Grade Student8 Unit 1 Workbook Exploring Early Earth Grade 8 Unit 1 Teacher’s Companion Exploring Early Earth Version 1.0 Copyright © 2019 by Green Ninja Inc. All rights reserved. This license allows teachers to remix, tweak, and build upon this content non-commercially, under the condition that credit is given to Green Ninja and as long as any new creations are also covered under this same Creative Commons license. License Deed: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ Legal Code: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/legalcode Printed in the United States of America First Printing, 2019 ISBN: 978-1-948845-42-7 Green Ninja Inc. 421 Loreto Street Mountain View, CA 94041 https://greenninja.org Table of Contents Lesson Files Lesson 1.2 Planet Earth: The Blue Marble Files ..................................................................................................................................... 1 Lesson 1.4 Fly Away Earth? Part I Files....................................................................................................................................................3 Lesson 1.6 Fly Away Earth? Part III Files ................................................................................................................................................. 7 Lesson 1.7 Different Atmospheres Part I Files ....................................................................................................................................... 9 Lesson 1.9 Deep Time: How Old Is Earth? Part I Files ......................................................................................................................13 Lesson 1.10 Deep Time: How Old is Earth? Part II Files ...................................................................................................................17 Lesson 1.11 Deep Time: How Old Is Earth? Part III Files ..................................................................................................................23 Lesson 1.12 Layers of Time Files ..............................................................................................................................................................29 Lesson 1.13 Sediment Core Story Part I Files ......................................................................................................................................35 Lesson 1.14 Sediment Core Story Part II Files .....................................................................................................................................39 Lesson 1.16 Laws of Motion and Collisions Part II Files ...................................................................................................................43 Lesson 1.17 Laws of Motion and Collisions Part III Files ..................................................................................................................45 Lesson 1.18 Introduction to Scientific Programming Part I Files ...................................................................................................49 Lesson 1.19 Introduction to Scientific Programming Part II Files ..................................................................................................53 Lesson 1.20 Introduction to Scientific Programming Part II Files ..................................................................................................54 Lesson 1.21 Anthropocene: A New Epoch? Files ................................................................................................................................55 Lesson 1.22 Earth Through the Ages: Introduction Files ..................................................................................................................59 Lesson 1.23 Earth Through the Ages: Visual Representations Files ...........................................................................................61 Lesson 1.24 Earth Through the Ages: Coding Part I Files ...............................................................................................................63 Lesson 1.29 Green Ninjas Rock! Files ......................................................................................................................................................65 Name __________________________________ Class ___________ Date _______________ The Blue Marble Pre-Assessment Answer the questions in the space provided. Do your best to answer each question as thoroughly as possible. It’s okay if you do not know all of the answers! 1. Draw a diagram of our Solar System. Be as detailed as possible, and include labels. 2. What is gravity? Give some examples of the effect of gravity. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ Lesson 1.2-a-blue-marble-pre-assessment Copyright © 2018 1 1 3. Study the diagram below, depicting different layers of rock in a section of the Earth. Which of the layers is oldest and which is youngest? Explain your reasoning. ______________________________________ ______________________________________ ______________________________________ ______________________________________ ______________________________________ ______________________________________ ______________________________________ 4. Describe what you know about meteor impacts. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 5. Throughout this unit, you will be developing models and using computational programming to create and analyze those models. Use some of the commands inside the blocks to solve the problem given. move if __________ then when “start” is clicked when __________ key pressed repeat say __________ for ____secs hide stop change forever Problem: You are trying to create a Ping-Pong video game. Write the instructions/ commands to make the game: 1) start and 2) to stop every time the ball goes out of bounds (out of a particular area). ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ Lesson 1.2-a-blue-marble-pre-assessment Copyright © 2018 2 2 Name _________________________________ Class _____________ Date _______________ Non-Contact Forces Demonstrations: Instructions A. Gravity Demonstration Procedure: 1. Tie one end of a piece of string, 10-12 inches (25-30 cm) long to a paperclip and the other end of the string to a pencil. Be sure the string is securely tied so it does not slide around on the pencil. 2. Lift the pencil so that the paperclip is suspended above your work area. Draw a diagram of your pencil and the paperclip in the data table below. 3. Change the angle of the pencil two different times, each time making sure that the paperclip is suspended above your work area. Record your observations in the data table below. Observations: Position (Angle) 1 Position (Angle) 2 Position (Angle) 3 Analysis: 1. For each of the positions, does the orientation of the paperclip change with respect to the Earth’s surface? Explain your answer. 2. What force is at work? Lesson 1.4-a-non-contact-forces-demonstrations-instructions 3 B. An Attractive Force Procedure: 1. Place the string, paperclip, and pencil on your workstation so that the string is loose, not taut. Move a magnet near the paperclip. Describe what happens in the space below. 2. Put two or three magnets together, and repeat step one. Describe any differences you noticed. C. Opposing Forces Procedure: 1. Using the same string, paperclip, and pencil setup, tape the pencil to your work surface. (Do not tape over where the string is tied.) 2. Take a magnet and move it near the paperclip. Raise the magnet and paperclip up over the pencil so that the string is taut. 3. Very slowly, lift the magnet a little higher until there is space between the magnet and the paperclip so that the paperclip is “floating.” Draw a diagram, and write an explanation of what is taking place. 4. Repeat step 2 above. This time slowly raise the magnet away from the paperclip, and keep lifting the magnet. What happens? Record your observations along with an explanation. Lesson 1.4-a-non-contact-forces-demonstrations-instructions 4 D. An Invisible Field 1. Using the same string, paperclip, and pencil, securely tape the pencil to a stack of books, blocks, or other objects you have available. 2. Place a ruler below the suspended paperclip. Adjust the length of the string or adjust the number of stacking items so that the end of the paperclip is barely touching the surface of the ruler. Move the ruler so that the paperclip is near the “0” end of the ruler and tape the ruler in place. 3. Move a magnet near the paperclip so that the paperclip “sticks” to the magnet. 4. Slowly pull the magnet back along the ruler until the paperclip just starts to separate from the magnet. Record the distance on the ruler in the Starting Point box in the data table below. 5. Continue