January 17, 2013 OpenWRT #1 Aphirak Jansang, D.Eng. http://www.cpe.ku.ac.th/~aphirak IWING Lab, Department of Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kasetsart University 1 01204428 Wireless Embedded Systems Outline Linksys WRT54GL OpenWRT firmware Cross-compiling software for OpenWRT 2 01204428 Wireless Embedded Systems Linksys WRT54G series Wireless Residual gateway from Linksys First release in December 2002 Support IEEE 802.11b/g: Wireless LANs Ethernet 802.3: Internet and LANs 3 01204428 Wireless Embedded Systems WRT54GL Released in 2005 To support third-party firmware based on Linux operating system Version CPU RAM Flash Memory S/N Prefix 1.0 Broadcom 16 MB 4 MB CL7A BCM5352 @ 200 MHz 1.1 Broadcom 16 MB 4 MB CL7B BCM5352 @ CL7C 200 MHz CF7C 4 01204428 Wireless Embedded Systems WRT54GL http://home.cisco.com/en-apac/products/routers/WRT54GL 5 01204428 Wireless Embedded Systems Stock Firmware original firmware, pre-installed from factory including basic features and non-void device warrantee For WRT54GL http://homesupport.cisco.com/en-apac/support/routers/WRT54GL 6 01204428 Wireless Embedded Systems Firmware Release Notes Firmware history details: fixing bugs, new features, new supported devices, … e.g. WRT54GL 7 01204428 Wireless Embedded Systems Custom Firmware modified firmware code from the original firmware adding more applications/services removing unnecessary applications/services tuning the firmware parameters to work more effective adding support for new devices fixing the old bugs … CyanogenMod is an aftermarket firmware for a number of cell phones based on the open-source Android operating system. It offers features not found in the official Android based firmwares of vendors of these cell phones. 8 01204428 Wireless Embedded Systems Third-party firmware for WRT54GL OpenWRT based firmware Coova – OpenWrt based with focus on Wireless Hotspot functionality. Freifunk – OpenWrt-based, German software supports wireless mesh networks with OLSR and B.A.T.M.A.N. DD-WRT – Based on OpenWrt code. Paid and free versions available. USE IT AT YOUR OWN RISK! HyperWRT based firmware Tomato – advanced QoS TomatoUSB – based on Tomato; adds support to newer routers HyperWRT Thibor – based on stock WRT54GS firmware http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_wireless_router_firmware_projects 9 01204428 Wireless Embedded Systems Outline Linksys WRT54GL OpenWRT Cross-compiling software for OpenWRT 10 01204428 Wireless Embedded Systems OpenWRT http://www.openwrt.org Based on Linux kernel Free and open source, licensed under GPL Easy and free access Community driven 11 01204428 Wireless Embedded Systems OpenWRT Project Tweetster Twitter display ASUS Wireless Router WL-520-GU Sparkfun serial LCD http://www.slashgear.com/tweetster-twitter-display-2750394/ 12 01204428 Wireless Embedded Systems OpenWRT Project WiFi Robot Network camera WRT54GL Controller Batteries http://www.jbprojects.net/projects/wifirobot/ 13 01204428 Wireless Embedded Systems OpenWRT Project LinkMeter Heatmeter WRT54GL http://tvwbb.com/showthread.php?22136-LinkMeter-v2-Homebrew-BBQ-Controller-Part-1 14 01204428 Wireless Embedded Systems OpenWRT Project RASS: RFID Access control with Air Support IWING Lab, CPE, KU http://iwing.cpe.ku.ac.th/th/node/414 15 01204428 Wireless Embedded Systems OpenWRT Project CATs: Class Attendance System with Real-time Report via WLAN IWING Lab, CPE, KU http://iwing.cpe.ku.ac.th/en/node/415 16 01204428 Wireless Embedded Systems OpenWRT basic Supported devices Supported platform Firmware version 17 01204428 Wireless Embedded Systems OpenWRT supported devices Supported devices are listed in Table of Hardware (ToH) http://wiki.openwrt.org/toh/start 18 01204428 Wireless Embedded Systems OpenWRT supported platform https://dev.openwrt.org/wiki/platforms 19 01204428 Wireless Embedded Systems WRT54GL Information of WRT54GL on OpenWRT website http://wiki.openwrt.org/toh/linksys/wrt54g 20 01204428 Wireless Embedded Systems WRT54GL Board http://wiki.openwrt.org/toh/linksys/wrt54g Serial port: ttyS0, ttyS1 21 01204428 Wireless Embedded Systems WRT54GL Dual Serial Port and SD Card Mods Modification details http://www.jbprojects.net/articles/wrt54gl_mods/ 22 01204428 Wireless Embedded Systems WRT54GL Internal Architecture 23 01204428 Wireless Embedded Systems OpenWRT basic Supported devices Supported platform Firmware version 24 01204428 Wireless Embedded Systems Firmware version http://wiki.openwrt.org/about/history Current stable version: Backfire 10.03.1 25 01204428 Wireless Embedded Systems OpenWRT development history 26 01204428 Wireless Embedded Systems Pre-compiled OpenWRT firmware http://downloads.openwrt.org/ 27 01204428 Wireless Embedded Systems http://downloads.openwrt.org/backfire/10.03.1/ 28 01204428 Wireless Embedded Systems MIPs emulator QEMU (short for "Quick EMUlator") a generic and open source machine emulator and virtualizer Support platform x86 x86_64 embedded PowerPC S390 29 01204428 Wireless Embedded Systems OpenWRT on QEMU PC, x86/x86_64 Ubuntu QEMU MIPS OpenWRT 30 01204428 Wireless Embedded Systems OpenWRT image for QEMU Must compile firmware with the following detail platform: malta MIPS Malta CoreLV board (qemu) https://dev.openwrt.org/browser/trunk/target/linux/malta/README 31 01204428 Wireless Embedded Systems Running OpenWRT in QEMU Installing QEMU package sudo aptitude install qemu-kvm-extras -y Running OpenWRT image (openwrt-*-vmlinux.elf) qemu- system-mips -kernel bin/malta/openwrt-malta-be-vmlinux.elf -nographic -m 64 Getting IP address udhcpc -i br-lan Copy file from outside to /tmp scp userid@my-outside-server-ip:/tmp/test.img /tmp To quite QEMU CTRL+A c, then type quit http://fosiao.com/content/running-openwrt-under-qemu 32 01204428 Wireless Embedded Systems OpenWRT Configuration Unified Configuration Interface (UCI) Location of configuration file: /etc/config How to configure OpenWRT, please refer to http://wiki.openwrt.org/doc/uci OpenWRT PacKaGe (OPKG) an ipkg fork similar to apt-get, aptitude, pacman, yum tutorial for opkg usage: http://wiki.openwrt.org/doc/techref/opkg 33 01204428 Wireless Embedded Systems Outline Linksys WRT54gl OpenWRT Cross-compiling software for OpenWRT 34 01204428 Wireless Embedded Systems Why we need Cross-compile? required program does not including in software repository no a binary program compiled for your CPU 35 01204428 Wireless Embedded Systems Cross-compiling concept Host VS. Target the computer the compiler runs on is called the host the computer the new programs run on is called the target Native Compiler VS. Cross Compiler the host and target are the same type of machine: native compiler the host and target are different: cross compiler http://people.mech.kuleuven.be/~mklotzbucher/ecs-assignments/ecs.html 36 01204428 Wireless Embedded Systems Uses of cross compilers embedded computers where a device has extremely limited resources compiling for multiple machines compiling on a server farm bootstrapping to a new platform 37 01204428 Wireless Embedded Systems Cross-compiler for OpenWRT SDK (Software Development Kit) set of programs to build software package Toolchain set of programming tools that are used to create a binary program may be used in a chain http://xathrya.web.id/blog/2012/10/22/beginning-c-the-language-compiler-code-structure/ 38 01204428 Wireless Embedded Systems Cross-compiling process Preparing HOST system Compiling code for target platform (On HOST machine) Transferring binary file to target platform 39 01204428 Wireless Embedded Systems How to get SDK? Based on OpenWRT Download from http://downloads.openwrt.org http://downloads.openwrt.org/<openwrt_name>/<version>/<platform> For backfire, openwrt_name: backfire Version: 10.03.1 platform: ar71xx/ http://http://downloads.openwrt.org/backfire/10.03.1/ar71xx/ 40 01204428 Wireless Embedded Systems Setup HOST Toolchain for Cross-compilation create directory for toolchain (e.g. ~/toolchain) mkdir ~/toolchain cd ~/toolchain download SDK for your target platform (e.g. backfire, ar71xx) wget http://downloads.openwrt.org/backfire/10.03.1/ar71xx/OpenWrt -SDK-ar71xx-for-Linux-i686-gcc-4.3.3%2bcs_uClibc-0.9.30.1.tar.bz2 extract file OpenWrt-SDK-ar71xx-for-Linux-i686-gcc-4.3.3%2bcs_uClibc-0.9.30.1.tar.bz2 tar jxvf OpenWrt-SDK-ar71xx-for-Linux-i686-gcc-4.3.3%2bcs_uClibc-0.9.30.1.tar.bz2 41 01204428 Wireless Embedded Systems Setup HOST Toolchain for Cross-compilation locate the toolchain binaries in staging_dir/toolchain-architecture_gcc-compilerver_uClibc-libcver/usr/bin/ add the toolchain directory to the PATH variable PATH=$PATH:(your toolchain directory here) export PATH set the STAGING_DIR environment variable STAGING_DIR=(your staging directory here) export STAGING_DIR 42 01204428 Wireless Embedded Systems Cross-compiling process Preparing HOST system Compiling code for target platform (On HOST machine) Transferring binary file to target platform 43 01204428 Wireless Embedded Systems Compiling code for target platform (On HOST machine) On HOST machine, create file: hello.c #include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> #include <stdlib.h> int main (int argc, char **argv) { printf(”Hello World!”); return 0; } Cross compiling: hello.c mips-openwrt-linux-gcc hello.c –o hello Check file type of hello file hello hello: ELF 32-bit MSB executable, MIPS, MIPS32 rel2 version 1 44 01204428 Wireless Embedded Systems Cross-compiling process Preparing HOST system Compiling code for target platform (On