2817cifc.qxd 11/21/00 1:48 PM Page 1 BECOME A MASTER BY LEARNING • to tell the differences among many Unix variants • to tell the difference between Free Software and commercial software • the history of Unix, the Free Software Foundation, and other community projects • the basics of Unix, including simple commands and utilities • to create complex commands using Unix shell syntax • to use and configure the Unix graphical user environment • to automate routine tasks using the Bourne Again SHell (BASH) scripting language • to use Unix's built-in utilities to schedule jobs for automatic execution • to create a functional network using Unix's native networking tools • to integrate Windows and Macintosh computers into your Unix network • to understand the basics of network security • to provide service to users and allow them to use your network • to identify, obtain, install, and manage Unix software • to configure and administer various internet servers including WWW, Usenet News, and email • to use dozens of useful Unix terms and commands 2817cfm.qxd 11/20/00 10:03 AM Page i Mastering Unix This page intentionally left blank 2817cfm.qxd 11/20/00 10:03 AM Page iii MasteringTM Unix Kate Wrightson and Joe Merlino San Francisco • London • Paris • Düsseldorf • Soest 2817cfm.qxd 11/20/00 10:03 AM Page iv Associate Publisher: Dick Staron Screen reproductions produced with FullShot 99. FullShot 99 © Contracts and Licensing Manager: Kristine O’Callaghan 1991–1999 Inbit Incorporated. All rights reserved. FullShot is a Acquisitions and Developmental Editor: Diane Lowery trademark of Inbit Incorporated. Editor: Ronn Jost Production Editor: Lorrie Fink Netscape Communications Corporation has not authorized, Technical Editor: Patrick Ramseier sponsored, endorsed, or approved this publication and is not Book Designer: Kris Warrenburg responsible for its content. Netscape and the Netscape Communi- Graphic Illustrator: Richard Whitaker/Seventeenth Street Studios cations Corporate Logos are trademarks and trade names of Electronic Publishing Specialist: Seventeenth Street Studios Netscape Communications Corporation. All other product names Proofreader: Kevin Stoffel/Seventeenth Street Studios and/or logos are trademarks of their respective owners. Indexer: Nancy Guenther CD Technician: Keith McNeil TRADEMARKS: SYBEX has attempted throughout this book to CD Coordinator: Kara Eve Schwartz distinguish proprietary trademarks from descriptive terms by fol- Cover Designer: Design Site lowing the capitalization style used by the manufacturer. Cover Illustrator: Jack D. Myers The author and publisher have made their best efforts to prepare Copyright © 2001 SYBEX Inc., 1151 Marina Village Parkway, this book, and the content is based upon final release software Alameda, CA 94501. World rights reserved. No part of this pub- whenever possible. Portions of the manuscript may be based upon lication may be stored in a retrieval system, transmitted, or pre-release versions supplied by software manufacturer(s). The reproduced in any way, including but not limited to photocopy, author and the publisher make no representation or warranties of photograph, magnetic, or other record, without the prior agree- any kind with regard to the completeness or accuracy of the con- ment and written permission of the publisher. tents herein and accept no liability of any kind including but not limited to performance, merchantability, fitness for any particular Library of Congress Card Number: 00-106460 purpose, or any losses or damages of any kind caused or alleged to be caused directly or indirectly from this book. ISBN: 0-7821-2817-3 Manufactured in the United States of America SYBEX and the SYBEX logo are either registered trademarks or trademarks of SYBEX Inc. in the United States and/or other 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 countries. Mastering is a trademark of SYBEX Inc. 2817cfm.qxd 11/20/00 10:03 AM Page v Software License Agreement: Terms and Conditions enclosed herein or posted to www.sybex.com. If you discover a defect in the media during this warranty period, you may obtain The media and/or any online materials accompanying this book a replacement of identical format at no charge by sending the that are available now or in the future contain programs and/or defective media, postage prepaid, with proof of purchase to: text files (the “Software”) to be used in connection with the book. SYBEX hereby grants to you a license to use the Software, subject SYBEX Inc. to the terms that follow. Your purchase, acceptance, or use of the Customer Service Department Software will constitute your acceptance of such terms. 1151 Marina Village Parkway Alameda, CA 94501 The Software compilation is the property of SYBEX unless oth- (510) 523-8233 erwise indicated and is protected by copyright to SYBEX or Fax: (510) 523-2373 other copyright owner(s) as indicated in the media files (the e-mail: [email protected] “Owner(s)”). 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Please observe the support for the Software, nor is it liable or responsible for any sup- requirements stated in appropriate files. port provided, or not provided, by the Owner(s). Copy Protection Warranty The Software in whole or in part may or may not be copy- SYBEX warrants the enclosed media to be free of physical defects protected or encrypted. However, in all cases, reselling or redis- for a period of ninety (90) days after purchase. The Software is tributing these files without authorization is expressly forbid- not available from SYBEX in any other form or media than that den except as specifically provided for by the Owner(s) therein. This page intentionally left blank 2817cfm.qxd 11/20/00 10:03 AM Page vii For TW, whose world was a different one but who was proud of us anyway 2817cfm.qxd 11/20/00 10:03 AM Page viii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS A large group of people worked to bring this book to you. Although Joe and Kate get their names on the cover, there are many other folks whose hard work and effort made this book possible. We appreciate their diligence and patience with us over a long and bumpy period of time. We’re especially grateful to Sybex and Seventeenth Street Studios for their understanding; during the last part of this book’s writing, Kate’s father died unexpectedly. Our team accommodated our transcontinental travels and made finishing the project as easy as possible under the circumstances. In addition to the people whose names follow, we’d like to thank our agent, David Fugate, and Waterside Productions. David and the Waterside team keep us going and keep us working, and we love being part of their team.