s.no 54/^37 SCOTTISH HISTORY SOCIETY FIFTH SERIES VOLUME 11 Religious Controversy in Scotland Religious Controversy in Scotland 1625-1639 edited by David George Mullan ★ EDINBURGH printed for the Scottish History Society by LOTHIAN PRINT, EDINBURGH 1998 © Scottish History Society 1998 British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data: A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN 0-906245-20-6 Printed in Great Britain CONTENTS Preface vi Abbreviations viii INTRODUCTION 1 The Canterburian Movement ‘Historic of Church and State’, c.1646 21 James Wedderburn,‘On the Church of England and the Problem of Catholicity’, c. 1632 50 Liturgical Issues Samuel Rutherford and Thomas Sydserff, bishop of Galloway, ‘Ane discussing of some arguments against cannons and ceremonies in God’s worshipe’, 1636 82 [Robert Baillie,] ‘The Unreasonablenesse of the Service Book which is made for the Church of Scotland: An Answer unto the Preface of the Service Booke’, c.1638 100 The Perils of Caution WiUiam Spang to Henry Rollock, 1638 121 A Presbyterian Tide [David Calderwood,] ‘Motives and Causes of HumiHatioun’, c.1638 132 [Archibald Campbell of Glencarradale,] ‘Report of the Glasgow Assembly’, 1638 137 Robert Baillie,‘A Discourse anent Episcopacy’, 1638 149 ‘The Protestation with some Grievances and Complaints ... against Mr WilHam Wisheart, Parson of Restalrig and Minister at Leith’, 1639 192 Appendix:Womans Universe 204 Episcopalian Responses ‘A Reply to the Reasons for a Generali Assemblie', 1638 206 John Guthrie, bishop of Moray, ‘Life’, 1639 214 INDEX 224 vi PREFACE I have known some of these documents for a number of years. I first learned about the writings ofWedderburn and Guthrie and Baillie—if in fact the author of‘The Unreasonablenesse of the Service Book’—in January and February 1983 when I visited the repositories in which they reside while a postgraduate stu- dent at the University of Guelph writing a thesis about Scottish episcopacy.The others came within my field of vision in the mid-1990s during which period I spent many months in Edinburgh preparing my study on Scottish puritanism. As I completed this latter work I came to the conclusion that a collection of unpublished manuscripts might be of some use to other scholars in the field, and I am grateful to the Scottish Flistory Society for sharing my judgement. Staff at Edinburgh University Library, New College Library, the National Library of Scodand, Glasgow University Library, the National Archives of Scot- land, and the British Library made an enormous contribution to my work by their unfailing courtesy, often going beyond what one has a right to expect. Dr Jane Dawson of New College and Dr Hazel Horn of the National Archives of Scodand helped to identify the author of the report on the Glasgow Assembly, found in the Breadalbane Papers. Dr Horn and her colleague Ms Jane Brown answered paleographical questions. Dr Louise Yeoman at the National Library of Scodand gave generously of her time on more than one occasion to puzzle over handwriting or to give other advice flowing from her unrivalled knowl- edge of the Wodrow Manuscripts. Dr Maureen Meikle gave me a useful pointer in the NLS that helped with several identifications, and Dr David Shepherd helped me one morning in New College Library with a query concerning a Hebrew word. Professor David Stevenson located ‘ Woman s Universe’ and kindly brought it to my attention. Professor David Wright was most generous in help- ing me translate various patristic sources—saving me from many an error—and Dr Roger Collins translated a Latin phrase in ‘Historic of Church and State’. Professor Wright led me to the Rev. Angus Morrison who in turn led me to Professor Allan D. Fitzgerald, O.S.A., ofVillanova University who graciously supplied several references in the copious writings of Augustine. Dr Julian Goodare, series editor, gave good advice and generally helped to make this a better book. His colleague Dr John Finlay, another of the publication secretar- ies of the Scottish History Society, gave the proofs a final reading and his sharp eyes saved me from several blunders. All remaining errors and infelicities of transcription, translation, fact, and interpretation—a depressingly wide scope for human frailty, I fear—are attributable solely to myself. Documents found in the National Library of Scotland are published here with the permission of the Trustees of the National Library of Scotland. Those materials deposited in the National Archives of Scotland are published with the permission of the Keeper of the Records of Scodand. New College Library and Edinburgh University Library gave permission to publish materials found in their collections. I am grateful to all these and to the British Library for their general cooperation in the production of this volume. This volume is dedicated to the Institute for Advanced Studies in the Hu- manities, University of Edinburgh, in appreciation for three marvellous terms spent in residence (1995, 1996, 1998) under the then director Professor Peter Jones. D.G.M. 22 August 1999 Vlll ABBREVIATIONS Acts 16-20 Parliaments The Lawes and Acts of Parliament made be the most excellent and mightie King and Monarch James, since his Majesties xv Parliament 1597 to the xx Parlia- ment 1609 (Edinburgh, 1611). APS The Acts of the Parliaments of Scotland, 12 vols., eds.T. Thomson & C. Innes (Edinburgh, 1814- 72). AV The Bible, Authorised Version (1611). BUK Booke of the Universall Kirk of Scotland (Acts and Proceedings of the General Assemblies of the Kirk of Scotland), 3 vols., ed.T.Thomson (Bannatyne & Maitland Clubs, 1839-45). DCH David Calderwood, The History of the Kirk of Scotland, 8 vols., ed.T.Thomson (Wodrow Society, 1842-9). DNB Dictionary of National Biography (1885-1993). EUL Edinburgh University Library. FES H. Scott (ed.), Fasti Ecclesiae Scoticanae, 9 vols. (2nd edn., Edinburgh, 1915-61). GB The Geneva Bible, 1560. Lawes and Actes The Lawes and Actes of Parliament (Edinburgh, 1597). ix MSPB G. Donaldson, The Making of the Scottish Prayer Book of 1637 (Edinburgh, 1954). NAS National Archives of Scotland, Edinburgh (formerly Scottish Record Office). NC New College, Edinburgh. NLS National Library of Scotland, Edinburgh. OER HJ. Hillerbrand (ed.), Oxford Encyclopedia of the Reformation, 4 vols. (New York, 1996). PG Patrologiae Cursus Completus, Series Graeca, 161 vols. in 166, ed. J.-P. Migne (Paris, 1857-66). PL Patrologiae Cursus Completus, Series Latina, 221 vols., ed. J.-P. Migne (Paris, 1844-55). RBLJ Robert Baillie, Letters and Journals, 3 vols., ed. D. Laing (Bannatyne Club, 1841-2). RKS Records of the Kirk of Scotland, ed. A. Peterkin (Edinburgh, 1838). RPC, 2nd ser. Register of the Privy Council of Scotland, 2nd ser., 8 vols. (Edinburgh, 1899-1908). STC A Short-Title Catalogue, 1475-1640, 2nd edn., eds.W. A. Jackson et ai, 3 vols. (London, 1976- 91). X INTRODUCTION But the truth is, As with the Jesuite he is an Heretick, that is not furioso more a Roman- Catholick: so with the Puritan he is a Papist, that will not runne a-madding with them. It is not the first time, for this very cause, I have beene talked of, esteemed of traduced as a Papist: which I can the better brooke, because they have meted this measure to the Church of England it selfe, as sympathizing with Papists in her Liturgie, Disciphne, and Doctrine too. It were to be wished, that such transported spirits were taught to be more submisse and sparing in their talk. I call God and all his holy Angels to wimesse, I nor am, nor have beene, nor intend to be hereafter, eyther Papist, or Romish Catholick; a Papist of State, or of Religion; but a Priest, a member, a follower of the Church, and Doctrine of the Church of England. —Richard Montagu, Appello Caesarem (London, 1625), 110-11. It is sufficiently known, what pains we take in disputing and writing against Papists, in confining their errours in our pulpits, in leading processe against them, according to the order of the Church, and in doing all things against Romish errours, which can be expected fiom the most zealous Professours of the Truth.... we have pried as narrowly into the mys- teries of Romish errours, for refutation of them, as any of those who impiously, and un- charitably traduce us, as favourers ofPoperie. —[Aberdeen Doctors,] Generali Demands concerning the Late Covenant ([Edinburgh,] 1638), 29. The most volatile idea at work in Scotland during the 1630s was the fear of popery. If it did not single-handedly make the revolution of 1638, it was never- theless the sine qua non—for it provided a lightning rod which aristocratic dis- content could never have done in arousing the passions of an articulate and committed presbyterian clergy. It allowed those ministers to tap into a tradition reaching back to John Knox to mobilise the country in pursuit of goals which, I have argued elsewhere, were not necessarily internally consistent nor always compatible with those sought by even religiously conformist nobles. The same kinds of theological concerns were present in England, and had been for decades. Scottish Protestantism was not a hermetically-sealed unit which rose and fell in isolation from the rest of the world. Scotland shared in a British religious culture which expanded across the Atlantic and shared strong Unkages with the Continent. This is to say that, generally speaking, what Scotland expe- rienced in religious terms up to about 1640 (and beyond, but I refer here only to 2 RELIGIOUS CONTROVERSY IN SCOTLAND the period covered by this book) can in great part be found in abundance in England. One must be more cautious about reversing the equation because England’s rehgious landscape had a much broader extent on the ‘left’—Scodand did not produce exile communities in the Netherlands led by people like Francis Johnson, John Smyth, Thomas Helwys, or John Robinson, and when quakers and baptists and independents appeared in Scotland in the 1650s, their progeni- tors and many of their followers spoke with English accents.When Robert Brown turned up in Edinburgh in 1584 the kirk received him coldly,1 and even the more radical Scottish presbyterians despised the name of Brownist.