responsibility where information in the report is used for any other purpose, and will not be liable for any loss or damage suffered as a result of such other use. i Contents Contents .................................................................................................................................... iii List of Tables ..............................................................................................................................v Figures.........................................................................................................................................v Acknowledgements.................................................................................................................. vii Foreword....................................................................................................................................ix Summary....................................................................................................................................xi Chapter 1 Introduction ....................................................................................................1 1.1 Kaikoura District...................................................................................1 1.2 Objectives ..............................................................................................4 1.3 Background............................................................................................5 Chapter 2 Core Sustainability Benchmarking Indicators................................................7 2.1 Sustainability Policy..............................................................................7 2.2 Energy Consumption .............................................................................7 2.3 Greenhouse Gas (CO2) Production......................................................13 2.4 Air Quality...........................................................................................14 2.5 Water Consumption.............................................................................17 2.6 Solid Waste Production .......................................................................19 2.7 Resource Conservation........................................................................21 2.8 Biodiversity .........................................................................................24 2.9 Waterways Quality..............................................................................26 2.10 Travel and Tourism...........................................................................33 Chapter 3 Optional Community Selected Indicators.....................................................35 3.1 Renewable Energy Consumption ........................................................35 3.2 Renewable Energy Production............................................................36 3.3 Local Consumable Products ................................................................36 Chapter 4 Optional Community-Specified Indicator ....................................................39 4.1 Community-Specified Environmental Indicator .................................39 4.2 Community-Specified Social Indicator...............................................40 Chapter 5 Discussion.....................................................................................................43 5.1 Sustainability Policy............................................................................43 5.2 Energy Consumption ...........................................................................43 5.3 Greenhouse Gas Production................................................................44 5.4 Air Quality...........................................................................................44 5.5 Water Consumption.............................................................................45 5.6 Solid Waste Production .......................................................................45 5.7 Resource Conservation........................................................................46 5.8 Biodiversity .........................................................................................46 5.9 Waterways Quality..............................................................................47 iii 5.10 Travel and Tourism...........................................................................47 5.11 Community-Selected Indicator..........................................................48 5.12 Community-Specified Environmental Indicator ...............................48 5.13 Community-Specified Social Indicator.............................................49 5.14 Conclusions .......................................................................................53 Chapter 6 Recommendations ........................................................................................55 6.1 Sustainability Policy............................................................................55 6.2 Energy Consumption ...........................................................................55 6.3 Greenhouse Gas Production................................................................55 6.4 Air Quality...........................................................................................56 6.5 Water Consumption.............................................................................56 6.6 Solid Waste Production .......................................................................56 6.7 Resource Conservation........................................................................57 6.8 Biodiversity .........................................................................................57 6.9 Waterways Quality..............................................................................57 6.10 Travel and Tourism...........................................................................58 6.11 Optional Community Selected Indicator ...........................................58 6.12 Optional Community-specified Environmental Indicator .................59 6.13 Optional Community-Specified Social Indicator ..............................59 Chapter 7 Green Globe 21 Response ............................................................................61 List of Titles - Kaikoura............................................................................................................65 Appendix A Calculation of Person Years Per Annum in the Kaikoura District...............67 Appendix B The Energy Efficiency Conservation Authority’s (EECA) Energy-Wise Councils project......................................................................69 Appendix C Kaikoura District Council’s Sustainability Policy for Green Globe Community Benchmarking ..........................................................................71 Appendix D Tourism Strategy for the Kaikoura District..................................................73 Appendix E Locations of waterways quality test sites in the Kaikoura District ............111 Appendix F Vehicle Registration by vehicle and fuel type for the Kaikoura District (based on a Kaikoura postal code = 8280) .................................................115 iv List of Tables Table 1: Summary statistics for tourism in Kaikoura ............................................................4 Table 2: Energy consumption in the Kaikoura District........................................................12 Table 3: Greenhouse gas production (CO2) for the Kaikoura District.................................14 Table 4: Waste to landfill data from other regions (1998) compared with Kaikoura (2001) .....................................................................................................21 Table 5: Waterways quality test sites...................................................................................27 Table 6: River water quality findings...................................................................................29 Table 7: Groundwater quality findings ................................................................................30 Table 8: Beach (recreational) water quality findings...........................................................31 Table 9: Percentage of water quality samples passing water quality standards in various South Island TLAs .................................................................................................33