american academy of arts & sciences winter 2009 Bulletin vol. lxii, no. 2 Page 35 Challenges to Public Universities Robert J. Birgeneau, Mark G. Yudof, and Christopher F. Edley, Jr. Page 44 Judicial Independence Sandra Day O’Connor, Linda Greenhouse, Judith Resnik, Bert Brandenburg, and Viet D. Dinh Page 59 The Invisible Constitution and the Rule of Law Diane P. Wood, Laurence H. Tribe, Frank H. Easterbrook, and Geoffrey R. Stone Page 77 A World Free of Nuclear Weapons Sidney D. Drell, William J. Perry, Sam Nunn, and George P. Shultz inside: Academy Inducts 228th Class of Members, Page 1 Humanities Indicators Prototype Launched, Page 3 The Nuclear Future by Richard A. Meserve, Robert Rosner, Scott D. Sagan, and Steven E. Miller, Page 71 Reflections: Three Moles by Paul A. Samuelson, Page 83 1 Bulletin of the American Academy Winter 2009 Calendar of Events Monday, Thursday, March 9, 2009 April 16, 2009 Stated Meeting–Washington, DC Stated Meeting– Cambridge Contents The Public Good: The Humanities in a An Evening of Chamber Music Civil Society News Performance: The Arron Chamber Ensemble Speakers: David Souter, United States Academy Inducts 228th Class of Supreme Court; Don Michael Randel, Location: House of the Academy Members 1 The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation; Patty Time: 6:00 p.m. Humanities Indicators Prototype Stonesifer, The Bill and Melinda Gates Launched 3 Foundation/Smithsonian Institution; Edward L. Ayers, University of Richmond Wednesday, Scholar-Patriot Award 5 May 13, 2009 Rumford Prize 6 Location: The George Washington University Stated Meeting–Cambridge Induction Ceremony: Challenges Facing a Global Society 12 Time: 5:00 p.m. What Is Missing in Medical Thinking? Projects and Studies 19 Speaker: Jerome Groopman, Harvard Wednesday, Medical School/Beth Israel Deaconess Fellowship Programs 32 March 11, 2009 Medical Center Stated Meeting–Cambridge Location: House of the Academy Academy Meetings Nanotechnology: Novel Applications Time: 6:00 p.m. Challenges to Public Universities 35 Speakers: Robert Langer, Massachusetts Robert J. Birgeneau, Mark G. Institute of Technology; Angela Belcher, Yudof, and Christopher F. Edley, Jr. Massachusetts Institute of Technology; For information and reservations, contact the Events Of½ce (phone: 617-576-5032; email: Judicial Independence Evelyn Hu, Harvard University 44 [email protected]). Sandra Day O’Connor, Linda Green- Location: House of the Academy house, Judith Resnik, Bert Branden- burg, and Viet D. Dinh Time: 6:00 p.m. The Invisible Constitution 59 and the Rule of Law Diane P. Wood, Laurence H. Tribe, Frank H. Easterbrook, and Geoffrey R. Stone The Nuclear Future 71 Richard A. Meserve, Robert Rosner, Scott D. Sagan, and Steven E. Miller A World Free of Nuclear Weapons 77 Sidney D. Drell, William J. Perry, Sam Nunn, and George P. Shultz Reflections: Three Moles 83 Paul A. Samuelson Noteworthy 85 From the Archives 88 american academy of arts & sciences 2 Bulletin of the American Academy Winter 2009 Academy News Academy Inducts 228th Class of Members On October 11, 2008, more than 500 guests attended the Acad- emy’s 228th Induction Ceremony. The event celebrated the accom- plishments of the Academy’s 212 new members, who come from 20 states and 15 countries. Drawn from science, the arts and humani- ties, business, public affairs, and the nonpro½t sector, the class rep- resents 50 universities and more than a dozen corporations. The Ceremony was preceded by a morning brie½ng, where new mem- bers learned about the Academy’s research projects and their influ- ence on public policy. Chief Executive Of½cer Leslie Berlowitz de- scribed the Academy’s long history of promoting useful knowledge and anticipating emerging issues before their importance is widely recognized. Several leaders of Academy projects described their work on a wide range of issues, including the federal funding of science; the global nuclear future; America’s competing research, commercial, and mil- itary interests in space; the effects of corruption on an international scale; and U.S. policy toward Russia. The program also included Harvard economics professor Susan Athey discussed the role of presentations of studies on the impact of mass incarceration; the search advertising platforms in the future of the economy. Repre- independence of the judiciary; communicating the role of the hu- senting the humanities, Emory University Provost, Executive Vice manities and culture; educating the world’s children; and security President for Academic Affairs, and professor of history and African on the Internet. Throughout the morning, speakers expressed grati- American Studies Earl Lewis described how storytelling shapes our tude and pride in the Academy’s capacity to bring fresh perspectives knowledge of the human experience. “The stories we tell, the stories to seemingly intractable problems. Speaking about the Humanities we listen to, mark the humanities and the humanist interest in a Indicators Project, which is securing data on the humanities, Francis lived experience. We are reminded that in stories we ½nd answers Oakley, President Emeritus of Williams College, declared, “All to what makes us who we are.” praise to the Academy not simply for taking the initiative on this project but also for demonstrating the tenacity needed to bring it The de½nition of a “good company” was explored by Indra Nooyi, to this preliminary conclusion.” Chairman and Chief Executive Of½cer of PepsiCo. “What is the en- during achievement of business?” she asked. Her answer was that President of the Academy Emilio Bizzi opened the formal Induction “companies must redeem a moral promise as well as yield a return Ceremony by recalling the Academy’s founding in the midst of the on capital.” They must recognize the inevitable link between busi- American Revolution and its role in bringing together scholars, civil ness and society and combine what is good ethically with what is leaders, merchants, and farmers to help shape the new nation. At the good commercially. Induction Ceremony, Chair of the Academy Trust and Vice President Louis W. Cabot announced Senator Edward M. Kennedy of Massa- Together the speakers captured the promise of the Academy to com- chusetts as the recipient of the Academy’s Scholar-Patriot Award in bine thoughtful analysis with determined action. recognition of his tireless advocacy on behalf of health care, educa- tion, science, and learning (see page 5 for the award citation). At a symposium on Sunday following the Induction Ceremony, nine distinguished scientists and policy experts discussed the conse- New Fellows representing the ½ve classes of Academy membership quences of the growing reliance on nuclear power. The program touched on the opportunities and challenges of their work and its featured panel presentations by Richard A. Meserve (Carnegie broader implications for society. James Simons, President and Found- Institution for Science), Robert Rosner (Argonne National Labora- er of Renaissance Technologies, described his love of mathematics tory), Richard Lester (Massachusetts Institute of Technology), with its complex vocabulary. Peter S. Kim, President of Merck Re- Scott Sagan (Stanford University), and Steven Miller (Harvard search Laboratories, discussed his role in the search for an hiv vac- University). Sagan and Miller codirect the Academy’s Global Nuclear cine, using it to illustrate the frustration and hope inherent in bi0- Future project, which is generating a set of policy recommendations medical research. Bulletin of the American Academy Winter 2009 1 Academy News to ensure that the demand for civilian nu- clear power does not result in a correspon- New Fellows Reflect on Membership in the Academy ding increase in nuclear proliferation (see pages 71–76 for the speakers’ remarks). New members arrived at the House of the Academy in a state of anticipation, As part of the symposium, the Academy awaiting the morning orientation. Many vividly described the moment that news awarded the Rumford Prize, one of the na- of their election arrived: the flurry of congratulatory phone calls and emails from tion’s oldest scienti½c awards, to Sidney D. colleagues followed by the deepening realization they would be joining a member- Drell (Stanford Linear Accelerator Center), ship that included George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Albert Einstein, Marian William J. Perry (Stanford University), Sam Anderson, and T. S. Eliot, among so many others. Nunn (Nuclear Threat Initiative), George P. Shultz (Stanford University), and Henry Richard Foster, a managing partner at Millbrook Management Group in New York, A. Kissinger, in absentia (Kissinger Associ- reflected on how the Academy’s values resonate with his own. “The Academy pro- ates, Inc.). Stephen D. Bechtel, Jr. (Bechtel vides us with a place to compare and contrast our mental models. I am really look- Group), Walter B. Hewlett (William and ing forward to being a member.” Flora Hewlett Foundation), Academy Presi- Many Fellows paused to study the framed letters of acceptance set along a wall in dent Emilio Bizzi, and Chief Executive the atrium. Anne Walters Robertson, a music professor from the University of Chi- Of½cer Leslie Berlowitz presented the cago, was thrilled by the range of people represented by the historic letters. She awards in recognition of the recipients’ on- was particularly moved when she found a beautifully handwritten letter by an ear- going efforts to reduce the global threat of lier Fellow she considered one of the greatest teachers of music composition in the nuclear weapons (see pages 6–7 for the twentieth century, Nadia Boulanger. award citations). In response, Drell, Perry, Nunn, and Shultz spoke about their decades “Election to the Academy is a great honor,” said Pablo G. Debenedetti, a professor in of experience confronting the nation’s most engineering and applied science at Princeton University and an immigrant from Ar- dif½cult national security issues and their gentina. “It is a reminder of how great this country is.” work to prevent the spread of nuclear weap- ons (see pages 77–82 for their remarks).