OSCE UNITED NATIONS NAVY NAVY UNITED STATES STATES UNITED INTERNATIONAL LAW LAW INTERNATIONAL MILITARY HUMANITARIAN RUSSIA Issue 1 (23), 2021 GENEVA CONVENTION ANNEXATION CRIMEANDEOCCUPATION TATARS UKRAINE OCCUPATION OCCUPATION CRIMEAN PLATFORMC R RIGHTS IHUMAN M E A BLACK SEA UA: Ukraine Analytica · 1 (23), 2021 • CRIMEAN PLATFORM • TEMPORARY OCCUPATION • INTERNATIONAL REACTION 1 BOARD OF ADVISERS Dr. Dimitar Bechev (Bulgaria, Director of the European Policy Institute) Issue 1 (23), 2021 Dr. Iulian Chifu Analysis and Early Warning Center) (Romania, Director of the Conflict Crimea Amb., Dr. Sergiy Korsunsky (Ukraine, Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentionary of Ukraine to Japan) Editors Dr. Igor Koval (Ukraine, Odesa City Council) Dr. Hanna Shelest Dr. Mykola Kapitonenko Marcel Röthig (Germany, Director of the Representation of the Friedrich Ebert Foundation in Ukraine) Publisher: Published by NGO “Promotion of Intercultural James Nixey (United Kingdom, Head of the Russia and Eurasia Programme at Chatham House, the Cooperation” (Ukraine), Centre of International Royal Institute of International Affairs) of the Representation of the Friedrich Ebert Studies (Ukraine), with the financial support (Slovakia, Ambassador Foundation in Ukraine, the Black Sea Trust. Dr. Róbert Ondrejcsák Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of Slovak Republic to the United Kingdom of Great Britain UA: Ukraine Analytica and Northern Ireland) analytical journal in English on International is the first Ukrainian Relations, Politics and Economics. The journal Amb., Dr. Oleg Shamshur (Ukraine, former is aimed for experts, diplomats, academics, Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary students interested in the international of Ukraine to France) relations and Ukraine in particular. Dr. Stephan De Spiegeleire (The Netherlands, Contacts: Director Defence Transformation at The Hague website: http://ukraine-analytica.org/ Center for Strategic Studies) e-mail: [email protected] Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/ Ivanna Klympush-Tsintsadze (Ukraine, ukraineanalytica Head of the Parliamentary Committee Twitter: https://twitter.com/UA_Analytica on European Integration) The views and opinions expressed in Dr. Dimitris Triantaphyllou (Greece, Director of articles are those of the authors and do not the Center for International and European Studies, Kadir Has University (Turkey)) Analytica, its editors, Board of Advisors or necessarily reflect the position of UA: Ukraine donors. Dr. Asle Toje (Norway, Vice Chair of the Nobel Committee, Research Director at the Norwegian ISSN 2518-7481 Nobel Institute) 500 copies UA: Ukraine Analytica · 1 (23), 2021 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS THE CRIMEAN PLATFORM WILL BECOME A FOREIGN POLICY INSTRUMENT OF THE DE-OCCUPATION STRATEGY 3 Interview with the First Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine Emine Dzhaparova THE HUMAN RIGHTS SITUATION IN THE TEMPORARILY OCCUPIED CRIMEA AND UKRAINE GOVERNMENT’S ACTIONS FOR SECURING TIES WITH UKRAINIAN CITIZENS RESIDING THERE 9 Anton Korynevych SHOULD WE FEEL LONELY? ASSESSING INTERNATIONAL SUPPORT OF UKRAINE REGARDING CRIMEA 15 Yar Batoh and Khrystyna Holynska WHY THE UNITED STATES SHOULD JOIN THE CRIMEAN PLATFORM? 26 Iryna Dudko and Vladyslav Faraponov DIPLOMATIC CONFRONTATION IN THE OSCE ON RUSSIA`S OCCUPATION AND MILITARISATION OF CRIMEA 35 Andrii Tkachuk and Volodymyr Prykhodko CIVIL SOCIETY IN OCCUPIED CRIMEA: A FIGHT FOR THE RIGHTS 43 Valeriia Skvortsova ADDRESSING RUSSIA’S OCCUPATION OF CRIMEA: FROM CONFLICT MANAGEMENT TO PEACEBUILDING 50 Maksym Bugriy MAKING THE CRIMEAN SANCTIONS WORK: WHAT UKRAINE AND THE WEST CAN DO TO INCREASE THE EFFICIENCY OF THE SANCTIONS REGIME 59 Yuliya Kazdobina THE BLACK SEA AND THE BALTIC SEA: TWO SEAS, ONE SECURITY CHALLENGE 68 Andrii Ryzhenko A CHANGE OR CONTINUATION OF THE STATUS QUO IN THE BLACK SEA REGION: THE CASE OF CRIMEA’S ANNEXATION 74 Mustafa Gökcan Kösen and Sabri Deniz Tığlı 2 UA: Ukraine Analytica · 1 (23), 2021 THE CRIMEAN PLATFORM WILL BECOME A FOREIGN POLICY INSTRUMENT OF THE DE-OCCUPATION STRATEGY Interview with the First Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine Emine Dzhaparova The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine has initiated the creation of the Crimean Platform, an idea that has been actively negotiated with partners. What is behind this idea? What is the future outlook of this platform? The idea to create the Crimean Platform Council of Ukraine is working on a came about in the process of addressing comprehensive de-occupation strategy. the consequences of Russia’s temporary We are focusing on updating the Ukrainian occupation of the peninsula. These legislation on sanctions, abolishing the consequences range from violations infamous law on the Crimean “free economic of human rights, in particular those of zone”, introducing a law on legal and social Ukrainians and Crimean Tatars, to mounting protection of persons illegally detained by militarisation, from environmental Russia, ensuring the rights and providing for the needs of internally displaced persons. Black and Azov Sea region. degradation to the stifling of trade in the Until now, these problems have been addressed on an ad hoc basis. Sanctions there is a need to elaborate were imposed in response to the so-called a long-term strategic vision “elections” in Crimea, militarisation, and «of the de-occupation of illegal detentions of Crimean Tatars and Crimea, both at the national level Ukrainians. The situation in Crimea is and in the international arena included in the agenda of international organisations, and relevant points have been included in adopted resolutions and documents. The Crimean Platform will become a foreign policy instrument of the de-occupation However, there is a need to elaborate a long- term strategic vision of the de-occupation of aimed at consolidating international efforts Crimea, both at the national level and in the andstrategy. achieving This flexiblesynergy international of intergovernmental, format is international arena. parliamentary, and expert levels. We have started to revamp our approach The ultimate goal of the platform is eventual to achieve the de-occupation of Crimea de-occupation of Crimea and its return to by peaceful means. The National Security Ukraine by peaceful means. UA: Ukraine Analytica · 1 (23), 2021 3 On the way to this main goal, we will focus Members of the Ukrainian parliament will engage on Crimean issues within areas: consolidating the non-recognition parliamentary assemblies of international policy;on the outstandingimproving problemsthe effectiveness in five priority of organisations and the existing bilateral sanctions and blocking ways of their cooperation groups. threats, including those to freedom of An international expert network will navigation;circumvention; protecting finding answersthe human to security rights perform two important tasks: They will and international humanitarian law; and provide aggregated data, recommendations, overcoming negative consequences for the and draft decisions for the political level economy and environment. of the platform and engage in expert diplomacy globally. I am glad that while the At the same time, we are working with creation of the network is underway, the national stakeholders on the issues of leading experts are already working on pilot domestic agenda that will form a solid basis projects. I am also happy to see UA: Ukraine for our foreign policy endeavours. Analytica already on board. The Crimean Platform serves as an instrument to ensure synergy of actors from Our task is to bring all these levels: governments, parliaments, international partners and expert community. We believe that «together to devise strategic common endeavours will ensure long-term responses to the challenges raised effectiveness of the non-recognition policy, by the occupation of Crimea consistency of the international community’s response to the occupation, and the eventual return of Crimea to Ukraine. The Crimean Platform is to be launched Why should the world care about during a summit on 23 August 2021 in Kyiv. Crimea? We expect our main international partners to participate in it at the highest political level. Our task is to reinstate the de-occupation of The president of Ukraine has invited over Crimea in the regional and global context. 100 foreign heads of state and government. First, it is in the interest of the international reiterate support to the territorial integrity community to remedy the situation in order ofWe Ukraineplan to adoptwithin a itsfinal internationallydocument to to restore the rules-based order and protect recognised borders, recognise threats the international law. emanating from the temporary occupation of Crimea and an overall aggressive policy Second, the temporary occupation of of Russia in the region and beyond, outline Crimea and the activities of the occupation international policy on Crimea, and formally authorities in and around the peninsula have establish the platform itself. already sent shockwaves to the entire region and beyond. One can talk for hours about the Ministers of foreign affairs will meet threats to the security and interests of states regularly, including at major international other than Ukraine. events in New York, Geneva, Vienna, etc. We also plan to establish an annual Security There are purely military threats and Forum for the Azov and Black Sea and the Eastern Mediterranean. There are threats to the freedom of justified nuclear non-proliferation concerns. 4 UA: Ukraine Analytica · 1 (23), 2021 navigation.