Controlled Mosaic of Enceladus Otbah Se 400K -43.5/135 CMN, 2018 GENERAL NOTES This map sheet is the 12th of a 15-quadrangle series covering the entire surface of Enceladus at 140° 130° a nominal scale of 1: 400 000. This map series is the third version of the Enceladus atlas and supersedes the release from 20101. The source of map data was the Cassini imaging experiment 150° 120° (Porco et al., 2004)2. Cassini-Huygens is a joint NASA/ESA/ASI mission to explore the Saturnian system. The Cassini spacecraft is the first spacecraft studying the Saturnian system of rings and moons from orbit; it entered Saturnian orbit on July 1st, 2004. The Cassini orbiter has 12 instruments. One of them is the Cassini Imaging Science Subsystem (ISS), consisting of two framing cameras. The narrow angle camera is a reflecting telescope with 110° 160° a focal length of 2000 mm and a field of view of 0.35 degrees. The wide angle camera is a refractor Perizadah with a focal length of 200 mm and a field of view of 3.5 degrees. Each camera is equipped with a large number of spectral filters which, taken together, span the electromagnetic spectrum from 0.2 to 1.1 micrometers. At the heart of each camera is a charged coupled device (CCD) detector consisting of a 1024 square array of pixels, each 12 microns on a side. SULCISIND 100° MAP SHEET DESIGNATION 170° Se Enceladus (Saturnian satellite) 400K Scale 1 : 400 000 -43.5/135 Center point in degrees consisting of latitude/west longitude CMN Controlled Mosaic with Nomenclature 2018 Year of publication 90° West IMAGE PROCESSING3 180° West Jansha -21° - Radiometric correction of the images -21° - Creation of a dense tie point network - Multiple least-square bundle adjustments - Ortho-image mosaicking CONTROL For the Cassini mission, spacecraft position and camera pointing data are available in the form of SPICE kernels. SPICE is a data system providing ancillary data such as spacecraft and target positions, target body size/shape/orientation, spacecraft orientation, and instrument pointing, which is used for planning space science missions and recovering the full value of science instrument data returned from missions (http://naif.jpl.nasa.gov/). A 3-D control network was set up to correct errors in the nominal camera pointing data. The Rayya network utilized all images in the Cassini ISS CLR (effective wavelength λe = 651 nm), GRN (λe -30° = 569 nm), IR3 (λe = 928 nm), and UV3 (λe = 343 nm) filters with a pixel scale between 50 and -30° 500 m/pixel and a phase angle less than 120°: a total of 586 images. The control network consisted Otbah of 10,362 tie points and 173,704 individual image measures, averaging nearly 17 measures per tie point. Least squares bundle adjustment resulted in a root mean square (rms) residual of 0.45 pixels, corresponding to rms ground point uncertainties of 66 m, 51 m, and 46 m in latitude, longitude, and radius, respectively. The bundle solution yielded independently determined shape information, resulting in radii (a, b, c axis) slight smaller than, but within the stated uncertainty of, IAU values, and a 0.769° shift in the prime meridian offset (W0). Using this geodetic control network, updated pointing kernels for every image were calculated, substantially improving image locations. Additionally, a new global mosaic of Enceladus using the best available data from the mission was created. The longitude system according to Davies and Katayama (1983)4 and adopted by the IAU/IAG (International Astronomical Union/International Association of Geodesy) Working Group on Cartographic Coordinates and Rotational Elements as standard (Archinal et al., 2018)5 is defined by crater Salih at 5° west. -40° -40° MAP PROJECTION Lambert conic conformal projection with two standard parallels at 58°S and 30°S Scale is true at 58°S and 30°S Adopted figure: sphere S U Mean radius: 252.1 km M A K R N L C A I Grid system: planetographic latitude, west longitude NOMENCLATURE M Names are suggested by the ISS-Camera-Team and approved by the International Astronomical A K R A N S U L Union (IAU). For a complete list of IAU-approved names on Enceladus, see the Gazetter of Planetary C I Nomenclature at http://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/. REFERENCES -50° -50° 1 Roatsch, Th., Kersten, E., Hoffmeister, A., Wählisch, M., Matz, K.-D., Porco, C.C., 2013, Recent improvements of the Saturnian satellites atlases: Mimas, Enceladus, and Dione, Planetary and Space Science, 77, 118-125. 2 Porco, C.C., West, R.A., Squyres, S., McEwen, A., Thomas, P.C., Murray, C.D., DelGenio, J.A., Ingersoll, A.P., Johnson, T.V., Neukum, G., Veverka, J., Dones, L., Brahic, A., Burns, J.A., Haemmerle, V., Knowles, B., Dawson, D., Roatsch, Th., Beurle, K., Owen, W., 2004, Cassini Imaging Science: Instrument Characteristics and Anticipated Scientific Investigations at Saturn, Space Science Review, 115, 363-497. 3 Bland, M.T., Becker, T.L., Edmundson, K.L., Patterson, G.W., Roatsch, Th., Takir, D., Collins, G.C., Pappalardo, R.T., Schenk, P.M., Hare, T.M., A new Enceladus global control network, image mosaic, and updated pointing kernels from Cassini’s thirteen-year mission, submitted to Earth and Space Science. 4 Davies, M.E. and Katayama, F.Y., 1983, The Control Networks of Mimas and Enceladus, Icarus, -60° 53, 332-340. -60° 140° 130° 5 Archinal, B.A., Acton, C.H., A’Hearn, M.F., Conrad, A., Consolmagno, G.J., Duxbury, T., Hestroffer, 150° 120° D., Hilton, J.L., Kirk, R.L., Klioner, S.A., McCarthy, D., Meech, K., Oberst, J., Ping, J., Seidelmann, 110° P.K., Tholen, D.J., Thomas, P.C., Williams, I.P., 2018, Report of the IAU Working Group on Cartogra- 160° phic Coordinates and Rotational Elements: 2015, Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy, 130, 3, 22. 100° 170° Image processing (USGS): Becker, T.L., Bland, M.T. 90° West Scale 1:400 000 Cartographic production and design (DLR): Kersten, E., Wählisch, M. -66° -66° 180° West 0 10 20 30 40 km EDITOR German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Planetary Research, Roatsch, Th. Please send comments, suggestions, and questions to [email protected]. Index map Se-1 Index of Cassini images Resolution of the images Sindbad Se-5 Se-4 Se-3 Se-2 60° Hamah Sulci Shahrazad Kasim Ali Baba 140° 130° 150° 120° 110° 160° 102 32 N1500060887 100° m/px 33 N1500061010 170° 92 87 101 86 98 34 N1500061132 est 90° W 30° 400 - 500 42 N1500062262 est 33 32 180° W 43 N1500062382 77 -21° 300 - 400 Se-10 Se-9 Se-8 Se-7 Se-6 57 N1637464272 -21° 58 N1637464382 Aziz Ebony Dorsum Khusrau Bulak Sulcus Salih 85 33 59 N1637464708 200 - 300 59 69 N1660434140 -30° 103 -30° 360° 330° 300° 270° 240° 210° 180° 150° 120° 90° 60° 30° 0° 58 70 N1660434273 97 150 - 200 0° 70 77 N1660435342 97 34 96 85 N1660436542 -40° 86 N1671591706 -40° 100 - 150 69 87 N1671591961 92 N1671593413 87 57 50 - 100 43 96 N1702359885 -50° 105 -50° 97 N1702360022 Se-14 Se-13 Se-12 Se-11 98 N1702360163 <50 -30° Cashmere Sulci Hassan Otbah Kamar 42 101 N1702361143 -60° 102 N1702361271 -60° 103 N1702361420 -66° Phase angle 120° 105 N1711573744 -66° Incidence angle 87° Emission angle 80° -60° Se-15 Damascus Sulcus Se 400K -43.5/135 CMN, 2018 Se-12.