AN ESTIMATION OF THE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF VIOLENT VICTIMIZATION IN CANADA, 2009 Prepared by JOSH HODDENBAGH, MA TING ZHANG, PHD SUSAN MCDONALD, LLB, PHD Research and Statistics Division Department of Justice Government of Canada 2014 Information contained in this publication or product may be reproduced, in part or in whole, and by any means, for personal or public non-commercial purposes, without charge or further permission, unless otherwise specified. You are asked to: exercise due diligence in ensuring the accuracy of the materials reproduced; indicate both the complete title of the materials reproduced, as well as the author organization; and indicate that the reproduction is a copy of an official work that is published by the Government of Canada and that the reproduction has not been produced in affiliation with, or with the endorsement of the Government of Canada. Commercial reproduction and distribution is prohibited except with written permission from the Department of Justice Canada. For more information, please contact the Department of Justice Canada at: www.justice.gc.ca. ©Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, represented by the Minister of Justice and Attorney General of Canada, 2014 ISBN 978-1-100-23367-3 Cat. No. J4-34/2014E-PDF Table of Contents Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................. 1 Highlights ................................................................................................................................. 1 Executive Summary ................................................................................................................. 2 List of Acronyms ...................................................................................................................... 8 List of Charts and Text Boxes ................................................................................................ 8 Notes ......................................................................................................................................... 9 Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 11 Purpose ................................................................................................................................. 11 Definitions ............................................................................................................................. 12 Methodology ........................................................................................................................... 13 Sources of Economic Impacts ............................................................................................... 13 Geography ............................................................................................................................ 13 Time Period ........................................................................................................................... 14 Gender .................................................................................................................................. 14 Crime Categories .................................................................................................................. 14 Cost Categories .................................................................................................................... 18 Estimation methods ............................................................................................................... 28 Data Sources ........................................................................................................................ 28 Limitations ............................................................................................................................. 30 Valuation of Intangibles ......................................................................................................... 33 Results .................................................................................................................................... 35 Incident and Case Numbers .................................................................................................. 35 Costs ..................................................................................................................................... 42 Assault 52 Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 53 Results .................................................................................................................................... 53 A.J. Justice System Costs .................................................................................................... 57 A.J.1 Criminal Justice System Costs .................................................................................... 58 A.J.1.1 Police Costs........................................................................................................ 58 i An Estimation of the Economic Impact of Violent Victimization in Canada, 2009 A.J.1.2 Court Costs......................................................................................................... 59 A.J.1.3 Prosecution Costs .............................................................................................. 60 A.J.1.4 Legal Aid Costs .................................................................................................. 61 A.J.1.5 Corrections Costs ............................................................................................... 62 A.V. Victim Costs ................................................................................................................... 69 A.V.1 Medical Costs.............................................................................................................. 70 A.V.1.1 Initial Health Care Costs ..................................................................................... 70 A.V.1.2 Long-term Health Care Costs ............................................................................. 71 A.V.2 Lost Productivity .......................................................................................................... 73 A.V.2.1 Lost Current Income ........................................................................................... 73 A.V.2.2 Lost Household Services .................................................................................... 74 A.V.2.3 Lost Education .................................................................................................... 74 A.V.2.4 Lost Child Care Services .................................................................................... 75 A.V.2.5 Lost Future Income ............................................................................................. 75 A.V.3 Intangible Costs .......................................................................................................... 77 A.V.3.1 Pain and Suffering Costs .................................................................................... 77 A.V.4 Other Costs ................................................................................................................. 78 A.V.4.1 Stolen, Damaged, or Destroyed Property Costs ................................................. 78 A.T. Third-Party Costs ........................................................................................................... 79 A.T.1 Employer Losses ......................................................................................................... 80 A.T.1.1 Administration Costs ........................................................................................... 80 A.T.1.2 Lost Additional Output ........................................................................................ 80 A.T.2 Social Services Operating Costs ................................................................................. 81 A.T.2.1 Victim Services Costs ......................................................................................... 81 A.T.2.2 Crisis Line Costs ................................................................................................. 81 Criminal Harassment 83 Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 84 Results .................................................................................................................................... 85 C.J. Justice System Costs .................................................................................................... 88 C.J.1 Criminal Justice System Costs .................................................................................... 89 C.J.1.1 Police Costs........................................................................................................ 89 C.J.1.2 Court Costs......................................................................................................... 90 C.J.1.3 Prosecution Costs .............................................................................................. 90 ii An Estimation of the Economic Impact of Violent Victimization in Canada, 2009 C.J.1.4 Legal Aid Costs .................................................................................................. 91 C.J.1.5 Correction Costs ................................................................................................